Question | Answer |
Drug for status epilepticus | Diazepam, lorazepam, phenobarbital, fosphenytoin |
Drug interaction | Carbamazepine and phenytoin induce cytochrome P450 enzymes and decrease serum levels of the drugs with which they interact |
Drug interaction | Valproate inhibits the metabolism of the drugs with which it interacts |
Epilepsy and pregnancy | Valproate and phenytoin cause birth defects and both can reduce folate levels |
Carbamazepine | seizures, trigeminal neuralgia (pain on one or both side of face), bipolar disease |
Epilepsy and pregnancy | Valproate and phenytoin cause birth defects and both can reduce folate levels |
Carbamazepine | seizures, trigeminal neuralgia (pain on one or both side of face), bipolar disease |
Carbamazepine | cause drowsiness, ataxia, CNS depression, GI |
Phenytoin contraindication | not use in children and pregnancy |
Phenytoin | cause: megaloblratic anemia, birth defects, fetal hydantoin syndrome (cardiac defects, malformation of ears, lips, palate, mouth and nasal bridge, mental retardation, microcephaly; ataxia, diplopia, nystagmus, slurred speech; |
Phenytoin | cause osteomalacia; gingival hyperpalsia, excessive hair growth (hirsutism) |
Topiramate use | adjunct use for partial seizures |
Topiramate | reduce serum level of oral contraceptives |
Topiramate s/e | ataxia, dizziness, drowsiness |
Topiramate | have several mechanisms of actions, halflife 21 hours, metabolism induced by carbamazepine and phenytonin |
Ethosuximide | first choice in treatment of absence seizure in children, not for adults (valproate instead) |
Ethosuximide | valproate inhibits metabolism and increase serum levels, effect is altered by Haloperidol |
gabapentin | GABA analogue, increase the release of GABA from central neurons, absorption from the gut is inversely related to the dose |
gabapentin | treat all forms of partial seizures |
gabapentin s/e | ataxia, dizziness, drowsiness, nystagmus, tremor |
Benzo used in seizure treatment | clonazepam, diazepam (IV), lorazepam (IV) |
Benefits of benzo | produces more sedation than other antiepileptic drugs |