word | definition |
elements | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
compound | when two or more elements combine chemically, they form a compound |
carbohydrate | an energy rich organic compound made of C, H, and O |
lipids | fats oils and waxes |
proteins | large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen , oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes Sulfur |
amino acids | |
selectively permeable | some substances can pass through the cell membrane, while others cannot. |
diffusion | the main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane |
Osmosis | cells cannot function properly without adequate water, many cellular processes depend on osmosis. |
passive transport | the movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without using cellular energy is called passive transport |
active transport | it requires the cell to use its own energy while passive transport does not. |
photosynthesis | photo is Greek which means light, and synthesis means putting together |
autotroph | an organism that cannot make its own food |
heterotroph | obtain food by eating other organisms |
pigments | colored chemical compounds that absorb light |
chlorophyll | the main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts |
stomata | carbon dioxide enters the plant through small openings on the underside of the leaves |
respiration | the process which cells obtain energy from glucose. |
Fermentation | is an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen |