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Medical Terminology
4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Interictal | The period between seizures or convulsions that are characteristic of epilepsy. This state corresponds to more than 99% of their life. EEG discharges during this state are those abnormal waveforms not associated with seizure symptoms. |
| Ictal | A physiologic state or event such as a seizure, stroke or headache. In EEG, the recording during an actual seizure is said to be this. |
| Post-Ictal | The state shortly after the event. |
| Aura | A telltale perceptual disturbance experienced before a headache or seizure, often manifests as the perception of a strange light, an unpleasant smell or confusing thoughts or experiences. |
| Somatosensory | Pertaining to sensations that involve parts of the body not associated with the primary sense organs. Usually takes place in the form of numbness and tingling (like 'pins and needles'). |
| Automatisms | Brief unconscious behaviors. These typically last for several seconds to minutes or sometimes longer, a time during which the subject is unaware of his/her actions. These often occur in CP seizures or temporal lobe epilepsy. Could also be med side effect. |
| Aphasia | The inability to understand or express language. It ranges from having difficulty remembering words to being completely unable to speak, read, or write. |
| Per OS | By or through the mouth, denoting a method of delivering medication. |
| Titration | Incremental increase in drug dosage to a level that provides the optimal therapeutic effect. |
| DOC | Drug of Choice |
| Adjunctive Therapy | Not DOC. Used in addition to DOC to assist tx. |
| Cryptogenic | Refers to something of obscure or unknown origin. |
| Glial Cells (Neuroglia or Glia) | Greek for "glue." Non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain and for neurons in other parts of the nervous system, such as in the autonomic nervous system. |
| Superior | Above |
| Inferior | Below |
| Anterior / Ventral | Front |
| Posterior / Dorsal | Back |
| Cranial | Toward Head |
| Caudial | Toward Tailbone |
| Central | Toward Trunk |
| Peripheral | Toward Extremities |
| Medial | Toward Midline |
| Lateral | Toward Sides |
| Inner Aspect | Inside |
| Supine | Lying on Back, Face Up |
| Prone | Lying on Abdomen |
| Deep | Away from Surface |
| Superficial | Toward Surface |
| Proximal | Toward Structure Orgin |
| Distal | Away from Structure Orgin |
| Efferent | Conducting away from Structure |
| Afferent | Conducting Toward Structure |
| 1st Set of Spinal Region | Cervical - 7 |
| 2nd Set of Spinal Region | Thoracic - 12 |
| 3rd Set of Spinal Region | Lumbar - 5 |
| 4th Set of Spinal Region | Sacral - 5 |
| 5th Set of Spinal Region | Coccygeal - 1 |
| Athro | Fatty Plaque |
| Auro / Oto | Ear |
| Chiro | Hand |
| Chioro | Green |
| Cholecysto | Gallbladder |
| Chole | Bile / Gall |
| Chondro | Cartilage |
| Chromo | Color |
| Corono | Heart |
| Costo | Rib |
| Cyano | Blue |
| Dactylo | Fingers / Toes |
| Dipso | Thirst |
| Diplo | Double |
| Entero | Small Intestine |
| Eosino | Red / Rosey |
| Erythro | Red |
| Pyo | Puss |
| Glauco | Grey |
| Reno | Kidney |
| Hepato | Liver |
| Septo | Wall |
| Spondylo | Vertebrae |
| Histo | Tissue |
| Iso | Equal |
| Karyo | Nucleus |
| Leuko | White |
| Litho | Stone / Mineral Concretion (Calculus) |
| Melano | Black |
| Meningo | Membrane |
| Myelo | Bone Marrow |
| Myo | Muscle |
| Mephro | Kidney |
| Oligo | Scanty (Small or insufficient in quantity or amount.) |
| Protal | Liver |
| Angina | Chest Pain |
| Atrophy | Without Development |
| Agenesis | Without Formation |
| Anencephalia | Without a Brain |
| Epigastric | Upon Stomach |
| Epicardium | Upon Heart |
| Epineural | Upon Nerve |
| Epicranium | Upon Scull |
| Dyspnea / Dyspned | Difficult Breathing |
| Dysphagia | Difficult Eating |
| Dyspepsia | Difficult Digesting |
| Dysmenorrhea | Difficult / Painful Period |
| Pnea | To Breathe |
| Tachypnea | Fast Breathing |
| Apnea | Lack of Breathing |
| Bradypnea | Slow Breathing |
| Carditis | Inflammation of Heart |
| Cardialgia | Pain in Heart |
| Dermatitis | Inflammation of Skin |
| Dermatome | Instrument used in Cutting Skin. |
| Dermatosis | Abnormality of the Skin. |
| Dermatopathy | Disease of Skin. |
| Adenectomy | Removal |
| Arthromalacia | Softening of Joint |
| ASA | Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) |
| Bx | Biopsy |
| Cap | Capsule |
| C/O | Complaining Of |
| D/C | Discontinue |
| Dx | Diagnosis |
| HA | Headache |
| hr | Hour |
| Hx | History |
| NPO | Nothing by Mouth |
| N&V | Nausea and Vomiting |
| od | Right Eye |
| os | Left Eye |
| ou | Both Eyes |
| Ped | Pediatrics |
| PI | Present Illness |
| po | By Mouth / Orally |
| Prog | Prognosis |
| Pt | Patient |
| R/O | Rule Out |
| Rx | Prescription |
| stat | Immediately |
| Sx | Symptoms |
| tab | Tablet |
| temp | Temperature |
| Tx | Treatment |
| URI | Upper Respritory Infection |
| UTI | Urinary Tract Infection |
| am | Before Noon |
| pm | After Noon |
| āc | Before Meals |
| bid | Twice Daily |
| hs | At Bedtime |
| p.c. | After Meals |
| qd | Every Day |
| qhs | Every Night |
| QNS | Quantity Not Sufficient |
| qid | Four Times a Day |
| tid | Three Times a Day |
| ad lib | As Desired |
| ā | Before |
| B/O | Because Of |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| ŝ | Without |
| q | Every |
| ♀ | Female |
| ♂ | Male |
| ss | One Half |
| ĉ | With |
| q2h | Every 2 Hours |
| AMA | Against Medical Advice |
| A&W | Alive and Well |
| AD | Admitting Diagnosis |
| ADL | Activities of Daily Living |
| AKA | Above the Knee Amputation |
| Bil(at) | Bilateral |
| CA | Cancer, Carcinoma |
| CC | Chief Complaint; Complications and CoMorbidities |
| CP | Chest Pain |
| CPAP | Continuous (Constant) Positive Airway Pressure |
| CVD | Cardiovascular Disease |
| DD | Differential Diagnosis |
| EGA | Estimated Gestational Age |
| FTT | Failure to Thrive |
| F/O | Followup |
| HEENT | Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat |
| H&N | Head and Neck |
| H&P | History and Physical |
| h/o | History Of |
| K | Potassium |
| MAOI | Monamine Oxidase Inhibitor |
| MR | Magnetic Resonance; Medical Records; Mental Retardation |
| MSW | Master of Social Work |
| NOS | Not Otherwise Specified; No Organisms Seen |
| NVD | Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea |
| OC | Oral Contraceptive |
| pr | Per Rectum |
| PRN | Pro Re Nata (As Needed / Necessary) |
| qod | Every Other Day |
| SOB | Shortness of Breath |
| VS | Vital Signs |
| w/c | Wheelchair |
| w/u | Workup |
| 1° | Primary |
| 2° | Secondary |
| Hypertension | Elevated bp |
| Hypotension | Low bp |
| Occlusion | Closure or a blockage. Blockage or obstruction of a blood vessel. |
| Thrombus | Stationary blood clot. |
| Embolus | Moving blood clot. |
| Ischemia | Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply usually do to obstruction or spasm in vessel. |
| Infraction (Infarct) | Area of necrotic (dead) tissue due to deficit of blood supply to the area. |
| Aneurysm | Local widening of an artery. |
| Anastomosis (Collateral Circulation) | A connection between blood vessels that is not usually there. |
| Atherosclerosis | An accumulation of lipid/plaque deposits on a vessel wall. |
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Blockage of this artery usually leads to atherosclerosis. |
| Angina Pectoris | Episodic chest pain due to temporary differences between supply and demand of 02 to heart muscle. |
| Congestive Heart Failure | Inability of the heart to pump required amount of blood. |
| Cardiovascular Accident (CVA) | Damage to brain secondary to blood vessel occlusion. |
| Subaracnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) | Bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the Arachnoid membrane and the Pia mater surrounding the brain. This may occur spontaneously, usually from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm, or may result from head injury. |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | Occurrence of chronic bronchitis or emphysema, a pair of commonly co-existing diseases of the lungs in which the airways become narrowed. |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | Commonly known as a heart attack. Results from the interruption of blood supply to a part of the heart, causing heart cells to die. This is most commonly due to occlusion of a coronary artery following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. |
| PCO2 | Pressure of Carbon Dioxide. |
| CNIM | Clinical Neuro Interoperative Monitoring. |
| Convulsion | Alteration of body posture. |
| Epilepsy | Reoccurant szs. |
| Seizures | A treatable cause that produces neurons to misfire on 1 or more occasions. |
| Isoelectric | A flat EEG record. |
| Ancillary | Providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, institution, industry, or system. |
| Hypoxia | A pathological condition in which the body as a whole or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. |
| ± | "Plus or Minus" or "Positive or Negative." |
| HIE | Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. |
| Dysmaturity | The gap between the actual postmenstrual age and the patient’s age suggested by their EEG characteristics is physiologic evidence. |
| Hematoma | A localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually in liquid form within the tissue. |
| Ecchymosis | The spread of blood under the skin in a thin layer, commonly called a bruise. |
| Hemangioma | An abnormal build up of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs. |
| Abscess | A collection of pus (neutrophils) accumulated in a cavity in response to either an infectious process (usually caused by bacteria or parasites) or other foreign materials (splinters, etc) to prevent the spread of infectious materials. |
| Infarction | Refers to tissue death (necrosis) caused by an obstruction of the tissue's blood supply, which leads to a local lack of oxygen. |
| Infarct | The resulting lesion from tissue death (necrosis) caused by an obstruction of the tissue's blood supply. |
| Intractable | Difficult - Describing high complexity, which makes it difficult to change, manipulate, or resolve an issue. |
| Prototype | An early sample or model built to test a concept or process or to act as a thing to be replicated or learned from. |
| Adjacent | Being in close proximity. Having a common endpoint or border. May or may not imply contact but always implies absence of anything of the same kind in between. |
| qv | As much as you will — used in writing prescriptions. |
| Refractory | To be resistant to treatment or cure. |
| ∆ | Change |
| rxn | Reaction |
| Overt | Done or shown openly; plainly or readily apparent, not secret or hidden. |
| Intubation (Entubation) | Insertion of a tube into an external or internal orifice of the body for the purpose of adding or removing fluids. This term is often considered synonymous with tracheal, but may reference inserting a tube into the gastrointestinal tract, etc. |
| р | After |
| Flaccid | Soft and hanging loosely or limply. |
| Decerebrate Posture | An abnormal body posture involving arms and legs held straight out, toes pointed downward, and the head and neck arched backwards. The muscles are tightened and held rigidly. This usually means there has been severe damage to the brain. |
| Decortication | Relating to an animal that has had the cortex of the brain removed or separated. |
| Asphyxiated | Death by air deprivation. |
| Hypoxic | Oxygen deficiency causing a very strong drive to correct the deficiency. |
| Necrosis | The death of a cell or group of cells in contact with living tissue. |
| Kernicterus | An abnormal accumulation of bile pigment in the brain and other nerve tissue; causes yellow staining and tissue damage. |
| Opisthotonos | A condition in which the body is held in an abnormal position. The person is usually rigid and arches the back, with the head thrown backward. |
| Pallor | Reduced amount of oxyhaemoglobin in skin or mucous membrane, a pale color which can be caused by illness, emotional shock or stress, stimulant use, or anemia. More evident on the face and palms. An unhealthy pale appearance. |
| Dysplasia | An abnormality of development. |
| Edema (Dropsy or Hydropsy) | An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, which are locations beneath the skin or in one or more cavities of the body. It is clinically shown as swelling. |
| Peri- | “About” or “around” (perimeter, periscope), “enclosing” or “surrounding” (pericardium), and “near” (perigee, perihelion). |
| Paraplegia | Paralysis of the lower limbs and may include trunk. |
| Ballism | Violent, flinging, shaking or jerking movements of the extremities. |
| Athetosis | Slow, worm-like writhing movement, especially in hands and fingers. |
| Chorea | Quick explosive purposeless movements. |
| Choreoathetosis | Both Chorea and athetosis. |
| Dystonia | Abnormal posture from twisting movements, usually limbs and trunk. |
| Paresis | Partial paralysis. |
| Torpor | No response to normal stimuli; numbness. |
| Dysrhythmia | Difficult rhythm. |
| Eupnea | Normal breathing. |
| Astatic | Unstable. |
| Pyknos | Crowding (many per hour in sz condition). |
| Parenterally | Introduction of nutrition, a medication, or other substance into the body via a route other than the mouth, especially via infusion, injection or implantation. |
| Sanatize | Reducing the number of microorganisms that are on a properly cleaned surface to a safe level. It is accomplished by using either heat, radiation, or chemicals. |
| Congenital | Present from birth. |
| Micturition | Urination |
| Fossa | A small longitudinal cavity or depression, as in a bone. |
| Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) | Aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a given phenomenon. |
| Brain Attack | Stroke, TIA |
| Toxic | Poisonous - pertaining to something introduced into the body or developed within the body as part of a disease process. |
| Diplopia | Double Vision |
| Eosinophil | White blood cell count (determines infection, allergic diseases, and other medical conditions). |
| Dysuria | Painful urination. |
| Prophylaxis | Action taken to prevent disease, esp. by specified means or against a specified disease. |
| ۸ | Approximately |
| ? | Questionable |
Created by:
kmburg5840
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