Question | Answer |
Sediments | loose materials, such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and the remains of once living plants and animals, that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity |
Sedimentary Rock | forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when minerals form from solutions |
Compaction | process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers of sediments are compressed by the weight of the layers above them |
Cementation | sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediment grains are held together by natural cements that are produced when water moves through rock and soil |
Basaltic | describes dense, dark colored igneous rock formed from magma rich in magnesium and iron and poor in silica |
Intrusive | describes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface |
Lava | molten rock that flows from volcanoes on to Earth's surface |
Igneous | rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens |
Rock Cycle | a model to show how slowly rocks change through time |
Rock | a mixture of such minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials |
Extrusive | describes fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface |
Foliated | describes metamorphic rocks, such as slate and gneiss, whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers |
Metamorphic Rock | forms when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rock to change its form or composition, or both |
Nonfoliated | describes metamorphic rocks, such as quartzite or marble, whose mineral grains grow and rearrange but generally do not form layers |
Granitic | describes generally light colored silica-rich igneous rock that is less dense than basaltic rock |