Term | Definition |
amygdala | circuit hub |
thalamus | sub cortical route to the amygdala |
pulvinar | thalamic nuclei related to vision |
dorsal visual stream | "where" stream |
ventral visual stream | "what" stream |
paraventricular nucleus | innervated by the CeA and leads to downstream endocrine changes |
Nucleus Reticularis Pontis Caudalis | related to fear potentiated startle response |
Periaquiductal gray | associated with the freezing response |
Parabrachial Nucleus | activation: increased respiration and nociceptive input to CeA |
Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus | activation changes resting heart rate |
vagal tone | resting heart rate |
ventral tegmental area | brainstem region of dopamine production |
dorsal raphe | brainstem nuclei for serotonin production |
locus ceruleus | brainstem nuclei for norepinephrine production |
nucleus basalis of meynart (NBM) | cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain |
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) | drives the "anxiety" response |
insula | cortical region, interoception |
hippocampal formation | made up of the entorhinal ctx, perirhinal ctx, parahippocampal ctx, hippocampus |
medial pre frontal cortex | region of higher order behavioral regulation |
dmPFC | inhibts the amygdla via top down processing |
vmPFC | conscious appraisal of the situation, information integration |
dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dAcc) | conflict monitoring |
vlPFC | situation reappraisal |
dlPFC | planning and execution |
PVN, brainstem, NBM | regions of direct amygdala output |
insula, HP formation, PFC | regions of indirect amygdala output |
hypothalamic, pituitary, adrenal axis. A stress response that culminates in the release of cortisol | HPA axis |