Question | Answer |
Theory | An explanation for a phonamena that is based off of an observation, experiment,and reasoning; that does not conflict with any experiment results or observations. |
Geology | The scientific study of the origin,history, and structure of earth and the process tht shapes the Earth |
Independant variable | The variable in the experiment that the scientist changes |
atmosphere | A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon |
Ecosyststem | A community organisms in there natural environment |
Contour line | A line that connects points with equal elevation on a map |
Mineral | A natural,usually Inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties |
Rock cycle | The series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes. |
Metamorphic rock | A type of rock that changes from one kind to another by heat or pressure. |
Fossil fuel | A nonrenewable energy resource formed from old organism remains |
Hydroelectric energy | Electric energy produced by water |
Relative age | The age of an object in relation to other objects (not in number form) |
Uniformitaianism | A principal that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by today's geological processes |
Period | A u it of geological time that is longer than epoch but shorter than a era |
Geologic column | An ordered arrangement of rock of rock layers that is based in the relative ages of the rocks and in which the older rocks are at the bottom. |
Continental drift | The hypothesis that the continents were one major landmass ad broke apart then drifted into their present positions |
Divergent boundaries | Boundries of plates that moved apart from each other and leave a mid ocean ridge |
Seismograph | The instrument that records the vibrations in the ground |
P wave | The primary wave that moves up and down and is the fastest wave |
Epicenter | The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's starting point, or focus |
Observations | Observing things using the 5 senses |
Earth sciences | The scientific of earth and the universe around it |
Hypothesis | An educated guess |
Biosphere | The part of the earth where life exists |
Legend | A list of Mao symbols and their meanings (key) |
Scale | the relationship between the distance shown on the map and in real life. |
non silicate | A mineral that does not contain silicon and oxygen |
Silicate | A mineral that contains a combination of silicon and oxygen and may contain one or more metals |
Sedimentary rock | Loose rock or sediment that has been compacted or cemented together by heat or pressure. |
Extrusive igneouse rock | Rocks that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth's surface |
Nuclear fission | The process by which the nucleus of a heavy atom splits into two or more fragments;the process releases neutrons and energy |
Recycling | The process of recovering valuable or useful materials from waste or scrap; |
Index fossil | A fossil used to show the ages of the surrounding rocks |
Eras | A Unit o geological time that includes two or more periods |
Sea floor spreading | The process by which new oceanic lithosphere (sea floor) forms magma rises to Earth's surface and solidifies at a mid ocean ridge |
Paleomagnetism | The study of the alignment of magnetic minerals in rock, specifically if it relates to the magnetic poles |
Elastic rebound | When an object's shape is deformed by a force and when that force is released the object returns to its original shape |
S wave | The secondary wave hat moves from side to side and is the 2nd fastest wave |
Volcanism | Any activity tha includes the movement of magma toward or onto Earth's surface |
Explosives eruption | A volcanic eruptin that is Manley felsic lava which is sticky and creates a large eruption |
Hydrosphere | The portion of the Earth that is water |
Elevation | The height of an object above sea level |
Topography | The size and shape of the land surface features of a region, including it s relief |
Cleavage | The tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of a weakness to form a smooth flat surface |
Regional metamorphism | A change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to changes in temperature and pressure over a large area, usually because of tectonic forces |
Igneous rock | Rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies |
Nuclear fusion | The process by which nuclei of small atoms combine to form new, more massive nuclei; this process releases energy |
Solar energy | The energy received by Earth from the sun in the form of radiation |
Geothermal energy | The energy produced by heat within the earth |
Absolute age | Age of an object(using numbers) |
Law of superposition | The principal that a sedimentary rock layer is older than the layers above itabd younger than the layers above it the layers are not disturbed |
Epochs | A geologic time that is longer than an age but shorter than a period |
Plate tectonics | The theory hat explains how large prices of the lithosphere, called plates, move an change shape |
Transform boundaries | 2 plate boundaries that slide past eachother |
Convergent boundaries | 2 plate boundaries converge into each other and one plate slides under the other one |
Focus | The location within the earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs |
Hot spot | A volcanically active area of Earth's surface, commonly far from a tectonic plane boundary ( Hawaii ) |
Pyroclastic material | Fragments of rock that form during a volcanic eruption |
Mine reclamation | Mining companies are asked to put the land back to how it was after mining |
Queit eruption | Volcanic eruptions that mainly include magic magma and the lava just flows down the volcanoe |
Closed system | When energy but not matter is exchanged with the surroundings |
Open system | When both matter and energy are exchanged with the surroundings |
Solar collector | An object that collects sunlight |