Question | Answer |
Base pair | A and T and C and G align with each other on opposite strands of the double-stranded DNA |
Bidirectional gene therapy | (blank) |
Chromosome | very large circular molecule of several million base pairs of DNA |
Complementary | DNA has nucleotides on one strand that match up with specific nucleotides on the other strand--provided that A & T always base pair and C&G always base pair |
Diploid | eukaryotes--have 2 copies of each chromosome |
DNase | enzyme that degrades DNA |
Genetic engineering | overall processes of changing the normal genetic character of an individual or providing new gene products |
Genetics | study of the heredity (how genes are passed from one generation to the next), variation, and expression of genes |
Genome | collection of all genes in a cell |
Haploid | prokaryotes--contain one copy of each chromosome |
Heredity | how genes are passed from one generation to the next |
Mutant | strain a gene required to produce the capsule was defective |
Origin of replication | direct site of each chromosome that signals the enzymes the proper location to begin replication |
Proofread | polymerase checks newly added nucleotides--is A opposite a T in the template--G opposite C--if base pair not proper--polymerase removes it and tries again to add the correct one |
Protease | (proteinase) enzyme that degrades protein, and RNase degrades RNA |
Proteinase | (protease) enzyme that degrades protein, and RNase degrades RNA |
Recombinant DNA technology | series of tools, enzymes, and bacterial hosts--allow researchers to isolate and identify the mutant adenine deaminase (ADA) gene |
Replication | enzymatic process of making another copy, or dublicate |
RNase | degrades RNA |
Transfection | when virus carries foreign DNA--term transfect is used in place of infect |
Transforming principle | Griffith showed genes can functionally affect character of cells--genes can be transferred from one cell to another |
viral vectors | delivery system called a vector--most widely used vectors for gene therapy are viruses |
Wild-type bacterium | bacterium lacking mutations--had a capsule |