Blood Groups - Test 2

Question	Answer
What are the types of immune reactions of blood?	1. Reactions caused by antigenicity 2. Antigens on Cell Membranes 3. Antibodies in plasma 4. Transfusion reactions
Agglutinogens are also known as?	Antigens
What type of Antigen is found with all ABO blood types?	H Antigen
What is Bombay phenotype?	Persons containing no ABO blood group antigens
What blood type has no A or B antigen?	Type O
True or False, A and B are dominant?	True
True or False, Type O is recessive?	True
Define genotype?	The actual genes received from parents
Define phenotype?	How the genes are expressed.
How many antibodies are you born with?	0
Anitbodies begin to develope at the age of ____ to 8 months?	2 to 8 months
At what age do you have the most antibodeis present?	8-10 years of age
Agglutinins are fomed from?	Gamma Globulins - mostly IgM and IgG
What are the two types of Blood Typing?	1. Forward Typing 2. Reverse Typing
What are the 6 types of Rh antigens?	D,C,E, d,c,e
Which Rh antigens are dominant?	D,C,E
Which Rh antigens are recessive?	d,c,e
What is the diffenrence in Rh- and Rh+?	Rh+ has D antigen, Rh- does not have D antigen
Which Rh antigen is the most antigenic?	D
What is erythroblastosis fetalis?	A hemolytic disease in newborns that is characterized by agglutination and phagocytosis of the RBC's. (Rh- mother and Rh+ baby)
What does kernicterus cause?	1. Jaundice 2. Mental Retardation 3. Death
What are the 4 types of tissue grafts?	1. Autograft - transplant from and into the same animal 2. Isograft - Graft from identical twin 3. Allograft - Graft from same species 4. Xenograft - Graft from different species
What is the importnace of the HLA complex?	The HLA Complex is the most important antigens for causing graft rejection
How many HLA complexes are present on the cell surface of any one person?	Only 6, but there are 150 different types that creates a trillion different combinations.
How is graft rejection prevented?	By suppressing the Immune sytem - especially T-Cells and using Glucocorticoid hormones, cylcosporine, and other drugs that are toxic to lymphoid tissue

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