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Ch.3 Cells
Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 39 inches | 1 meter |
| 1/100 or 0.01 meter | 1 centimeter |
| 1/1000 or 0.001 meter | 1 millimeter |
| 1/1,000,000 or 0.000001 meter | 1 micrometer |
| 1/1,000,000,000 or 0.000000001 meter | 1 nanometer |
| 1/10,000,000,000 or 0.0000000001 meter | 1 angstrom |
| Basic unit of structure and function in all living things. | cells |
| science that investigates the formation, structure and function of cells. | cytology |
| Outer boundary of the cell | cell membrane |
| Watery solution of minerals, gases and organic molecules that is found between the cell membrane and nucleus. | cytoplasm |
| Suspended in cytoplasm in or near the center of the cell | nucleus |
| functional substances “all the structures” in the cytoplasm | organelles |
| Site of ATP production and storage | mitochondria |
| Cell respiration takes place here = energy production | mitochondria |
| Contains nucleolus - small sphere shaped body which contains ribosomes made of RNA and protein. (Ribosomes help with protein synthesis and RNA carries the instructions for protein synthesis out of the nucleolus into the cytoplasm). | nucleus |
| Selectively permeable - permits entrance and exit of some materials while excluding the transfer of other substances. | cell membrane |
| Responsible for reproduction (division) of the cell | nucleus |
| Stores and packages secretions for discharge from the cell | golgi apparatus |
| Involved in carbohydrate manufacturing | golgi apparatus |
| Contain digestive enzymes that will destroy old worn out, damaged cells, bacteria or foreign matter | lysosomes |
| Contribute to the process of inflammation | lysosomes |
| Oval sacs | lysosomes |
| Site of protein synthesis | ribosomes |
| Roadway for transportation of materials used within the cells | endoplasmic reticulum |
| ribosomes attached | rough er |
| cholesterol synthesis and fat metabolism occur | smooth er |
| Sweep materials across cell surfaces | cilia |
| Provides motility for sperm cell | flagella |
| Cells divide for growth and maintenance | mitosis |
| Is a continual process with 5 stages or phases | mitosis |
| Process of cell division of the sex cells | meiosis |
| The egg of the female and the sperm of the male each reduce their number of chromosomes by half = 23 | meiosis |
| Movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration | diffusion |
| Involves passive transport, no energy is required for this to occur | diffusion/osmosis |
| Movement of water or any other dissolved particle through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration of a solution to an area of lower concentration of a solution. | osmosis |
| have an equal amount of solutes and water, so the osmotic pressure is equal and there is no movement of water. | isotonic solution |
| contain less solutes so water will move into a cell to disperse the concentration | hypotonic solution |
| contains more solutes so water will move to dilute the concentration | hypertonic solution |
| Water and material move from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. The size of the membrane pore determines which molecules are to be filtered | filtration |
| Involves passive transport, can occur using blood pressure or gravity | filtration |
| Involves active transport, energy is required for this process, ATP is the energy used | facilitated diffusion |
| Carrier enzyme moves material into cells from an area of less concentration to an area of higher concentration, where they DON”T want to go | facilitated diffusion |
| White blood cells engulf and destroy pathogens by this process | phagocytosis |
| Cells engulf a large particle like a “Pac Man” and destroy them | phagocytosis |
| This process involves a substance in solution, which is engulfed by the cell membrane | pinocytosis |
| Kidney cells absorbs protein | pinocytosis |
| Control the activities of the cell and facilitate cell division | nucleus |
| A clear, semi-liquid medium that fills the spaces around the chromatin and the nucleoli | nucleoplasm |
| Reservoir for RNA | nucleolus |
| Contains two centrioles that are functional during animal cell division | centrosome |
| Enzymes oxidize cell substances | perioxisomes |
| Forms internal framework | cytoskeleton |
| Method by which large molecules can enter the cell | pinocytic vesicles |
| phase 1 | Interphase |
| phase 2 | Prophase |
| phase3 | Metaphase |
| phase 4 | Anaphase |
| phase 5 | Telophase |
| necrosis/ apoptosis | cell death |
Created by:
Chasityl
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