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Level 2 Bio Ecology

Describe concepts and processes relating to ecology 90461 key words

Question	Answer
Abiotic Features	The non living features of an organisms environment.
Abundance	how much there is of something.
Adaptation	characteristics of organisms that improve their chances of survival.
Biotic Features	living features in a habitat or area.
Carry Capacity(K)	maximum size of population able to be sustained in an environment.
Community	populations of all the species in a particular area that interact.
Competitive Exclusion	same as Gause’s Principle
Density	population number divided by area of habitat.
Density Dependant	the effect depends upon the size of the population.
Density Independant	occurs independently of the size of the population.
Ecological Niche	the role or way of life of an organisom in its biological community
Ecosystem	all the communities and the physical environment in an area.
Environment	surroundings of an organism including all the abiotic and biotic factors.
Exponential Growth	extreme rapid growth.
Fundamental Niche	the tolerance range.
Habitat	place where an organism lives.
Limiting Factor	environmental constraints that limit the growth of an organism or population.
Mortality	death rate.
Natality	birth rate.
Population	group of organisms of one species.
Population Crash	occurs when the density of a population becomes so big that large numbers die in a short period of time.
Realised Niche	the optimum range.
Species	a classification group made up of a individuals that freely interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
Stratification	vertical layers of plant species seen in forests.
Survivorship Curve	a graph showing the number of survivors in a populationat various age intervals.
Zonation	bands or zones of species distributions seen as a result of a gradient in some environmental factor.
Allelopathy	production by a plant of a chemical that inhibits the growth of another species of plant.
Commensalism	one member benefits from a relationship, the other is unaffected.
Competition	occurs between two individuals/populations when resources become in short supply.
Consumer	organisms that obtain their food and nutrients from other organisms.
Decomposer	organisms that break down dead plant and animal material.
Detritus feeders	animals that have adaptations to feeding no organic debris on/in the substrate.
Energy Pyramid	display of the energy value of the biomass of organisms at different trophic levels.
Exploitation	relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other benefits.
Food chain	group of animals and plants linked together through feeding relationships.
Food web	network of food chains.
Interspecific competition	competiton between different species
Intraspecific competition	competition between members of the same species
Mutualism	a relationship between two organisms in which both benefit.
Parasite	organisms that live on, and derive their food from, other living organisms.
Parasitism	relationship in which one organism (the parasite) lives and feeds off another living organism (the host), so harming it.
Predation	act in which animals (predators) kill other animals (prey).
Predator	animals that kill and feed on other animals.
Producer	plants: organisms that manufacture their own food.
Primary Succession	development of a climax (mature) community from bare land that has not been inhabitated before.
Secondary succession	development of a mature (climax) community from bare land that has previously been inhabitated
Carbon cycle	the exchange of CO2 and O2 between plants and animals and the atmosphere during photosynthesis and respiration.
Microhabitat	a very small, specialized habitat such as a clump of grass.
Saprophyte	an organism that lives on dead organic matter.
Symbiosis	close interaction between different species.
Trophic level	position the organism occupies in the food web.

Created by:

Richard Edwards on 2011-07-23

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Level 2 Bio Ecology

Describe concepts and processes relating to ecology 90461 key words