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Level 2 Bio Ecology
Describe concepts and processes relating to ecology 90461 key words
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Abiotic Features | The non living features of an organisms environment. |
Abundance | how much there is of something. |
Adaptation | characteristics of organisms that improve their chances of survival. |
Biotic Features | living features in a habitat or area. |
Carry Capacity(K) | maximum size of population able to be sustained in an environment. |
Community | populations of all the species in a particular area that interact. |
Competitive Exclusion | same as Gause’s Principle |
Density | population number divided by area of habitat. |
Density Dependant | the effect depends upon the size of the population. |
Density Independant | occurs independently of the size of the population. |
Ecological Niche | the role or way of life of an organisom in its biological community |
Ecosystem | all the communities and the physical environment in an area. |
Environment | surroundings of an organism including all the abiotic and biotic factors. |
Exponential Growth | extreme rapid growth. |
Fundamental Niche | the tolerance range. |
Habitat | place where an organism lives. |
Limiting Factor | environmental constraints that limit the growth of an organism or population. |
Mortality | death rate. |
Natality | birth rate. |
Population | group of organisms of one species. |
Population Crash | occurs when the density of a population becomes so big that large numbers die in a short period of time. |
Realised Niche | the optimum range. |
Species | a classification group made up of a individuals that freely interbreed to produce fertile offspring. |
Stratification | vertical layers of plant species seen in forests. |
Survivorship Curve | a graph showing the number of survivors in a populationat various age intervals. |
Zonation | bands or zones of species distributions seen as a result of a gradient in some environmental factor. |
Allelopathy | production by a plant of a chemical that inhibits the growth of another species of plant. |
Commensalism | one member benefits from a relationship, the other is unaffected. |
Competition | occurs between two individuals/populations when resources become in short supply. |
Consumer | organisms that obtain their food and nutrients from other organisms. |
Decomposer | organisms that break down dead plant and animal material. |
Detritus feeders | animals that have adaptations to feeding no organic debris on/in the substrate. |
Energy Pyramid | display of the energy value of the biomass of organisms at different trophic levels. |
Exploitation | relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other benefits. |
Food chain | group of animals and plants linked together through feeding relationships. |
Food web | network of food chains. |
Interspecific competition | competiton between different species |
Intraspecific competition | competition between members of the same species |
Mutualism | a relationship between two organisms in which both benefit. |
Parasite | organisms that live on, and derive their food from, other living organisms. |
Parasitism | relationship in which one organism (the parasite) lives and feeds off another living organism (the host), so harming it. |
Predation | act in which animals (predators) kill other animals (prey). |
Predator | animals that kill and feed on other animals. |
Producer | plants: organisms that manufacture their own food. |
Primary Succession | development of a climax (mature) community from bare land that has not been inhabitated before. |
Secondary succession | development of a mature (climax) community from bare land that has previously been inhabitated |
Carbon cycle | the exchange of CO2 and O2 between plants and animals and the atmosphere during photosynthesis and respiration. |
Microhabitat | a very small, specialized habitat such as a clump of grass. |
Saprophyte | an organism that lives on dead organic matter. |
Symbiosis | close interaction between different species. |
Trophic level | position the organism occupies in the food web. |