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Tides

Chapter 9: Tides

TermDefinition
Tide periodic rise & fall of ocean resulting from gravitational interactions of moon, sun, & earth
Tidal range difference between high & low tide water lines
Ebb flow Seaward tidal flow from high to low tide
Flood flow Landward tidal flow from low to high tide
Slack water Time of no flow between ebb and flood
Diurnal tide one high & one low tide are experienced each day
Semidiurnal tide two high & two low tides of approximately equal altitudes occur daily
Mixed tide two strongly unequal high & low tides occur daily
Spring tide tide occurring twice a month in which greatest tidal range is experienced (occurs during new & full moon)
Neap tide tide occurring twice a month when the tidal range is the smallest
Microtidal coast with <2m tidal range
Mesotidal Type of coast with 2-4m tidal range
Macrotidal Type of coast w/ >4m tidal range
Gravitational force force of attraction between masses
Centrifugal force An apparent "center-fleeing force" felt by objects experiencing uniform circular motion as a result of inertial resistance to centripetal acceleration
Coriolis force Apparent force caused by rotation of the earth, responsible for the deflection of surface currents to the right in the northern hemisphere & to the left in southern hemisphere
Equilibrium theory of tide formation Two tidal bulges are produced on opposite sides of the earth; the bulge facing the moon is produced largely by the moon's gravitational effect, whereas the bulge on the opposite side is produced by centripetal acceleration (centrifugal force)
Apogee when distance between the moon & the earth is 407,000km; causes slightly lower tides
Perigee when distance between the moon & the earth is 357,000km; causes higher tides
Equinoxes Sept. 21, March 21. Spring tides are highest b/c moon, earth, and sun are in straight line
Solstices June 21, Dec. 21; spring tides are lower b/c moon, earth, and sun are NOT aligned
Perihelon Location of sun during winter (for northern hemisphere); 148,500,000km from earth
Aphelion location of sun during summer (for northern hemisphere); 152,200,000km from earth
Amphidromic system Region under the influence of a single rotating kelvin wave
Amphidromic point Nodal point around which the kelvin wave rotates
Cotidal lines lines connecting points experiencing high tide at the same time
Corange lines lines connecting points having the same tidal range
Harmonic method of tide prediction The observed tide is produced from a number of components (partial tides) having a given period, amplitude, & phase that can be represented by a sine wave
M2 Principal lunar tidal component (12.42 hrs)
S2 Principal solar tidal component (12.00 hrs)
K1 Luni-solar diurnal tidal component (11.00 hrs)
Created by: RCHS
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