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Fund of Disease ch 2
Immunity & the Lymphatic System, Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Immunity is the | ability of the body to defend itself against infectious agents, foreign cells, and cancer cells |
| Antigen is | any foreign protein (bacteria, virus, fungi, toxins, allergens, etc) that trigger an immune response |
| Inflammation occurs | whenever there is trauma |
| Trauma is | any wound or injury |
| Examples of Trauma include: | 1.Abrasion(superficial mechanical damage to the skin AKA scrape) 2.Excoriation(superficial chemical damage to the skin) 3.Contusion(bleeding under the skin, bruise) 4.Laceration(tissue that is cut, ripped or torn) 5.FX(fracture) 6.Infection |
| Examples of Trauma con't. | 7.Avulsion(tearing any part of the body away from the whole) 8.Allergic reaction |
| Damage caused by trauma stimulates the release of a chemical that initiates the inflammatory response called | histamine |
| Signs & symptoms of an inflammatory response include: | 1.Erythema(redness 2.Inflammatory exudate(swelling AKA edema) 3.Pain 4.Warmth 5.Pruritus(itching) |
| Why does the body respond to trauma in this fastion | The more fluid that is brought to the traumatized area(hyperemia) the faster the healing will occur |
| Suppurative, pyogenic, purulent, and abcess all refer to | Pus |
| Pus is primarily made up of | necrosed(dead) leukocytes(white blood cells) |
| Leukocytes (WBCs) include: | Monocytes(phagocytic) Neutrophils(phagocytic) Eosinophils(allergies) Lymphocytes(produce antibodies) Basophis(release histamine) |
| An allergy is | a normal response to an antigen |
| An unusal or exaggerated allergic response to an antigen is called | Anaphylaxis(Anaphylactic shock) |
| An autoimmune disease occurs when | the immune system attacks the body's healthy tissues |
| Autoimmune diseases are more common in | women (90%) |
| Lupus Erythematosus is a | non-contagious incurable inflammatory autoimmune disease |
| Types of Lupus include: | 1.Discoid (DLE) 2.Systemic (SLE) |
| DLE (Discoid Lupus Erythematosus) is characterized by a | rash on the face, neck, and scalp |
| SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) is characterized by: | 1.Fatigue 2.Cephalalgia(head pain), anxiety & MDD(Major Depression Disorder) 3.Rash with photosensitivity(light sensitivity)4.Arthralgia(joint pain), myalgia(muscle pain), alopecia(hair loss)5.Pleurisy(inflammation of a pleura-lining around the lung) |
| SLE characterization Cont. | 6.Lymphadenopathy(swollen lymph nodes) & Splenomegaly(enlarged spleen) 7. Pericarditis (inflam of the pericardium),endocarditis(inflam of the endocardium) & CHF(congestive Heart failure)8.Atherosclerosis(hard artery 9.Lupus nephritis (inflam. of a kidney) |
| Dx(diagnosis) of Lupus is confirmed with an | ANA (AntiNuclear Antibody) blood test |
| Tx(treatment) of Lupus included: | 1.NSAIDs(non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory) and SAIDs(sterioidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs) 2. Analgesics (Pain medication) 3.Benlysta (1hr OP IV Tx q month) (1 hour Out Patient treatment every month) |
| Lupus can cause premature death due to | renal or cardiac failure |
| Other Autoimmune Diseases include: | 1.MS(multiple sclerosis)2.GD(Graves' Disease-hyperthroyidism)3.DM(Diabetes Mellitus/child diabetes)4.UC(Ulcerative Colitis)5.CD(Crohn's Disease-intestin)6.Vitiligo(local loss of skin pigment)7.RA(Rheumatoid Arthritis) 8.Scleroderma(hardening of the skin) |
| Immunity caused by the body creating antibodies is called | active immunity |
| Active immunity can be achieved by | immunization AKA inoculation or vaccination (vaccine) |
| A vaccine (immunization, inoculation) is an | attenuated (crippled) or inactivated (dead) antigen |
| An attenuated(crippled) or inactivated(dead) does not cause disease but will | trigger the B lymphocytes(B cells) to produce antibodies |
| Antibodies are microscopic immune proteins that bind to antigens(foreign proteins) and | tag the antigens(foreign proteins) for destruction by the immune system |
| Antibodies are | specialized |
| Specialized means that | only a specific antigen (virus, bacteria, fungus, etc) will be tagged |
| Antibody production is the only mechanism that can | defeat a pathogenic(disease creating virus) virus |
| The body can initially produce | 3000-4000 antibodies per second for 3-4 days |
| Multiple exposures to an attenuated(crippled) or inactivated(dead) antigen can cause a better and longer lasting immunity which is the reason for | booster immunizations |
| Immunity caused by receiving antibodies from another is called | passive immunity |
| An example of passive immunity is | colostrum(breastfeeding for the first 2-3 days) |
| Breastfeeding has been shown to reduce the incidence of | DM(Diabetes Mellitus) heart disease, obesity, eczema, lymphomas, and SIDS(Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) |
| A natural immunity inherited genetically from your ancestors is called an | innate immunity |
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