Question | Answer |
Fossil | Any trace or remains of a living organism that has been preserved by natural means |
Rock | The solid material in the earth’s crust |
Petrology | The study of rocks |
Igneous Rocks | Rocks formed by the cooling of molten rocks |
Metamorphic Rocks | The changes in the original igneous and the sedimentary rock types produced metamorphic rocks |
Rock Cycle | Description of geologic events |
Clastic | “Fragmental”. if they appear to contain fragments eroded from other rocks |
Nonclastic | “Chemical”. F they appear to come from minerals that were dissolved in water |
Matrix | A material in which something else is enclosed or embedded |
Impermeable | If there are no interconnected pores in the rocks |
Precipitated | When the solution of minerals in water becomes supersaturated, the mineral may crystallize out of solution, settling as a solid to the bottom to form a precipitate |
Evaporate | Evaporation of the water can leave the minerals behind as an evaporite. |
Salt Domes | Halite deposits occasionally occur deep underground ass vertical cylindrical masses |
Paleontology | The study of fossilize animals and plants |
Index Fossils | Fossils that seemingly linked layers of rocks together to a corresponding time were called “guide fossils” of index fossils |
Geologic Column | A sequence of rocks units and layers that supposedly extends through time from the earliest form rocks to the recently deposited mud, gravel, and sand |
Polystrate Fossils | Fossils that extend through several layers of sedimentary rock have been found |
Fossil Fuels | Natural solid, liquid, and gas materials are now known together |
Magma | Molten rocks found anywhere beneath the earth’s surface |
Lava | Molten rocks that flows out onto the earth’s surface |
Extrusive Rocks | Forms when lava solidifies above the earth’s surface |
Intrusive rocks | Forms when magma solidifies after squeezing into other rocks, intruding them |
Sills | Magma that may force its way between layers of existing rock to form sheets |
Dikes | Magma that introduces into cracks that cut through existing layers of rock hardens to form dikes |
Lava Plateau | Resulting thick rock formation |
Volcanic Neck | A vertical igneous rock formed by erosion of the surrounding volcanic cone that leaves only the solidified lava originally contained within the volcano’s vent passage |
Local Metamorphism | A relatively small |
Regional Metamorphism | Metamorphism that occurred over large areas because of the heat and pressure from immense forces |
Foliated | Metamorphic rock that has a banded or layered appearance, such as gneiss |
Nonfoliated | Metamorphic rock that is not banded or layered |
Geologic Time Scale | Rise to deep |
Sedimentary Rocks | Rocks consists o particles of sediment that have bonded together by natural cements; solids that have precipitated from water solutions |