Question | Answer |
What is polytheism? | The belief in many gods. Most early civilizations were polytheistic. |
What is animism? | Objects that can have spirits. Animism was mostly present in the Americas and Africa. |
What is shamanism? | Shamen that go between the real and spirit world. Most present in the Americas and Central Asia. |
How and where did Hinduism begin? | It began in India because of Aryan invaders. It is the oldest of the major religions. |
What is dharma? | Rules of your caste. |
What is karma? | What you do in this life will determine your caste in the next life. |
What is reincarnation? | The cycle of life and death. |
What is moksha? | The release from the cycle of life and death. |
What keeps India together throughout the different empires? | Hinduism. |
What are some examples of Hindu texts? | Rig Veda and Baghavad Gita. |
What are some examples that showed India was a patriarchal society? | Sati (throwing oneself onto the burning corpse of her husband) and women could not achieve moksha. |
Where and who founded Buddhism? | Buddhism is from India, founded by the Buddha, or Siddhartha Gautama. |
Buddhism spawned from what religion? | Hinduism. |
What are the Four Noble Truths? | Life is suffering; suffering is caused by attachment to material things and people; there is a way to end suffering; the way to end suffering is the Eightfold Path. |
What do you have to do to follow the Eightfold Path? | Follow the right conduction and meditate. |
What is Nirvana? | Peace/bliss. |
Nirvana in Buddhism is comparable to what in Hinduism? | Moksha. |
Why did Buddhism appeal to the poor? | Nirvana could be achieved in one lifetime, unlike Moksha. |
Like Christianity, Buddhism offered what to both men and women? | A monastic life. |
What are the three universal religions? | Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. |
What does it mean to be a universalizing religion? | They are easily adapted to other cultures. |
What are the two types of Buddhism? | Theravada and Mahayana. |
What is Theravada Buddhism? | The older version of Buddhism complete with monks and the lesser vehicle. |
What is Mahayana Buddhism? | The newer version of Buddhism that included all people, called the greater vehicle. |
Ashoka, emperor of India, spread what religion and kept it from dying out? | Buddhism. |
What facilitated the spread of Buddhism to China, Korea, and Japan? | The Silk Roads. |
Angkor Wat was influenced by what two religions? | Buddhism and Hinduism. |
Where and when did Confucianism began? | Confucianism developed in China during the Warring State period. |
What did Confucianism emphasize? | Education, respect, reciprocity, virtue, and order. |
What does Filial piety mean? | Family respect. |
What are the Five Relationships in Confucianism? | Ruler to ruled; father to son; husband to wide; older brother to younger brother; and older friend to younger friend. |
The Civil Service Exam was based on what? | The Confucian Analects. (Book of dumb Confucian sayings) |
What was the Civil Service Exam? | Government bureaucracy based on merit. |
The Civil Service Exam allowed the possibility for what? | Social mobility. |
During the Tang dynasty, what two religions combined to create Neo-Confucianism? | Confucianism and Buddhism. |
In China, who founded Daoism? | Laozi |
What did Daoism emphasize? | Harmony with nature. |
In the Qin Dynasty, Shi Huangdi created what philosophy? | Legalism. |
What was the first great monotheistic faith founded by Abraham in the Middle East? | Judaism. |
What two religions were influenced by Judaism? | Christianity and Islam. |
Why is Judaism not a universal religion? | It stays in one place. |
What spread Christianity? | Jesus's disciple Paul, the Roman Roads, Roman dominance, trade, war, and migration. |
What empire embraced Christianity? | The Roman Empire. |
In 380 CE, who made Christianity the official religion of Rome? | Theodosius. |
What are the three trade interactions of the Classical period? | The Silks Roads, Sea Roads, and the Sand Roads. |
The Silk Roads facilitated the diffusion of what? | Disease, technology, beliefs, and ideas. |
The Sea Roads linked what countries? | India, East Africa, Middle East, Southeast Asia, and China. |
The Sand Roads connected Sub-Saharan Africa with? | North Africa and the Mediterranean. |
Why was trade in the Americas limited and regional? | Different crops, different geography, and the only beast of burden they had was the llama. |
Classical empires of China? | Qin/Han |
Classical empires of India? | Mauryan/Gupta |
Classical empires of Mediterranean? | Persia/Greece/Rome |
Classical empire of the Americas? | Maya. |
Why does this unit start at 600 BCE? | The rise of classical civilizations such as Rome, Han, and Gupta. |
Why does this unit end at 600 CE? | The emergence of Islam. |
What do we need to know about the first Chinese dynasty, the Zhou? | It was the longest lasting dynasty and they developed the mandate of Heaven. |
What came after the Zhou dynasty? | The Warring States Period. |
What came after the Warring States Period? | The Qin dynasty. |
Who was known as the first emperor of China? | Shi Huangdi. |
What did the Qin dynasty accomplish? | Legalism, standardized weights, measurements, currencies, laws, a written language, builds tomb guarded by the Terra Cotta warriors, and they started the Great Wall. |
What dynasty was considered the Golden Age of China? | The Han. |
What defines a Golden Age? | Peace, culture, art. |
What dynasty established the Silk Road? | Han. |
The Civil Service Exam began with what dynasty? | The Han. |
What did the Han Dynasty accomplish? | Paper manufacture, sun dial, calendar, compass, rudder, seismograph, and water powered mills. |
What was the first empire to unify the Indian subcontinent? | The Mauryan Empire. |
The emperor of the Mauryan dynasty was? | Ashoka. |
What made the Gupta Empire the Golden Age of India? | Number system, concept of zero, concept of pi, Sanskrit flourishes, predicted eclipses, inoculation, surgeries and bone setting. |
Who started the Persian Empire? | Cyrus the Great. |
What religion was practiced in Persia? | Zoroastrianism. |
The leader of the Persian empire was known as the "____ __ _____". | King of Kings. |
What was the Royal Road? | 1600 miles of roads in Persia. |
What was the capital of Persia? | Persepolis. |
Who fought in the Persian War besides the Persians? | The Greeks. (Athens/Sparta) |
The Persian Empire eventually fell to whom? | Alexander the Great of Macedonia. |
What made Greece unique? | Their geography. Their islands and mountains made them isolated. |
Accomplishments of Athens? | Democracy, science, arts, philosophy, and architecture. |
Accomplishments of Sparta? | Military. |
Greek culture? | Olympics, mythology, epic poems of the Odyssey and the Iliad, drama and comedies, and philosophy. |
List some Greek philosophers who taught each other (in order). | Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Alexander the Great. |
What was the Peloponnesian War? | Athens vs. Greece. Sparta won. This weakened Greece and it was taken over by Alexander the Great. |
What is Hellenism? | The spread of Greek culture. |
Alexander the Great's empire facilitated the spread of culture to where? | Greece, India, Persia, and Egypt. |
What are Rome's greatest achievements? | Law and engineering. |
The Roman Republic was made up of the Senate and had the ______ _____. | Twelve Tables. |
The Patricians were the ____. | rich |
The Plebeians were the _____. | poor |
Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire? | Julius Caesar. |
Who was the second emperor of the Roman Empire? | Octavian Augustus |
What is the Pax Romana? | Roman peace, Rome's golden age. |
Examples of Roman technology? | The Coliseum, aqueducts, and the Roman Roads. |
Which two societies heavily depended on slavery? | Greece and Rome. |
Achievements of the Mayan Empire? | Writing system-glyphs, calendar, the concept of zero, astronomical observations, and the steppe pyramids of Tikal and Chichen Itza. |
Where was Teotihuacan? | Mexico. |
Why did Han China fall? | Land problems, corruption, Yellow Turban rebellion, disease, and conflict with the nomadic Xiongnu. |
Why did Western Rome fall? (East survived as the Byzantine Empire) | Tax revolts, bad leaders, division of the empire, over expansion, decrease in trade, disease, and invasions from the Huns and Goths. |
Why did the Gupta empire fall? | Invasion by the White Huns. |