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World 1 SOL Review
World 1 To 1500 SOL Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who emerged in East Africa between 100,000 - 400,000 years ago? | HOMO SAPIENS |
| Homo Sapiens ________________ from Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the Americas | MIGRATED |
| Early Humans were hunter gatherers whose survival depended on the availability of _______________ | WILD PLANTS AND ANIMALS |
| Paleolithic means... | OLD STONE AGE |
| Paleolithic people were nomadic in search of food, water and ___________ | SHELTER |
| Early Humans invented the first tools, simple weapons and learned how to make and use _________ | FIRE |
| Early Humans lived in ________, developed an __________ language and created ____________ art | CLANS / ORAL / CAVE |
| Societies during the Neolithic (New Stone Age) domesticated what two things? | PLANTS AND ANIMALS |
| Neolithic people used advanced tools, made pottery and developed ________________ skills | WEAVING |
| Who studies past culture by locating and analyzing human remains, settlements, fossils and artifacts | ARCHAEOLOGISTS |
| What is a scientific test used to date and analyze fossils and artifacts? | CARBON DATING |
| What is an example of an archaeological site in England started during the Neolithic and finished during the Bronze Age | STONEHENGE |
| What two cities are examples of early cities in the Fertile Crescent | ALEPPO AND JERICHO |
| What is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia? | CATALHOYUK |
| Which river valley civilization took place in the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley? | MESOPOTAMIAN |
| Which river valley civilization took place in the Nile River Valley and Nile Delta? | EGYPTIAN |
| Which river valley civilization took place in the Indus River Valley (South Asia) | INDIAN |
| Which river valley civilization took place in the Huang He Valley (East Asia) | CHINESE |
| River valleys offered rich __________ and irrigation ___________ | SOIL / WATER |
| The River valleys tended to be in locations easily protected from _______________ by nomads | INVASIONS |
| Who settled between the Mediterranean Sea and Jordon River and were ancestors of the Jews? | HEBREWS |
| Who settled along the Mediterranean coast and were known for trading on the sea and a first form of alphabet | PHOENICIANS |
| What civilization was located on the upper or southern Nile River in Africa? | NUBIAN |
| Most early civilizations had a rigid class system where ____________ was accepted but was not based on race. | SLAVERY |
| Early civilizations had hereditary rulers such as as kings or ______________ in Egypt | PHARAOHS |
| City-states, kingdoms and empires are all examples of the world's first ... | STATES |
| Centralized governments were often based on ___________________ authority. | RELIGIOUS |
| Early civilizations had law codes such as the Code of ____________________ or the _________________, a moral code that the Jews believe were given to Moses by God. | HAMMURABI / 10 COMMANDMENTS |
| The first two types of metal for tools and weapons were... | BRONZE and IRON |
| Most early civilizations believed in many gods or... | POLYTHEISM |
| The Hebrews were the first group of people to believe in only one God or... | MONOTHEISM |
| The founders of Judaism are considered to be both... | ABRAHAM AND MOSES |
| The holy city of Judaism is... | JERUSALEM |
| The written records and beliefs of the Jews is called the ... | TORAH (first 5 books of the Old Testament) |
| The Jewish people spread away from their homeland. This spreading out, which helped spread Judaism, was called | DIASPORA |
| When the Jews were being held captive as slaves by the Egyptians or others, this was known as being in | EXILE |
| The earliest written symbols are collectively known as ... | PICTOGRAMS |
| The writing of Ancient Egyptians is called... | HIEROGLYPHICS |
| The writing of Ancient Sumerians on clay tablets is called... | CUNEIFORM |
| Built on earlier central Asian and Mesopotamian civilizations, __________ developed the largest empire in the world | PERSIA |
| Persians believed in ______________ of their conquered people. They basically let people do their own thing. | TOLERANCE |
| The Persians constructed a huge _______________ system for trade and travel | ROAD |
| The religion of the Persians with a belief in two opposing forces in the universe was called.. | ZOROASTRIANISM |
| What two mountain ranges and one body of water made it difficult to invade the Indian Civilization | HINDU KUSH / HIMALAYAS / INDIAN OCEAN |
| The most important two rivers in the Indus River Valley were the ... | INDUS AND GANGES |
| The two most important cities in the Indus River Valley were ... | HARAPPA and MOHENJO-DARO |
| What group of people crossed into the Indian subcontinent from the North and brought in the Caste system, a social class system that would influence all social actions and occupations | ARYANS |
| Which Empire spread Buddhism with ASOKA, had free hospitals, good roads and veterinary clinics | MAURYAN |
| What was the Golden Age of the Indian Civilization that included setting of bones, concept of round earth, textiles and literature | GUPTA |
| What Indian religion has many forms of one God? | HINDUISM |
| What is rebirth based on karma? | REINCARNATION |
| What is knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences? | KHARMA |
| Hinduism was spread on trade routes and two of its holy texts are... | VEDAS and UPANISHADS |
| Who founded Buddhism? | SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA (BUDDHA) |
| Whose missionaries and writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia? | ASOKA |
| What is another name for the Huang He River? | YELLOW RIVER |
| Settlements from the North kept invading China so Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi built the... | GREAT WALL OF CHINA |
| The ________________ facilitated trade between China all the way to the Mediterranean | SILK ROAD |
| An organized system of hiring government workers was created in China. It was known as the... | CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM |
| The three main items of trade from China were... | PAPER, PORCELAIN AND SILK |
| What Chinese religion believed humans are good, respect for elders, ancestor worship and a code of politeness? | CONFUCIANISM |
| Another religion created in China was called ______________. It had a focus on nature,simple life, inner peace and humility. | DAOISM (TAOISM) |
| This symbol represents both the good and bad (dark and light) or the opposites for both Taoism and Buddhism. | YIN AND YANG |
| Which Classical civilization had the two city-states of Sparta and Athens? | GREECE |
| The Greeks had a shift from a barter economy to one that used | MONEY (COINS) |
| What physical feature both helped prevent invasion but also limited growth in ancient Greece? | MOUNTAINS |
| Greek Colonization was needed due to overpopulation and a need for ________________ land. | ARABLE (ABLE TO BE FARMED) |
| What was based on a polytheistic religion and offered explanations of natural phenomena, human qualities and life events? | MYTHOLOGY |
| Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena and Aphrodite are all examples of _____________________ who have become image used in Western literature, art and architecture. | GREEK GODS AND GODDESSES |
| A Greek city-state is known as a... | POLIS |
| Citizens were free adult males and had _______________ rights and responsibility of government participation | POLITICAL |
| Women, foreigners and _____________ had no political rights. | SLAVES |
| Athens had an evolution of different styles of government: From Monarchy to Aristocracy to Tyranny and finally a ... | DEMOCRACY |
| The two tyrant leaders who worked for reform in Athens were... | DRACO and SOLON |
| The origin of Democratic principles started in Greece such as a _____________ Democracy, public debate and duties of the citizen/ | DIRECT |
| Sparta was ruled by a small group called a _______________. It had a rigid social structure and were very militaristic. | OLIGARCHY |
| Which wars united Athens and Sparta a common enemy. | PERSIAN WARS |
| The Athenian victories over the Persians at the battles of _________________________ left the Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea | MARATHON and SALAMIS |
| In the Peloponnesian War Athens and Sparta fought each other. Athens formed the ___________ League while Sparta formed the ____________ Leage | DELIAN / PELOPONNESIAN |
| The Peloponnesian War left Greece politically weak and also saw a decline of _______________ | CULTURE |
| The Golden Age that took place between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars was dominated by this man. | PERICLES |
| Pericles extended democracy rebuilt Athens after the Persian Wars. The ___________________ is an example of this reconstruction. | PARTHENON |
| These two were known for Greek Drama. | AESCHYLUS and SOPHOCLES |
| This was the author of the Iliad and Odyssey | HOMER |
| The Two historians of Greece were... | HERODOTUS (the father of history) and THUCYDIDES |
| The sculptor of Ancient Greece was... | PHIDIAS |
| The three types of columns in Greece were Doric (Parthenon) Ionic and... | CORINTHIAN |
| The Scientists of Greece were... | ARCHIMEDES and HIPPOCRATES (Doctor oath) |
| The Mathematicians of Greece were... | EUCLID and PYTHAGORAS |
| The three philosophers were... | SOCRATES, PLATO and ARISTOTLE |
| Philip II of Macedon conquered most of ... | GREECE |
| Philip II had a son named______________ and he established Hellenistic culture (a blend of Greek and oriental elements) from Greece to India | ALEXANDER THE GREAT |
| Rome was centrally located in the ___________ Basin on the _____________ peninsula. | MEDITERRANEAN / ITALIAN |
| Rome was protected by the ________ mountain range and the __________________ Sea | ALPS / MEDITERRANEAN |
| Roman mythology was based on the __________ polytheistic religion | GREEK |
| Jupiter, Juno, Apollo, Diana, Minerva and Venus were all _________________ | ROMAN GODS AND GODDESSES |
| The Roman powerful nobility (although few in numbers) were the... | PATRICIANS |
| The majority of the people in Rome were known as the | PLEBEIANS |
| Citizenship, taxes, military services, etc., was only for selected foreigners and both Patrician and ____________ men | PLEBEIAN |
| Features of the Roman democracy included a ________________ democracy, assemblies, the Senate and consuls | REPRESENTATIVE |
| The laws of Rome were codified as the __________________________ | TWELVE TABLES |
| The wars that included Rome vs Carthage (both in competition for trade)were called the... | PUNIC WARS |
| Who crossed the Alps with his Elephants and invaded the Italian peninsula? | HANIBAL |
| How many wars were there in all?______ and who ended up the victor? | 3 / ROME |
| The _________________ Republic crossed Africa, Asia, Europe and the Hellenistic world of the Eastern Mediterranean. (Also Western Europe: Gaul and British Isles) | ROMAN |
| The decline of the Roman Republic was due to: A) spread of slavery in agricultural system B) Migration of farmers to citites C) Civil war over power of Julius Caesar D) Devaluation of Roman currency and inflation E) All of the Above | E) ALL OF THE ABOVE |
| The rule of three when Julius Caesar ruled, was also known as the first... | TRIUMVIRATE |
| What ultimately happened to Julius Caesar? | ASSASSINATION |
| Who defeated Marc Anthony in a civil war and became the first emperor of Rome? | AUGUSTUS CAESAR |
| Imperial Rome failed to provide for a peaceful succession of ... | EMPERORS |
| The two centuries of peace that existed in Rome was called the... | PAX ROMANA |
| The Peace of Rome established a uniform money system and guaranteed safe travel and trade on ... | ROMAN ROADS |
| Pax Romana returned stability to social classes and increased emphasis on the ... | FAMILY |
| Christianity had its roots in ... | JUDAISM |
| Christianity was led by Jesus of _________________ who was proclaimed the Messiah | NAZARETH |
| Christianity conflicted with the ____________ beliefs of the Roman Empire | POLYTHEISTIC |
| Christianity is monotheistic and sees Jesus as both the _______ and incarnation of God | SON |
| The _____________________ contains accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus and other early writings of early Christians | NEW TESTAMENT |
| Christianity was carried and spread by the _______________ including Paul | APOSTLES |
| The Emperor ________________ converted to Christianity and made it legal | CONSTANTINE |
| ______________ became the official state religion of Rome | CHRISTIANITY |
| Loyalty to the church became more important than loyalty to the ... | EMPEROR |
| The ______________ became the unifying force of the Western Europe. | CHURCH |
| Architecture of the Roman empire includes the Forum, Pantheon and the _______________ where the gladiators performed | COLOSSEUM |
| Roman technology included Roads, Arches and a way to carry water, ... | AQUEDUCTS |
| The Roman scientist was | PTOLEMY |
| The language of Rome was ____________ which is the basis of many romance languages. | LATIN |
| Rome had an emphasis on public health including, public baths, public water systems and schools for... | MEDICINE |
| The author, Virgil, wrote the... | AENEID |
| Innocent until proven guilty came from the law code known as the ... | TWELVE TABLES |
| The Roman empire declined because it was too _____________to maintain an army and the empire was too large. | EXPENSIVE |
| The Roman empire also declined because of moral decay, non-Roman soldiers, and_______________ along the borders | INVASIONS |
| Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it... | CONSTANTINOPLE |
| The Western Empire survived until 476 when it ceased to have an ... | EMPEROR |
| The Eastern Roman Empire was called the ... | BYZANTINE EMPIRE |
| Constantinople was protected on the Eastern frontier and was considered the crossroads of... | TRADE |
| Constantinople stayed the seat of Byzantine power until they were conquered by the ... | OTTOMANS |
| The most important Byzantine Emperor was... | JUSTINIAN |
| Justinian coded Roman law and had a reconquest of formerly held ____________ lands | ROMAN |
| Byzantine Icons were ____________ images. | RELIGIOUS |
| Small stones and titles or bits of glass put together to make a picture was called a... | MOSAIC |
| The Byzantine domed church in Constantinople was called the... | HAGIA SOPHIA |
| The language spoken in Byzantium was ... | GREEK |
| The religion in the Eastern Empire (Byzantium) was called | EASTERN or GREEK ORTHODOX |
| Greek and Roman knowledge was preserved in Byzantine... | LIBRARIES |
| The Roman Catholic Church was centered in _____________ and followed the authority of the ______________ | ROME / POPE |
| The Roman Catholic Church (Western Church) priests practiced ... | CELIBACY |
| The authority of the Orthodox church was the... | PATRIARCH |
| Byzantine trade routes existed between the Black and _____________ Seas | BALTIC |
| Russia adopted this type of Christianity. | ORTHODOX |
| St Cyril created the Cyrillic ____________ who was used for Slavic languages. | ALPHABET |
| ______________ is the prophet of Islam | MUHAMMAD |
| The two holy cities for Islam, located on the Arabian peninsula are... | MECCA and MEDINA |
| The holy book of Muslims (followers of Islam) | KORAN (QUR'AN) |
| The rules of Islam are called the... | 5 PILLARS |
| Muslims accept the Judeo-Christian _______________ including Jesus and Moses | PROPHETS |
| Islam experienced diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and ... | MEDINA |
| Islam spread and had a vast empire despite great distances, mountains and dry, empty ______________ environments. | DESERT |
| Islam spread easily due to the weakening of the Byzantine and ___________ Empires | PERSIAN |
| The language of the Islamic Empire was... | ARABIC |
| With the death of the caliph Ali, there was a division of followers. The Sunni and the... | SHI'A |
| The Muslims conquered Jerusalem in Palestine and ____________, in Syria | DAMASCUS |
| The Islamic capital was eventually moved to ____________ in present-day, Iraq | BAGHDAD |
| Baghdad fell to the ... | MONGOLS |
| Muslims were defeated by Charles Martel at the Battle of ... | TOURS |
| The _____________________ is a Muslim mosque located on the Temple Mount. | DOME OF THE ROCK |
| Arabic numbers were adapted from _____________ and included zero | INDIA |
| The Muslims were also experienced in Algebra and in the _____________ field. | MEDICAL |
| Early Medieval Society had __________ religious beliefs, Customs of Germanic Tribes and the Classical heritage of Rome | CHRISTIAN |
| What preserved Greco-Roman culture? | MONASTERIES |
| _____________ carried Christianity and the Latin alphabet to Germanic Tribes | MISSIONARIES |
| The Pope anointed _______________ emperor in 800AD | EMPEROR (HOLY ROMAN) |
| Parish ___________ served religious and social needs of people. | PRIESTS |
| The __________________ system was created because invasions shattered Roman protection over the Empire. | FEUDAL |
| The recipient of the land (fief) was known as the ... | VASSAL |
| Those tied to the land of the Manorial system were... | SERFS |
| The Manorial system consisted of a rigid class structure and self-sufficient ... | MANORS |
| The ______________ were the force in Western Europe. | FRANKS |
| Churches, roads and _______________ were built to unite the empire. | SCHOOLS |
| _______________ and _____________ migrated from continental Europe to England. | ANGLES / SAXONS |
| Magyars migrated from Central Asia to... | HUNGARY |
| The __________________ migrated from Scandinavia to Russia | VIKINGS |
| Manors with these fortified structures protected from invaders. | CASTLES |
| Invasions disrupted trade, towns declined and the feudal system was ... | Strengthened |
| The main trade route from Asia to Europe was the ... | SILK ROAD |
| Maritime routes existed across the ___________ Ocean | INDIAN |
| Trans-Saharan routes existed across... | North Africa |
| Trade existed in N. Europe with the Black Sea, and in Asia with the lands around the South __________ Sea. | CHINA |
| _____________ came from West Africa as well as Salt. | GOLD |
| ______________ to season food were from the Indian Ocean region | SPICES |
| Porcelain came from both China and ... | PERSIA |
| Textiles came from everywhere, while Amber came from the _____________ region. | BALTIC |
| Paper came from China to the ____________ world then to the rest of Europe | MUSLIM |
| Sugar crops came from... | INDIA |
| Waterwheels and ___________ came from the Middle East. | WINDMILLS |
| The Compass came from ______________ and the Lateen sail from ___________. | CHINA / INDIA |
| Buddhism spread from China to Korea and ________________ | JAPAN |
| Hinduism and Buddhism came from ______________ and moved to SE Asia | INDIA |
| Islam went into West Africa as well as Central and South East _______________ | ASIA |
| Printing and paper _____________ came from China. | MONEY |
| Japan has four main islands located on the not flat but, ______________ archipelago | MOUNTAINOUS |
| The Japanese call the body of water to their west, the Sea of Japan, but the Chinese call it the... | EAST SEA |
| Japan is very close to both China and _______________ | KOREA |
| Chinese influence on Japanese culture took the form of writing, ___________ and Buddhism. | ARCHITECTURE |
| _________________ was an ethnic religion, unique to Japan | SHINTO |
| Shintoism focuses on forces of ___________, natural features and ancestors. | NATURE |
| Shinto was a ___________ religion that coexisted with Buddhism. | STATE |
| Axum was a _________________ kingdom located to the East of the Nile River on the Ethiopian Highlands | CHRISTIAN |
| The Zambezi River was to the North and the Limpopo to the South, and the Indian Ocean to the East of ______________ | ZIMBABWE |
| The Capital of Zimbabwe was called ... | GREAT ZIMBABWE |
| Ghana was the first empire to have ________________ as its center of trade and learning. | TIMBUKTU |
| Mali was known for its ___________ trade. | GOLD |
| The Songhai was the largest of the three empires that existed along the ___________ River. | NIGER |
| A belief (in West African Kingdoms) that every living thing has a soul was called... | ANIMISM |
| The ___________ civilization was located in the Mexican and Central American Rainforest. | MAYAN |
| The Mayan Empire was ruled with kings over their city-states, the main capital city being... | CHICHEN ITZA |
| Mayan civilization was based on ______________ and trade. | AGRICULTURE |
| Aztecs, Mayans and Incans all believed in many gods, and most had monuments for worship (similar to the Egyptians) called... | PYRAMIDS |
| The Aztecs, located in central Mexico, were represented by the city... | TENOCHTITLAN |
| The Aztecs were ruled by an .. | EMPEROR |
| Their economy was based on agriculture and _____________ from conquered people. | TRIBUTE |
| The Aztec also had pyramids where they would preform religous _________________ | RITUALS |
| The Incan civilization was located in the _________ Mountains of S. America | ANDES |
| The Incan Empire was represetned by the city of ________________ and was ruled by an emperor. | MACHU PICCHU |
| Incan economy was based on High _____________ agriculture. | ALTITUDE |
| The Incan also had an extensive travel or _______ system. | ROAD |
| Collectively, The Aztec, Mayan and Incan achieved the creation of calendars, math, writing and ohter ____________________ systems. | RECORD KEEPING |
| William the Conqueror was the leader of the ___________ Conquest and united most of England. | NORMAN |
| Common Law had its start during the reign of... | HENRY II |
| King John signed the ______________ which limited the king's power. | MAGNA CARTA |
| The Hundred Years' War was fought over land between England and ________________ and helped define them as nations. | FRANCE |
| The ________________ grew more and more and its power would rival that of the king. | PARLIAMENT |
| _____________ established the French throne in Paris | HUGH CAPET |
| _____________ helped unify France, and eventually was burned at the stake. | JOAN OF ARC |
| In Spain, Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and kicked out the ______________ and _____________ | JEWS / MOORS |
| The Spanish Empire grew under ... | CHARLES V |
| In Russia, Ivan the Great threw off the rule of the ______________ | MONGOLS |
| Ivan the Great (the tsar) centralized power in the city of... | MOSCOW |
| The Orthodox Church influenced the unification of ... | RUSSIA |
| Pope Urban gave a _____________ on the need to reclaimg the holy lands. | SPEECH |
| The Crusaders lost Jerusalem to ... | SALADIN |
| Western Crusaders sacked the city of ... | CONSTANTINOPLE |
| The Crusades ended up weakening the Pop and nobles but strengthened the power of ... | MONARCHS |
| The Crusades also stimulated trade, weakend the Byzatine Empire and left the ___________ ______________ _______________ bitter. | CHRISTIANS /JEWS /MUSLIMS |
| The Mongol armies invaded Russia, China and Muslim states in Asia, _______________ cities and the countryside | DESTROYING |
| Constantinople fell to the _____________ Turks in 1453. | OTTOMAN |
| Constantinople (renamed Istanbul) became the capital of the... | OTTOMAN EMPIRE |
| The Black Death or the (_______________________) created a scarcity of labor due to a decline in population. | BUBONIC PLAGUE |
| After the Black Death, towns were freed from __________ obligations, the church's influence declined and it disrupted trade. | FEUDAL |
| Church scholars were some of the few people who could read or _________ | WRITE |
| Church scholars worked in _____________ and translated Greek and Arabic works into Latin. | MONASTERIES |
| Monks and other church scholars laid the foundation for the rise of higher education schools, or... | UNIVERSITIES |
| The Crusades increased the demand for _____________________ products. | MIDDLE EASTERN |
| The stimulated production of goods to trade in the Mid East encouraged the use of credit and ... | BANKING |
| The church did not like the merchants' use of ... | USURY |
| The practice of usury, helped secularize northern... | ITALY |
| Letters of credit expanded the supply of money, new accounting and bookkeeping practices were introduced such as the use of ______________ numerals. | ARABIC |
| The Italian cities of Florence, Venice and Genoa served as centers of ... | TRADE |
| The Italian cities of Florence, Venice were initially independent ______________ goverened as republics. | CITY-STATES |
| Machiavelli authored the book called, | THE PRINCE |
| The book, THE PRINCE, supports absolute power of the ruler, was an early modern treatise on government, and advises one should be able to do _____________ when necessary. | EVIL |
| Medieval art and literature focused on the __________ and salvation | CHURCH |
| Renaissance art and literature focused more on individuals and ... | WORLDY MATTERS |
| Leonardo Da Vinci created the paintings called... | THE LAST SUPPER / THE MONA LISA |
| The artist, Michelangelo carved the statue of ___________ and painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. | DAVID |
| What celebrated the individual? | HUMANISM |
| Humanism stimulated the study of classical Greek and Roman culture and was supported by wealthy... | PATRONS |
| Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported ... | the NORTHERN RENAISSANCE |
| Renaissance thinkers merged ideas with those of Humanism and ... | CHRISTIANITY |
| Gutenberg created movable type ______________ and helped spread ideas such as the Gutenberg Bible. | PRINTING PRESS |
| Erasmus, the Renaissance humanist, wrote the book_____________________ in 1511AD | THE PRAISE OF FOLLY |
| The book,UTOPIA, was written in 1516 by... | SIR THOMAS MORE |
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