| Flap 1 |
Flap 2 |
| 2 Divisions r/t Peripheral nervous system (PNS) | Somatic, Autonomic |
| Ganglia vs. Center r/t Nerve cell bodies | G:clusters of nerve cell bodies, C:cluster of cell bodies w/same function |
| Actions r/t Neurotransmitters | Potentiate, Terminate, Modulate |
| Direct receptors vs. Indirect receptors | D:link to ion channels and allow passage of ions, I:affect metabolic processes in cell |
| Broca'a area location | Frontal lobe |
| Critical for motor control of speech | Broca's area |
| Contols and regulates autonomic nervous system | Hypothalamus |
| Responsible for production of Cerebral Spinal Fluid(CSF) | Choroid plexus |
| Contains choroid plexus | Arachnoid layer |
| Increased size of ventricles | Hydrocephalus |
| WBC's vs. RBC's r/t Normal CSF | WBC:minimal, RBC:nonexistent |
| Physiology r/t Cerebral veins | No valves, Depend on gravity & BP |
| Gray matter vs. White matter r/t Brain & spinal cord | B:gray matter is external & white matter is internal, SC:gray matter is internal & white matter is external |
| Anterior vs. Posterior horns vs. Lateral horns r/t Pathways | A:voluntary/reflex activity of muscles, P:sensory/reflex pathway, L:autonomic fibers of sympathetic division |
| Fiber bundles w/common function | Tract |
| Physiology r/t Ascending tracts | 2 conduct sensation, 2 spinocerebellar tracts to coordinate muscle contraction, 2 spinothalamic tracts for pain, proprioception, fine touch, vibration |
| Physiology r/t Descending tracts | 2 corticospinal tracts to control voluntary muscle activity, 3 vestibulospinal tracts for autonomic and involuntary muscle control, Corticobulbar tract for voluntary head/facial movement, Rubrospinal & Reticulospinal tracts for involuntary movement |
| Dorsal root vs. Ventral root r/t Spinal nerves | D:sensory, V:motor |
| 2 neurons r/t Autonomic nervous system | Preganglionic neuron, Postganglionic neuron |
| Autonomic nervous system extends from | CNS to effected organs |
| Preganglionic neuron vs. Postganglionic neuron | Post:axon synapses w/target tissue, Pre:axon synapses w/postganglionic neuron |
| Lag period r/t Autonomic nervous system | Responses sustained longer to ensure maximal functional capacity |
| Injury to internal capsule vs. Injury to motor cortex | Small injury to capsule results in paralysis in more muscles than a larger injury to cortex |
| Motor functions depends on integrity of 3 factors | Integrity of corticospinal tract, exrapyramidal system, Cerebellar function |
| Upper motor lesions vs. Lower motor lesions | U:hyperactive deep tendon reflexes & Paralysis can affect whole extremities, L:muscle paralyis & reflexes lost |
| Decortication vs. Decerebration vs. Flaccid posturing d/t Cerebral trauma | Decort:result of lesion of internal capsule/cerbral hemisphers, Decere:lesions at midbrain, FP:lower brain stem dysfunction & Pt has no motor function |
| Signs r/t increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) | Vomiting, Headache, Changes in VS, Changes in LOC |
| Destruction/dysfunction of basal ganglia r/t Muscles | Muscle rigidity results |
| Dizziness vs. Vertigo | D:abnormal sensation of imbalance/movement, V:illusion of movement/rotation |
| 5 components r/t Neurologic assessment | Cerebral function, Cranial nerves, Motor system, Sensory system, Reflexes |
| Assessments r/t Mental status | Appearance, Behavior, Speech, LOC, Orientation |
| Agnosia | Inability to interpret/recognize objects through special senses Ex.see a pencil but not know what it does |
| Screening test for balance | Romberg test |
| Reflexes are hyperactive | Clonus |
| Positive vs. Negative plantar reflex | P:toe fanning, N:toe flexion |
| Cause r/t Most sensory deficits | Peripheral neuropathy |
| Brain changes r/t Aging | Brain weight, number synapses, cerebral blood flow & metabolism decreases |
| Reflexes r/t Aging | Deep tendon & pupillary responses are reduced |
| Always suspected d/t change in mental status | Drug toxicity |
