Question | Answer |
What are units of wrapped DNA? | Nucleosomes |
What are the different nucleotide bases in DNA? | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine |
What is replication? | When a cell divides into an identical cell and makes a copy of it's DNA |
Walther Flemming | German biologist, discovered chromosomes in 1882 |
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? | 23 |
What are autosomes? | The 22 pairs in chromosomes, same in both male and female |
What is the 23rd pair of chromosomes? | The sex chromosome, which is the primary factor in determining the gender of the offspring |
What chromosomes do females have? | XX |
What chromosomes do males have? | Xy |
What is mitosis? | the cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and to the original nucleus in a series of steps |
What are the stages of mitosis? | Prophase, metaphase, interphase, and anaphase |
What is transcription? | The process of transferring information from DNA to RNA |
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? | DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single helix. RNA has Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, but instead of Thymine, it has Uracil. |
What is translation? | It is when three specific bases equal one amino acid, it takes place in the cytoplasm |
What is heredity? | it is the process of passing biological traits from parent to offspring, through genes |
What is the section of the DNA molecule that carries the instructions for the construction of proteins | idk |
What is the study of how heredity works and, in particular, genes? | Genetics |
Who is Walter Sutton? | An American graduate who in 1902, when he was researching chromosomes, discovered that genes are located on chromosomes |
What are alleles? | Different forms of genes that carry information for a specific trait |
How do we write alleles? | Using upper and lower case letters |
What does Homeozygous mean? | Meaning the same |
What does Heterozygous mean? | Meaning different |
What is the likelihood that something will occur? | Probability |
What are Punnett Squares? | special charts that show the possible gene combinations in a cross between two organisms |
What did Gregor Mendel do? | He researched peas, english geneticist, developed punnett square |
What is the phenotype? | The physical appearance |
What is the genotype? | The actual genetic makeup |
Who is considered the father of genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
What is a sexual reproduction? | when one parent transmits all of its genetic information to the offspring , therefore they are identical |
What is sexual reproduction? | When two parents contribute their genetics to the offspring |
What is another name for sex cells? | Gametes |
What is reproduction? | when the egg and the sperm unite |
What is meiosis? | a cell division that produces haploid cells, not diploid |
What is a mutation? | Any change in DNA |
What is genetic engineering? | the process in which a sequence of DNA from an organism is first isolated, then inserted into the DNA of another organism, changing that organisms' DNA |
What is all of the genetic material in an organism? | Deoxyribonucleicacid |
What is forensics? | The use of DNA to identify a person |
What is DNA? | nucleic acid that is shaped in a double helix that carries genetic info |
Who were Watson and Crick | they stole Franklin's ideas and got the Nobel Prize for it (discovered structure of DNA) |
Who was Rosalind Franklin? | Discovered stuff about chromosomes with an x ray died of cancer |
Who was Walther Flemming? | German biologisst who discovered chromosomes in 1882 |
Who was Walter Sutton | discovered genes are located on chromosomes |
What is the chromosome theory | genes are located on chromosomes |
what is a chromosome? | strucutre of nucleic acid located in the nucleus |
what is a chromatin | the material of which the chromosomes of organisms are composed |
what is a chromatid | half of a chromosome |
what are nucleosomes | basic unit of dna |
22 pairs of the chromosomes are what? | autosomes |
the 23rd pair of chromosomes? | sex chromosomes |
what is dna replication | when dna divides making an exact copy |
what is mitosis | division of the nucleus of a cell |
what are the stages of mitosis | interphase, prophase, metaphase, and anaphase |