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Chapter 5 A/P
Chpt 5 Human Anatomy/Physiology review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acidosis | A dangerous condition in which the pH of the blood is abnormally low (acidic) |
| Alkalosis | A dangerous condition in which the ph of the blood is abnormally high (alkaline) |
| Alveoli | Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place |
| Anabolism | A constructive process by which the body converts simple compounds into complex substances needed to carry out the cellular activities of the body |
| Anatomic position | The position of standing erect,arms at the side,with eyes and palms facing forward.In describing the direction or the location of a given point of the the body, medical personnel normally refer to the body as if the pt were in the anatomic position |
| Anatomy | The structure of an organism or the science of the structural composition of living organisms. In humans, the structural composition of the body |
| Anterior | Pertaining to or referring to the front of the body; also called ventral |
| Avascular | Without blood or lymph vessels |
| Axons | Threadlike fibers that carry messages away from the nerve cell body |
| Body cavities | Large, hallow spaces in the body that house the various organs |
| Body plane | A flat surface resulting from a real or imaginary cut through a body in the normal anatomic position |
| Bursae (singular - Bursa) | Small synovial fluid-filled sacs in the vicinity of joints; they ease friction between joint parts or tendons and bone |
| Cartilage | A type of hard, nonvascular connective tissue |
| Catabolism | The process by which complex substances are broken down into simple ones, including the digestion of food |
| Diaphragm | The down-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity |
| Distal | Farthest from the center of the body, origin, or point of attachment |
| Dorsal | Posterior or pertaining to the back |
| Endocrine glands | Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream |
| Exocrine glands | Glands that secrete substances through ducts |
| Frontal plane | Divides the body vertically into front and back portions; also called coronal plane |
| Gametes | Sex cells |
| Hemopoiesis | Production and development of blood cells and other formed elements, normally in the bone marrow |
| Homeostasis | The "steady state" (state of equilibrium or balance)of the internal environment of the body, which is maintained through feedback and regualtion in response to internal and external changes |
| Hormones | Powerful chemical substances that affect many body processes |
| Meninges | Three layers of connective tissue that enclose the spinal cavity |
| Metabolism | The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions necessary to sustain life |
| Mitosis | A type of cell duplication that involves DNA doubling and cell division |
| Nephron | The microscopic functional unit of the kidneys |
| Neuron | The fundamental working unit of the nervous system |
| Phalanges (singular - phalanx) | Bones of the fingers or toes |
| Physiology | The function of an organism or the science of the functions of living organisms |
| Pituitary gland | Endocrine gland, under the control of the hypothalamus, which secretes hormones that control other glands; sometimes called the master gland |
| Proximal | Nearest to the center of the body or point of attachment |
| Sagittal plane | The plane that divides the body vertically into right and left portions |
| Supine/supination | Lying on the back with the face up - The condition of being supine or the act of turning the body or body part face up |
| Surfactant | A substance that coats the walls of the alveoli, lowering the surface tension and helping to keep the alveoli inflated |
| Synovial fluid | Viscid (sticky), colorless fulid found in joint cavities |
| Transverse plane | The plane that divides the body horizonatally into equal upper and lower portions |
| Ventral cavities | Internal spaces located in the front |
| Prone/pronation | Lying face down - The condition of being prone, or the act of turning the body or body part face down |
| Human anatomy deals with | structural compostion of the body |
| A perosn who is standing erect with arms at the side and eyes and palms facing foward is said to be in the | anatomical position |
| Pronation of the hand is the act of | turning the hand palm down |
| Which body plane divides the body into equal portions | Midsagittal |
| When you are facing someone in normal anatomical positon, at which body pane are you looking | Frontal |
| Which body plane divides the body into upppe and lower portions | Transverse |
| Which of the following is a true statemnet | The big toe is on the medial side of the foot |
| Which of these statements is true | The abdominal cavity is inferior to the diaphragm |
| The term distal means | Farthest from the point of attchment |
| The plantar surface of the foot is the | sole or bottom |
| An example of a dorsal body cavity is the | spinal cavity |
| The heart and lungs are located in the body cavity | Thoracic |
| Which body cavities are separted by the diaphragm | abdominal and thoracic |
| Simple compound are transformed by the body into complex substances in the process called | anabolism |
| This term describes the balanced or steady state condition normally maintained by the body | Homeostasis |
| The result of all chemical and physical reactions in the body that are necessary to sustain life is called | medabolism |
| Human chromosomes are | strands of deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Which one of the following cellular structures play a role in assembling proteins from amino acids | Ribosome |
| The cellular structure contains the chromosomes and is called the command center of the cell | Nucleus |
| This are oval or rod shaped organelles that play a role in energy production | Mitochondria |
| Which of the following is adipose tissue | fat |
| The skeletal system produces | blood cells |
| Which of the following is a disorder associated with the skeletal system | Osteochondritis |
| Which of the following laboratory tests is associated with the skeletal system | Alkaline phosphatase |
| Skeletal system structures include | phalanges |
| Which of the following bones are categorizeed as short bones | Carpals |
| Which of the following is one way muscle type is determined | Nervous control |
| Which of the following is an abbreviation for a test that is associated with the muscular system | CK - Creatine kinase |
| Wasting or decrease in size of a muscle because of inactivity is called | atrophy |
| Which type of muscle is under voluntary nervous control | Skeletal |
| Which of the following is a function of the muscular system | Maintenance of posture |
| The skin layers or structures are identified by numbers 1,2 and 3 | epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous |
| Which of the following is a function of the skin | Temperature regulation |
| Which skin structure give rise to fingerprints | Papillae |
| Blood vessels of the skin are found only in the | Corium (dermia) and subcutaneous tissue |
| Which of the following tests is often associated with the integumnetary system | Fungal culture |
| Mitosis takes place in this skin structure | stratum germinativum |
| Which of the following is an integumentary system disorder | impetigo |
| This skin layer is avascular | epidermis |
| The integumnetary system produces | melanin |
| Cells in this skin structure can be described as stratified and keratinzed epithelial cells | epidermis |
| The brain and spinal cord comprisse the | central nervous system |
| Which of the following is a nervous system test | CSF - cerebospinal fluild analysis |
| The structure of a motor neuron | dendrites, cell body, cell nucleus and axon |
| Which of the following is a nervous system disorder | encephalitis |
| The spinal cavity is enclosed and protected by three layers of connective tussue called | meninges |
| Which of the following structures belong in the peripheral nervous system | afferent nerves |
| The fundamental units of the nervous system are the | neurons |
| This disorder involves destruction of the myelin sheath of nerves | Multiple sclerosis |
| Which of the following glands is an integumentary system structure | Sebaceous |
| Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the | kidneys |
| Excessive growth hormone in adulthood can cause | acromegaly |
| A disorder in which the pancreas is unable to produce insulin is | diabetes I |
| Although they are not glands these body structures secrete a hormone called b type natriuretic peptide (BNP) | Ventricles |
| The glands in order | hypophysis(pituitary), thyroid, thymus, and adrenals |
| T4 and TSH are abbreviations for tests that measure the function of the | thyroid |
| This gland is called the master gland of the endocrine system | Pituitary |
| Growth hormone (GH) levels test the function of the | Pituitary |
| Which of the following substances is secreted by the islets of Langerhans | glucagon |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is also called | vasopressin |
| This gland produces fight or flight hormones | adrenal |
| Calcitonin levels test the function of the | thyroid |
| Which gland is most active before birth and during childhood | thymus |
| This gland is affected by light and helps create the diurnal rhythm of the sleep wake cycle | pineal |
| This hormone increase metabolism | thyroxine |
| Which of the following structures is part of the digestive system | gallbaldder |
| Which of the following is a test of a degestive system organ | bilirubin |
| Hepatitis is a disorder that primarily affects the | liver |
| Bile is stored in the | gallbladder |
| Diagnostic test of the digestive system include | amylase and lipase |
| Digestive system structures include the | esophagus and salvary glands |
| Reproductive system functions include production of | gametes |
| Which of the following is a structure of the make reproductive systme | epididymis |
| What of the following is an abbreviataion for a test of the male but not the female reprodcutive system | PSA - prostate specific antigen |
| Which of the following are male gametes | sperm |
| Female gametes are producted in the | ovaries |
| Which of the following is an abbreviation for a female reproductive system test | FSH - follicle stimulating hormone |
| Which of the following is a structure of the female reproductive system | Oviduct |
| This disease is associated with the reproductive system | Gonorrhea |
| Which of the following is a urinary system test | creatinine clearance |
| Which of the following are urinary system structures | glomeruli, nephrons, ureters |
| Which of the following is a function of the urinary system | electrolyte balance |
| Which of the following is normally a urinary system disorder | cystitis |
| This substance, secreted by the kidney, plays a role in increasing blood pressure | Renin |
| These tufts of capillaries are the filtering components of the urinary system | glormeruli |
| Which of the following is an abbreviation for respiratory system test | ABG - arterial blood gase |
| During internal respiration | oxygen enters the cells in the tissue |
| During normal respiratory function, bicarbonate ion acts as a buffer to keep blood pH within a steady range of | 7.35 to 7.45 |
| Acidosis can result from | increased blood pH leves |
| The ability of oxgen to combine with this substance in the red blood cells increases by up to 70 times the amount of oxygen that can tbe carried in the blood | hemoglobin |
| A major cause of respiratory distress in infants and young children is | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
| Which of the following are rspiratory system structures | Bronchioles, epiglottis, pleura |
| The exchange of 02 and CO2 in the lungs takes place in the | alveoli |
| Decrease partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)in the capillaries of the tissues causes | oxygen to disassociate from hemoglobin |
| Infant respiraatory distress syndrome (IRDS) in premature infants is most often caused by a lack of | surfactant |
| This is the abbreviation for a respiratory system disorder caused by an acid fast bacillus | Tuberculosis (TB) |
| A person is having difficulty breathing. The team used to describe this condition is | dyspnea |
| Which body system controls and coordinates the activities of all the other body systems | nervous |
| Elimination of waste products is a functins of this body system | digestive |
| The medical term for elevated blood sugar is | hyperglycemia |
| This body system is responsible fo releasing hormones directly into the bloodstream | endocrine |
| Pancreatitis is a disorder of this system | digestive |
| Powerful chemical subsdtances secreted directly into the bloodstream by certain glands are called | hormones |
| Hematopoiesis is a function of the body system | skeletal |
Created by:
mmfleischer