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psych chapter 18
yeee
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social psychology | the scientific study of how we think about, influence and rlate to one another |
| attribtion theory | the theory that we tend to give a casual explaanation for someone's behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition |
| fundamental attribution error | the tendency for observers when analzing another's behavior; to underestimate the impact of the sitation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition |
| attitude | a belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to obecjts, people and events. |
| role | a set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. |
| conformity | adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with group standards. SOLOMAN ASH. |
| foot in the door phenomenom | the tendency for people who havefirst agreed to a msall request to comply later with a larger request. SCHIEN |
| cognitive dissonance theory | the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our toughts are inconsistance. for example whjen we become aware that are attitudes and our actions dclash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. LEON FESTING |
| norm | influence resulting from a paersons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. |
| informational social influence | influences resulting from on'es willingness to accept others opinions about reality. ROBERT BARON |
| social facilitation | imrpoved performance of the tasks in the presence of othes; occurs with simple or well learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered. |
| social loafting | the tendency for people in a gorup to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. |
| group polarization | the enhancement of a gorup's prevailing attitudes through discussion within the group GEORGE BISHOP |
| deindividuation | the loss of self-awareness and slef-restraint occuring in group sitatuations that foster arousal and anonymity. |
| groupthink | the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making roup overrides a realistic appraisal of altrenatives. IRVING JANIS |
| culture | the enduring behavirs, ideas and attidues and traditions hared by a large gourp of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. |
| personal space | the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies SUMMER |
| gender role | a set of expected behabiors for males and for females ACOCK AND DEMO |
| prejudice | an unjustificble and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members. prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings and a predispoistion to discriminatory action |
| stereotype | a generalized often overgeneralized belief abouta group of people |
| ingroup bias | the tendency to favor one's own group TAJLED. |
| scapegoat theory | the theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame CLADNIT AND RICHARDSON |
| just-world phenomenom | the tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get LERNER |
| aggression | any phsyical or verbal behavior intened to hurt or destroy RAIN AND RUSHTOR |
| frustration-aggression principle | the principle that frustration the blocking oa n attempt to achieve some goal creates anger, which can generate aggression ANDERSON. |
| conflict | a perceived incompatability of achtions, goals or ideas. |
| social trap | a situation in which the conflicting parties by eahc rationally pursuing their self interestt become caugght in mutuall destructive behavior. |
| mere exposure effect | the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. BORSTEIN. |
| passionate love | an aroused state of intense psoiitive absoprtion in another usuall pessent at the beginnign of a love relationship |
| companionate love | the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined ELLEN BERSCHEIC |
| equity | a condition in which people receieve from a relationship in proportion to waht they give to it.GRAYLITTLE and BURKS |
| self-disclosure | revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others COLLINS AND MILLER |
| altruism | unselfish regard for the welfare of others DARLY AND LATINE |
| bystander effect | the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present DARLY, LATINE, EAGLY AND CROWLY. |
| social exchange theory | the theory that our social behavior is an exchange profess the aim of which is to maximaizethe benefits and minize the costs HODGKINSON AND WERTZMAN |
| superordinate goals | shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation SSAM VAL GAETHER |
| GRIT | graduated and reciprocated initatives in tension reduction a strategy designed to decrease international tensions. |
| Normative social influence | infleunce resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid dispaporval...marco lokar |
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lilee256