Question | Answer |
azot/o | CF: nitrogenous waste |
bacteri/o | CF: bacteria |
cyst/o | CF: urinary bladder |
glomerul/o | CF: glomerulus |
glycos/o | CF: sugar |
keton/o | CF: ketone |
lith/o | CF: stone, calculus |
meat/o | CF: opening |
nephr/o | CF: kidney |
noct/i, nyct/o | CF: night |
olig/o | CF: scanty |
pyel/o | CF: renal pelvis |
ren/o | CF: kidney |
scler/o | CF: hard |
ur/o | CF: urine |
urin/o | CF: urine |
ureter/o | CF: ureter |
urethr/o | CF: urethra |
vesic/o | CF: bladder |
poly- | Prefix: many |
-cele | Suffix: hernia |
-emia | Suffix: blood condition |
-iasis | Suffix: abnormal condition |
-lith | Suffix: stone, calculus |
-lithiasis | Suffix: abnormal condition of having stones |
-lysis | Suffix: destruction |
-megaly | Suffix: enlarged |
-pathy | Suffix: disease |
-pexy | Suffix: surgical fixation |
-ptosis | Suffix: prolapse |
-rrhaphy | Suffix: suture |
-tome | Suffix: instrument for cutting |
-tomy | Suffix: incision |
-tripsy | Suffix: surgical crushing |
-urea | Suffix: urine |
Kidneys | organ that filters nitrogenous waste from the blood |
Ureters | vessels that takes waste from the kidneys to the bladder |
Bladder | sac where urine is stored |
Urethra | vessel from the bladder to outside the body |
Renal Pelvis | where all urine is collected in the kidney before entering the ureter |
Nephron | microscopic functioning unit of the kidney
f capillaries inside the Bowmen’s capsule |
Bowmen’s capsule | area that surrounds the glomeruli and starts the filtration process |
glomerulus (singular) glomeruli (plural) | tuft of capillaries inside the Bowmen’s capsule |
cystalgia | bladder pain |
cystocele | prolapse of the bladder into the vagina |
cystectomy | surgical removal of the urinary bladder |
cystogram | x-ray of the urinary bladder |
cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
cystolith | calculus build up in the urinary bladder |
cystolithiasis | abnormal condition of stones in the urinary bladder |
cystolithotomy | incision of the urinary bladder to remove a stone(s) |
cystopexy | surgical fixation of the urinary bladder |
cystoplasty | surgical repair of the urinary bladder |
cystoscope | an instrument to view the urinary bladder |
cystoscopy | the process of viewing the urinary bladder |
polycystic | having many fluid filled sacs |
glomerulonephritis | disease of the kidneys causing inflammation of the capillaries of the glomeruli |
glomerulosclerosis | hardening of the glomeruli |
lithiasis | abnormal condition of having stones |
lithotripsy | surgical crushing of stones |
lithotomy | incision to remove stones |
meatus | an opening |
nephralgia | painful kidneys |
nephrectomy | excision of a kidney |
nephrogram | X-ray of kidney |
nephritis | inflammation of one or both kidneys |
nephrolith | calculus (stones) in the kidney |
nephrolithiasis | abnormal condition of many kidney stones |
nephrolithotomy | incision of the kidney to remove stones |
nephrology | branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the kidney |
nephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney |
nephroptosis | prolapse of a kidney |
nephropexy | surgical fixation of a kidney |
nephrorrhaphy | suturing of a kidney |
pyelogram | x-ray of the renal pelvis |
pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney from a bacterial infection |
pyeloplasty | surgical repair of the renal pelvis |
renal | pertaining to the kidneys |
uremia | urine in the blood, caused by improper kidney functioning (failure) |
urologist | specialist in the diseases of the urinary system |
urology | the study of the urinary system |
ureteral | pertaining to the ureter |
ureteralgia | painful ureter |
ureterectasis | dilation of the ureter |
ureterocele | protrusion of the ureter |
ureterolith | ureter stone |
ureterostenosis | narrowing of the ureter |
urethral | pertaining to the urethra |
urethralgia | urethra pain |
urethrocele | protrusion of the urethra into the vagina |
urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder and urethra |
urethrectomy | surgical removal of the urethra |
urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra |
urethritis | urethra inflammation |
urethrorrhagia | rapid bleeding from urethra |
urethroscope | instrument to visually examine urethra |
urethrostenosis | narrowing of urethra |
urinometer | instrument to measure urine |
urinary | pertaining to urine |
anuria | condition of no urine (produced by kidney) |
azoturia | nitrogenous waste in the urine |
bacteriuria | bacteria in urine |
dysuria | condition of difficult or painful urination |
glycosuria | condition of sugar in urine |
hematuria | condition of blood in urine |
ketonuria | ketones in urine |
nocturia | condition of frequent nighttime urination |
oliguria | condition of scanty amount of urine |
polyuria | condition of (too) much urine |
proteinuria | protein in urine |
pyuria | condition of pus in urine |
cystocele | protrusion of the bladder into the vaginal wall |
rectocele | protrusion of the anus into the vaginal wall |
dialysis | process of using a machine to artificially filter the blood |
calculus | stone formed within organ by accumulation of mineral salts; found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra; plural is calculi |
diuresis | increased formation and secretion of urine |
enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine after age by which bladder control should have been established |
micturition | another term for urination |
urinary incontinence | involuntary release of urine |
urinary retention | inability to fully empty the bladder |
urology | branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of urinary system. physician is a urologist |
voiding | another term for urination |
diabetic nephropathy | accumulation of damage to glomerulus capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus |
glomerulonephritis | inflammation of kidney (primarily of the glomerulus) |
hydronephrosis | distention of renal pelvis due to urine collecting in kidney; often result of obstruction of ureter |
nephrolithiasis | presence of calculi in kidney |
nephroptosis | downward displacement of kidney out of normal location; commonly called floating kidney |
oliguria | scanty (little amounts) production of urine |
polycystic kidney | kidneys formation of multiple cysts within kidney tissue. Results in the destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia |
pyelonephritis | inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney |
cystography | process of instilling contrast material or dye into bladder by catheter to visualize urinary bladder on X-ray |
retrograde pyelogram | diagnostic X-ray in which dye is inserted through urethra to outline bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis |
cystoscopy | visual examination of urinary bladder using instrument called cystoscope |
urinary catheterization | insertion of tube through urethra and into urinary bladder for purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye |
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) | use of ultrasound waves to break up stones; procedure that is non-invasive. Destroys or crushes stones in the bladder or urethra by high frequency sound waves |
hemodialysis (HD) | use of artificial kidney machine that filters blood of person to remove waste products |
dialysis | removal of toxic waste substances from blood artificially with the use of a machine to filter it. |
meatotomy | incision into meatus in order to enlarge opening of urethra |
nephrolithotomy | surgical incision to directly remove stones from kidney |
renal transplant | surgical placement of donor kidney |
ARF | acute renal failure |
BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
CRF | chronic renal failure |
cysto | cystoscopic exam |
ESRD | end-stage renal disease |
ESWL | extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy |
GU | genitourinary |
HD | hemodialysis |
H2O | water |
I&O | intake and output |
IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
KUB | kidney, ureter, bladder |
RP | retrograde pyelogram |
UA | urinalysis |
UTI | urinary tract infection |
VCUG | voiding cystourethrogram |
micturition | urination |
gluc/o, glucos/o | CF: sugar |
genit/o | CF: genital, genitalia |
anti- | Prefix: against |
cortex | literal translation "bark": outside layer |
medulla | middle layer |
renal artery | blood vessels going into the hilum of the kidney to the glomeruli for filtering |
renal veins | filtrate from kidneys to the veins leading out of the hilum of the kidney |
cystorrhea | uncontrolled flow of urine |
cystourethritis | inflammation of the bladder and urethra |
genitourinary | pertaining to the genital and urinary systems |