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Word's Chunks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Asinine | an asinine comment/remark/discussion |
| Topical | This lotion is for topical application only. Medication/cream (which is used on the outside of the body) topical subject/issue/theme (of interest at the present time) |
| Hyperbole | He’s not usually given to (inclined to/ disposed to/ apt to/ wont to) hyperbole. /It was not hyperbole to call it the worst storm in twenty years. (exaggeration) |
| Reprimand | Severe/gentle/ public/verbal/ written/formal/ official reprimand |
| Reprimand | His gentle reprimand shamed her sufficiently. reprimand somebody for (doing) something The military court reprimanded him for failing to do his duty. |
| Repudiate | Repudiate contract/treaty/offers/allegation/charge/claim/remarks (<> ratify a treaty) (MnM= he ate the PUDDING AGAIN. When his mother asked him if he ate the pudding, he tried to REPUDIATE (deny eating it) |
| Extempore | an extempore speech/performance (spontaneous/ impromptu/ improvised) |
| Impromptu | impromptu speech/party/meeting/lecture/press conference/performance) |
| Dilatory | The government has been dilatory in dealing with the problem of unemployment. (Dilatory in doing sth) |
| Desultory | Desultory attempt/conversation/way/fashion/manner (done without any particular plan or purpose) |
| Deference | He treats her with such deference./ She covered her head out of/in deference to (= because of a polite respect for) Muslim custom. (MnM= if there is no DIFFERENCE between you and him/ then you will respect him with DEFERENCE.) |
| Deferential | (<> Differential) respectful and polite She is always extremely deferential to/towards anyone in authority. |
| Affliction | the afflictions of old age/country afflicted by civil war (MnM= affection and conflict....so when there is a conflict in affection its a cause of great distress and suffering.) |
| Blight | the blight of poverty/cast a blight on sth/blighted prospect (MnM= Black light may destroy the plants; Bi+Light a plant will be destroyed) |
| Disabuse | disabuse someone of a (idea/notion) |
| Discern | Discern the meaning/truth/pattern |
| Disparate | Disparate group of/collection of/element/strand/subjects/ideas |
| Dissemble | He accused the government of dissembling. (to hide your true feelings/ thoughts) |
| Dogma | religious/political/ideological dogma (system of principles/ disapproving) |
| Erratic | Erratic behavior/driving |
| Erudite | Erudite work/discussion/book/style |
| Esoteric | Esoteric taste in sth/ knowledge/cult |
| Estimable | Estimable performance/poetry/person (esteem+[gh]able) |
| Exacerbate | Exacerbate the problem/condition/anxiety/situation/crisis |
| Exonerate | Exonerate from blame |
| Fanatical | Fanatical devotion/supporter/following/patriot |
| Florid | a florid architectural style/complexion/language |
| Foment | foment a revolution/trouble/discord/coup/rebellion/strife/unrest (MnM= Foam starts to appear once you profusely stir it up) |
| Gregarious | Gregarious and outgoing person |
| Impervious | Impervious to criticism/pain |
| Implacable | Implacable opposition/hostility/enemy |
| Inchoate | Inchoate ideas/awareness (MnM= inch(o)+ate i've "just begun" to eat an inch) |
| Corroborate | Corroborate the results/findings/report |
| Decorum | Treat/act/behave with proper decorum (MnM= "decor um"; decor them to make them more proper and correct) |
| Diffident | (MnM= diffident = difficult to be confident) |
| Pristine | Pristine condition |
| Prodigal | Prodigal lifestyle |
| Agog | excited and very interested to find out sth/ We were all agog with curiosity. /We waited agog for news. (MnM= a goggle)بی قرارd |
| Frolicsome | playful, frisky/ a frolicsome lamb/puppy/ |
| Tortuous | a tortuous (twisted) route/path/road/journey ; a tortuous (convoluted) argument/negotiation/process/language |
| Indelicate | lacking delicacy/ indelicate behavior/question/comment/subject (We studiously avoided the indelicate subject of her divorce.)بی نزاکت |
| Incorrigible | an incorrigible liar/rogue/flirt (Gamblers are incorrigible optimists) (MnM= (in)corr(gible)==in eligible to be corrected) |
| Yawn | yawning gap/hole/chasm (the gap between fact and fiction yawned unusually wide) |
| Roaming | a roaming camera crew/ international roaming charges, eye/gaze/dog/hand roams – roaming around the countryside/the earth/ the street/ the neighborhood aimlessly/freely |
| Eerily | eerily deserted boulevard – eerily quiet/empty/reminiscent |
| Immaculate | Immaculate uniform/room/girl (spotless), Immaculate performance/sense of timing (perfect), In an immaculate condition, dress/conceive Immaculately (MnM= Imam is perceived to be clean and MA'soom) |
| Abjure | abjure a belief/ an activity/ a way of life/ an action/ the realm, (Galileo's abjuration), (formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure) |
| Scrupulously | Scrupulously careful/polite/fair, Observing/ avoiding/ adhering scrupulously (moo az mast keshidan, mu be mu) (MnM= Screw a pul doost carefully); unscrupulous employee/method (unprincipled, dishonest) |
| Abnegation | Abnegation of a responsibility (rejection), self-abnegation (self-sacrifice) |
| Abominable | Abominable condition/ weather/ food/ action, Behaving abominably (MnM= just think about how loathsome and despicable Aba daran are) |
| Aboriginal | Aboriginal inhabitants/ people/ tribe/ forests (MnM= A+B+Origin+all ; A-B are origin(initials) of all English alphabets. i.e. first of its kind) |
| Abrasive | Abrasive manner/ tone/ comment/ style (Caustic and unpleasant), abrasive cleaner/liquid (MnM= it sounds like aggressive, which means harsh behavior) |
| Abrogate | abrogate legal agreement/ a practice/ a treaty/ a rule (MnM= Think about your Abroo in a way that you want to negate something) (منسوخ کردن) |
| Absolve | Absolve from or of all blame/ responsibility/ sin (مبرا کردن), She was given/granted absolution |
| Abstain | Abstain from participating/ alcohol/ smoking |
| Abstruse | Abstruse argument/ essay/ ideas (hard to understand, and more complicated than necessary) (MnM= It contains "ab....use". difficult to use. A word will be difficult to use if it is difficult to understand.) |
| Abut | (MnM= Look at your BUTT. Its like two pieces of flesh together marked by a boundary in between them) The house abutted on/onto the road/police station. |
| Accede | Accede to a request/ demand/ throne (تن در دادن، نایل شدن) (MnM= ac+cede( means to yield)..so accede means to yield to somebody’s opinion or wish.) |
| Accost | I'm usually accosted by beggars and drunks as I walk to the station. (to approach or stop and speak to someone in a threatening way ) (MnM= sounds like at any cost. I will approach first and speak to her at any cost.) |
| Purvey | Purvey information/ idea/ product (goods/ food/ message/ advice), purveyor of sth (MnM= remember conveyor which means supplying something... purveyor= person+ conveyor. A person who does a job of conveyor by supplying something to others) تهیه کردن |
| Solicit | Solicit contribution/ donation/ feedback/ help/ information/ support/ opinion, (solicit something from somebody), Solicitor= lawyer (the solicitation of money for election funds) |
| Truculent | Truculent attitude/ teenager (unpleasant and tending to argue a lot) |
| Obscenity | (Obscenity is behavior, art, or language that is sexual and offends or shocks people or a very offensive word or expression) A drunkard was shouting obscenities outside. وقاحت |
| Salutary | Salutary experience/ lesson/ reminder of/ effect upon/ warning (unpleasant but teaches you something), This would have a salutary effect upon the health of the family. |
| Overweening | Overweening ambitions/ pride/ arrogance/ vanity (MnM= person who wins over and over becomes arrogant. He now arrogantly presumes that he will always win.) |
| Adage | an old adage says (a well-known phrase that says something wise about human experience, proverb) (MnM= Adage ~ advice at age = when a person is adding in age old people generally speaks wisely and use lots of adage in their conversation.) |
| Actuate | Activate, Motivate be actuated by something (Act+ ate); بکار انداختن |
| Addle | addle sb’s brains/wits, All that drink has addled his brains! (MnM= ADDLE ~ sounds like riddle which is usually confusing and hence we get confused.) |
| Actuarial | Actuarial valuation (of or pertaining to the work of actuary) (MnM= actuarial sounds like factorial which implies doing calculation.) |
| Accrue | Advantages (Benefit/ interest/ profit/ money) accrue (MnM= accrue sounds like acquire... accrue wealth acquire wealth gain wealth) (accumulate, amass, compile, increase, grow) |
| Adjuration | Public adjuration, the president's adjuration to the people (تحلیف، سوگند), (MnM= ad + jur(JURY)+ ation |
| Acquittal | the acquittal of the defendant, the trial ended in acquittal (MnM= Sounds like accusation quit) (تبرئه) |
| Acquiesce | acquiesce to/in the plan/advice/order (MnM= Quiet saying Yes) (Steve seemed to acquiesce in the decision. When her mother suggested that she stay, Alice willingly acquiesced.) |
| Welter | a welter of information/ projects/ criticism (a large and confusing amount), (MnM= Welter is like helter-skelter. Welter means a state of turmoil, while helter-skelter means, in a disorderly haste...thereby showing confusion.) |
| Wary | Wary eye/ look/ expression, be wary of sth, keep a wary eye on |
| Warrant | 1- (n.) no warrant for doing sth (justification), 2- (v.) warrant attention/ consideration (need or deserve) (Warranted=justified) |
| Volatile | volatile character/ personality/ relationship/ temperament/ situation/ chemical/ substance/ price/ rate |
| Vituperative | vituperative comment/ remark/ attack/ critic (full of angry and cruel criticism) (MnM= VI+tu+PER+ative sth that is like a VIPER) |
| Viable | viable idea, plan, or method can work successfully, viable business/ candidate/ alternative/ proposition/ option, economically/ politically/ financially viable (MnM= Survivable) |
| Verbose | a Verbose person/ piece of writing (explanation/ speech/ style/ report/ politician/ speaker) |
| Veracious | truthful, respectful/ accurate (MnM=the root word 'VER' refers to true) veracious statement/ witness |
| Vacillate | to vacillate between two alternative or choice, the mood/ person vacillate between A and B |
| Tractable | the tractable problem/ person (easy to deal with or control); intractable problem/ opponent |
| Torpor | he fell/sunk into a deep torpor, rouse him (MnM= Torpedo is fast and speedy...while torpor is opposite to torpedo) |
| Tirade | launch into a tirade against sth (the policies) (Long+ angry speech) |
| Tenuous | a tenuous connection/ link/ situation/ relationship/ reason/ someone's position (his tenuous opposition) (uncertain, week and likely to change) |
| Tangential | only slightly related to what you are doing, discussing, or thinking about, a tangential argument (مماس) (MnM= It comes from تانژانت) The matter you raise is rather tangential to this discussion. |
| Tacit | a tacit agreement/ acceptance/ consent/ admission/ support (سربسته و ضمنی) (MnM= Take it silently said) |
| Supersede | something is superseded by something newer (Super thing RESID, so let's replace the old one) |
| Substantiate | evidence substantiate a claim/ accusation/ charge/ allegation/ statement (MnM= provide substantial evidence) (مستند ساختن، اثبات با دلیل) |
| Subpoena | the jury subpoenas the witness/ documents/ records (احضاریه، احضار به دادگاه) |
| Strut | to strut around/ the struts of a suspension bridge (MnM= rhymes with SLUT - imagine the way she walks...pompous, with head erect and chest thrown out.) |
| Stolid | a stolid person does not show any emotion or excitement (MnM=Remember SOLID) |
| Stipulate | the agreement/ law/ rule/ constitution/ stipulates that (تصریح می کند که) (MnM= Hey Stip you are late at work; regulations stipulate that you have to receive a penalty) |
| Stint | 1- Mark did a two-year stint in the army. (a period of time that you spend working somewhere or doing a particular activity) 2- She never stints on the food at her parties. (مضایقه کردن) |
| Stigma | a social stigma attached to being divorced, (MnM= Stick+be+ma Chasboondand) |
| Sporadic | Sporadic fighting/ violence/ outbreak (happen at irregular intervals.) (MnM=poradic= opposite of periodic, we know periodic things occur regularly.) |
| Specious | a specious argument/ reasoning/ claim/ allegation (seems to exist or be true, but is not real or true. (MnM=It sounds like 'suspicious'.) |
| Soporific | the soporific effect of sth (alcohol) |
| Solicitous | asking solicitously, he asked a solicitous inquiry, A person who is solicitous of sth or sb shows anxious concern (MnM= sole +city)(This word has no relationship with SOLICIT or SOLICITOR)(دلواپس) |
| Shard | a shard of pottery/ glass (MnM= Shisheh in Yrad) |
| Secrete | 1- to conceal; a kilo of heroin secreted in clothing 2- to produce and release a liquid in animals; to secrete hormone/ saliva |
| Savor | 1- to savor the moment/ an experience/ food (to enjoy) 2- we must avoid anything that savors of corruption (بوی تباهی، خیانت) 3- the savor of sth (Unsavory= distasteful and morally offensive, unsavory activity/ reputation/ scandal) |
| Saturate | to saturate the market/ the culture is saturated with TV/ the police saturated the area/ the highway is saturated with private automobiles |
| Salubrious | a salubrious place/ area (MnM= Salu is associated with health) |
| Sage | the sage advice (فرزانه) |
| Reticent | to be reticent about sth / he is so reticent about his achievements (MnM= Reti said nothing) |
| Sedentary | a sedentary lifestyle/ job (involving little exercise or physical activity) (MnM= "sed"iment means dust that sits.) |
| Exuberant | exuberant personality/ person/ decoration/ growth (MnM= Over Excess number of ANTS, which are lively, animated, and full of energy) |
| Idiosyncratic | idiosyncratic style/ personality/ gesture (MnM= Idiot & crazy people are more idiosyncratic, peculiar, and eccentric) |
| Restive | a restive person/ population The crowd was growing restive, (nervous and impatient), (MnM= Restive is actually restless. Like factitious is actually factless) |
| Insipid | 1- insipid food/ drink (does not have much taste) 2- insipid conversation/ character/ person (Boring and Dull) |
| Zealot | religious zealot, zealous supporters, a zeal for money-making |
| Resolve | 1- to resolve a problem/ dispute 2- resolve to do sth 3- to weaken/ strengthen/ test someone's resolve (Determination), This will strengthen his resolve to go to the war. |
| Resolution | 1- to pass/ adopt/ approve a resolution calling for sth (a resolution calling for a ban on dumping nuclear waste) 2- Her resolution never faltered. A resolution to give up smoking |
| Rescind | to rescind a contract/ policy/ order/ law/ decision, To officially state that it is no longer valid (MnM= Focus on the sound of END at the final part of the word, to end sth), (Trade Union leaders have demanded the government rescind the price rise). |
| Reprobate | 1- adj= a reprobate behavior, the reprobate conduct of gambling aristocrats, 2-n= a drunken reprobate, 3- v= These ideas were reprobated (MnM= rep(repeatedly)+rob+ate.. a person who again and again robs other peoples food has no moral values.) |
| Reproach | reproach somebody for/with something, He publicly reproached his son for his behavior. (MnM=divide it as re(again..)+proach(..approach)..), reproachful looks/words, We begin to reproach ourselves for not having been more careful. |
| Relegate | 1-to give sb a lower or less important position, rank than before, She was relegated to the role of assistant/ relegate the incident to the back of mind. 2-Refer to another person,She likes to relegate difficult questions to her colleagues (MnM= delegate) |
| Refute | to refute an allegation/ accusation/ argument/ claim/ suggestion |
| Refractory | refractory person/ disease (difficult t control, stubborn, obstinate) (MnM= a person who refracts from all rules <> Satisfactory) |
| Recondite | recondite facts/ subjects/ area of knowledge/ problem are not known about or understood by many people (MnM=read recondite as "re conduct". The professor re conducted (repeated) the topic as the students could not understand properly.) |
| Recluse | the mother of the two dead boy became recluse, He leaved in an unsocial reclusive life (hermit), a reclusive millionaire (MnM=re+close . She closed the door to every people again. Closed=hermit) |
| Recant | recant a belief, (to renounce in public) (MnM= Cant+Re= To say publicly that you CAN not Repeat your former belief) (حرف خود را پس گرفتن) |
| Recalcitrant | a recalcitrant pupil/ child (re+calcit(looks like calcite)+rant...as we know calcite is a hard mineral found in calcium carbonate) |
| Rarified | a rarified /place/ organization/ atmosphere of academia/ college life/ academic life (understood or experienced by only a very small group of people who share a particular area of knowledge or activity, esoteric, exclusive) (MnM=Which is Rare for Public) |
| Quiescent | politically quiescent, a quiescent melancholy of the town, The political situation was now relatively quiescent (MnM= Quit a Cent, temporarily quit and not active) |
| Quibble | Small complaint or criticism, It isn’t worth quibbling over such a small amount/ The only quibble about this book is the lack of color illustrations/ Let's not quibble over pennies |
| Qualified | 1- certified 2- limited in some way a qualified approval/ support/ enthusiasm/ The plan was given only qualified support. The project was only a qualified success. It was met with qualified enthusiasm./ gave only qualified approval |
| Pungent | a pungent aroma/ smell/ speech/ writing/ criticism/ commentary |
| Proscribe | Prohibit The law proscribes discrimination in the workplace. |
| Propriety | They conducted themselves with propriety (MnM= It refers to being proper) |
| Propensity | show/ have a propensity for sth or to do sth |
| Prohibitive | 1- (Expensive) prohibitive cost/ price/ favorite, Hotel prices in the major cities are high but not prohibitive. 2- prohibitive legislation |
| Profound | profound effect/ consequence/ apology/ ambivalence/ disagreement/ love, profoundly disturbing news |
| Probity | Probity and Integrity (high standard of correct moral behavior, honest) financial probity |
| Prevaricate | Stop prevaricating and come to the point/ She accused him of prevarication. The report was full of lies and prevarications. Evasion and prevarication, This word is specially used apropos governmental issues. |
| Presumptuous | I it/ Would be presumptuous (of somebody) to do something (shows a lack of respect for others by doing things they have no right to do) (MnM= to presume yourself too much), (It would be presumptuous of me to comment on the matter.) |
| Precipitate | 1- to precipitate a crisis/ relapse/ war (also precipitate sb/sth into sth) 2- a precipitate action/ decision (happening suddenly and without enough care) |
| Precarious | a precarious situation/ state/ position/ balance/ existence (the government's precarious position, the precariousness of human life, a financial precarious state), (MnM= PRE+CARE+IOUS -> We have to take care of an in danger position) |
| Porous | a porous rock/ surface/ border/ defense (Full of Pores, MnM= Por az pores) |
| Plummet | attendance/ level/ moral/ spirit/ price/ rate/ temperature plummet (down/up) (from A to B) |
| Platitude | His excuse was the platitude ‘boys will be boys.’ (real issues/ original ideas versus old platitudes), shallow feelings and platitudinous remarks (MnM= Plat=flat+ remark) |
| Coda | the final part of a speech or musical performance, a coda to the main exhibition (MnM= conclusive part of the luch is Coke and Soda) |
| Phlegmatic | a phlegmatic man/ manner/ temperament (able to be calm in a dangerous or frightening situation) (MnM= she raised a flag and used matic calmly) |
| Pervasive | a pervasive influence/ presence/ sense, (the all-pervasive mood of apathy, the pervasiveness of computer technology, the pervasive influence of Christianity in the Middle Age) |
| Perfunctory | a perfunctory smile/action/glance/nod/effort (done as a duty or habit, without real interest, attention or feeling),a perfunctory inspection ,perfunctory courtesy(MnM= Perform+ hurry.perform in a hurry; Function Per) |
| Perfidious | the perfidious Juda, a perfidious person (treacherous) (MnM= per+FID+ious.. FID stands for fidelity.. i.e. loyalty.. Perfect Idiot) |
| Perennial | a perennial problem/ favorite/ plant/ effort, (the perennial urban problems of drugs and homelessness) (perennial efforts to stipulate the requirements ) (MnM= Per(Through)+al (All) which means through all the time, which is long lasting) |
| Penury | He died in penury, their penury appalled him, (MnM= he has not only one Penny and has urinated on his money) |
| Penchant | a/sb’s penchant for something or doing sth, Her penchant for disappearing for days, She has a penchant for champagne. (Special, strong liking of a person or a group) (MnM= p+enchant- something that enchants you, you have a strong liking for that.) |
| Pedantic | giving too much attention to formal rules or small details, Some people can be pedantic about punctuation. There was a hint of pedantry,a pedantic insistence on the correct way of doing things, (ملا لغتی) (MnMپدر ما رو در میاره این انتیکه چون پدانتیکه =) |
| Paucity | a paucity of information/ quality leaders/ good things (MnM= paucity=scarcity) |
| Pathological | 1- (Related to the body) pathological condition/ complaint 2- pathological liar/ behavior/ aversion/ gambling/ jealousy (impossible to control and happens regularly) (MnM= 1-remember the PA, 2- remember that is has no logical justification) |
| Slumber | sleep, Sharp cuts in interest rates have failed to bring the economy out of its slumber. I don’t want to wake him from his slumbers., She fell into a deep and peaceful slumber. |
| Linage | family/ ancient/ royal lineage, She claims lineal descent from Henry VIII. (MnM= line of age), ancestry |
| Partisan | partisan crowd/ politics/ divide (biased, one-sided) Most newspapers are politically partisan. |
| Paragon | a paragon of virtue (perfect example) (MnM= para-'related to' + -gon'figure has many angles'. If a polygon has infinity angles, it becomes circle. Circle is perfect) |
| Ostentatious | an ostentatious display of wealth/ ostentatious lifestyle/ gesture/ manner (MnM= oSTENTATIOUS....read it as Stuntatious....Stunts...you perform stunts to attract attention, showy.) |
| Oscillate | attitude/ emotion oscillates between A and B, My emotions oscillate between desperation and hope. The stock market is oscillating wildly.Her attitude towards me oscillated between friendship and hostility. (MnM=The one having been Oscoled,vacillate) |
| Opprobrium | sever criticism and blame, the government did not deserve the opprobrium heaped on it by the national press) |
| Onerous | an onerous task/ responsibility/ burden/ duty, the onerous task of finding a peaceful solution, the onerous duties of motherhood, (it sounds like on+er+us..that is ONUS.. when something is ON US ..we feel burdensome) |
| Officious | too eager to tell people what to do and having too high an opinion of your own importance (MnM= OFFICIOUS,sounds similar to office. Imagine a government office where people poke their nose in other's affairs, they are INTERFERING.) |
| Occlude | occlude the path/ an occluded artery (MnM= when you INCLUDE people the gate is OPEN and when your OCCLUDE you CLOSE the door) |
| Obviate | obviate the need for sth or to do/ the necessity (preclude, prevent, eliminate), The new treatment obviates the need for surgery, A peaceful solution would obviate the need to send a UN military force.(MnM=Ob+way+it=you would not give it a way to happen) |
| Obsequious | an obsequious manner/ smile/ person, She is almost embarrassingly obsequious to anyone in authority. (MnM= ob + SEQUI + ous .. sequi means sequence where one thing "follows" the other.. and servants follow what their masters say..) |
| Obdurate | obdurate attitude/ to remain obdurate on sth/ Several obdurate facts/differences remainn. Parts of the administration may be changing but others have been obdurate defenders of the status quo(MnM=OB+DURA,anything which has durability can resist) |
| Neophyte | Novice, The site gives neophytes the chance to learn from experts, person who has recently started an activity (MnM= NEO (tazeh) + (Phyte) Payat ra jaee gozashti) |
| Negate | to negate the effort/ the result of (to cause something to have no effect),These weaknesses negated his otherwise progressive attitude towards the staff, Alcohol negates the effects of the drug. negate the result of election(MnM= no gate for the outcomes) |
| Mundane | mundane details/ aspect/ existence/ reality/world/ task/ matters, a placid mundane scene, mundane affairs, not a fairy palace; yet a mundane wonder of unimagined kind (MnM= mande ast is= dige kheili boring ya donyavi shode) |
| Morose | a morose person/ expression/ a morose and unsociable manner, She just sat there looking morose (MnM=In General we can remember it as 'More - Worse' - ill Humored) |
| Mollify | mollify sb= do or say something to make them less upset or angry, Nature reserves were set up around new power stations to mollify local conservationists, mollifying the fears of the public/ the protesters/ the criticism (MnM= bemali ta aroom beshe) |
| Mitigate | mitigate the effects of / impact/ the problem/ the risk/ circumstances/ poverty, The circumstances mitigate the crime |
| Meticulous | meticulous about sth/ in doing sth/ in meticulous details/ with meticulous care /attention/ care/ craftsmanship/ detail/ planning/ preparation/ research/ work |
| Metamorphosis | undergo a..It took me some time to undergo the ... from teacher to lecturer. the ... of China under Deng’s economic reforms (a person or thing develops and changes into something completely different) the ..of the old house into something new and exciting |
| Mendacious | a mendacious propaganda/ statement/ person (Lying, untruthful, dishonest) (MnM= mendacious = requiring mending (correction)) |
| Maverick | He’s always been a bit of a maverick, a political maverick, a maverick group of scientists, maverick politicians (independent+ has different ideas and ways of behaving from other people + is often successful) (MnM=ma very ik hastim) |
| Malleable | a malleable substance/ person/ ideas, He had an actor's typically malleable features. Europe saw its colonies as a source of raw material and a malleable workforce. |
| Malinger | to pretend to be ill spcfly in order to avoid work, They found that defendants in criminal court with a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder were more likely to malinger memory deficits (MnM=MAL(bad)+LINGER(stay in a place longer than necessary). |
| Magnanimous | a magnanimous conqueror, magnanimous toward his enemies, manager was magnanimous in victory, and praised the losing team. She accepted the criticism with magnanimity. (جوانمرد) (MnM= he magnificently nanied us after his victory) |
| Luminous | luminous eye/ face/ smile |
| Lucid | lucid dream/ style/ prose/ moments/ explanation, She gave a clear and lucid account of her plans. Both of them had the ability to present complex matters lucidly. His writings were marked by an extraordinary lucidity and elegance of style. |
| Levity | a brief moment of levity amid the solemn proceedings, The joke provided a moment of levity in an otherwise dreary meeting. (MnM= vel boodan, lode boodan) levity and frivolity |
| Graveyard | cemetery, a graveyard for cars, The club has become a graveyard for mediocre provincial bands. Working the graveyard shift (at night) churchyard |
| Pulsate | to be strongly affected by a powerful emotion and by regular movement, The whole city seemed to pulsate with excitement. The whole room was pulsating with music. (MnM= to bring an action with pulse) |
| Latent | latent demand/ aggression/ talent/ meaning/ disease (MnM= Latent is not blatant which is Bi (Bedoone)+ latent), Recent developments in the area have brought latent ethnic tension out into the open. We're trying to bring out the latent artistic talents. |
| Lassitude | wariness, lethargy Shareholders are blaming the company's problems on the lassitude of the managing director. Symptoms of anaemia include general fatigue and lassitude. (MnM= the state of being lass لاس) |
| Laconic | a laconic person/ wit/ comment/ response/ reply (<> verbose) (MnM=La - conic There is a LAck of words in the COMIC book. (lack-comic)) |
| Irascible | an irascible person/ temper/ response (irritable) (MnM=concentrate on rasc- a rascal is one who is irritable, choleric, short-tempered & hotheaded) |
| Invective | a stream of invective, The gesture infuriated him and he let out a stream of invective. a speech full of invective against the government (فحش، پرخاش), (MnM= ENVY + ACTIVE or Active jealousy can cause you to ABUSE the other person.) |
| Inured | If you are inured to something unpleasant, you have become used to it so that it no longer affects you. Doctors become inured to death, inured to the harsh conditions (Accustomed) (MnM= someone INJURED again and again will become TOUGH) |
| Subdue | - to conquer sb or sth by force or to prevent it The fire burned for eight hours before the fire crews could subdue it. He criticized the school for trying to subdue individual expression. 2- to curb, she could not subdue her longing/ excitement |
| Ignoble | an ignoble thought/ feeling/ action/ idea (شرم آور) ignoble feelings of intense jealousy (MnM=not Noble) |
| Tidings | news good/ glad/ bad tidings, they awaited tidings of the outcome |
| Furtive | (secretive, stealthy), furtive look/ glance, There was something furtive about his actions/behavior. But that was merely a piece of furtive knowledge which he happened to possess (MnM= Look secretly to FURE, One who is FARTive has to fart stealthily.) |
| Despondent | feel/ become/ grow despondent about/ over sth, He became/grew increasingly despondent when she failed to return his phone calls. She started to feel despondent about ever finding a job. despondent about his failure |
| Adroit | skilful and clever, especially in dealing with people, an adroit negotiator, He adroitly avoided answering my questions. She became adroit at dealing with difficult questions. (MnM= a + draw it) |
| Detriment | to the detriment of something (=resulting in harm or damage to something) He worked very long hours, to the detriment of his marriage. I can follow this diet without detriment to my health? involved with sports, to the detriment of her studies. |
| Detrimental | detrimental effect/ impact, damaging |
| Discretion | at sb's discretion, leave sth to sb's (own) discretion, the exercise/ operation of discretion, a discretionary grant, Judges have great discretionary powers. (discretionary= according to one's own judgment) |
| Prudence | financial prudence, (is care and good sense that someone shows when making a decision or taking action, avoiding risks and uncertainties), It's always prudent to read a contract properly before signing it. Prudent course/ decision/ investment |
| Discrepancy | discrepancy in sth/ between two report/ amount/ detail that should be the same, Police found discrepancies in the two men’s reports. Discrepancies occurred between the written and electronic records. |
| Disparity | unfair difference, the economic disparities between East and West Berlin. growing regional disparities in economic prosperity, (=dissimilitude) |
| Facetious | a facetious comment/ remark, Stop being facetious; this is serious, Robbies joke about Heathers picture was just him being facetious. (disapproving, not serious about a serious subject) |
| Flippant | a flippant remark/ attitude/ answer, You can’t afford to be flippant about such matters. (MnM= person who flips a coin and decides is not serious) |
| Frivolous | a frivolous person/ action/ comment/ suggestion/ pastime/ pleasure (Silly/ wasteful), They wants politicians to stop wasting public money on what they believe are frivolous projects. I'm far too busy to waste time on frivolities (= unimportant activities) |
| Extroverted | extroverted person |
| Vicarious | vicarious pleasure/satisfaction/excitement/ experience/ thrill, They get a vicarious thrill from watching motor racing. a father who lived vicariously through his sons' success. People experience vicarious pleasures through watching television. |
| Byzantine | the byzantine complexity of our tax laws, byzantine of an idea, a system |
| Neoteric | a neoteric genre (Of recent origin; modern), (N. someone of contemporary times) neoterical |
| Obsolescent | Much of our existing military hardware is obsolescent, obsolescent equipment, planned/built-in obsolescence, the planned obsolescence of some software, products with built-in / planned obsolescence The aircraft was nearing obsolescence by early 1942. |
| Antiquated | antiquated ideas about the constitution, an antiquated central heating system, antiquated technology, antiquated laws |
| Ersatz | (artificial, synthetic, and not as good as the real thing), ersatz coffee, an ersatz Victorian shopping precinct, ersatz controversy/ intellectuals (MnM= sat is an inferior substitute for gre for ER engineer ppl) |
| Corrosive | (damaging, gradually harmful) corrosive effect/ influence, the corrosive effect of money in sport, the corrosive influence of racism/ inflation, (مخرب) corrosive substance/ acid |
| Garish | (unpleasantly bright, marked with excessive ornamentation) (زرق و برقی، زننده), a pair of garish Bermuda shorts, garish colors, (Syn= Gaudy), It’s a little too garish for my taste, gaudy clothes / colors, a gaudily dressed girl (MnM= Remind Garnish) |
| Exquisite | Exquisite agony/ beauty/ craftsmanship/ delicacy/ taste/ workmanship, an exquisite piece of jewellery , an exquisite flower , an exquisite picture of a bird, The pain/ joy/ pleasure was quite exquisite. (felt very strongly), an exquisite sense of timing |
| Robustious | boisterous, vigorous, self-assertive |
| Resplendent | (very beautiful, bright, and impressive in appearance), She looked resplendent in a silk dress. the queen's resplendent purple robes |
| Low-key | (restrained, not intended to attract a lot of attention to an event, subject, or thing), They want the funeral to be as low-key as possible. a low-key military operation, low key affair/ approach/ meeting, The wedding was a low-key affair. |
| Bogus | bogus argument/ claim/ invoice/ document, bogus insurance claims, bogus applications for asylum, bogus doctor/ contract (pretending to be real or genuine) |
| Conversant | (familiar and knowledgeable), Staff members are conversant with the issues. I'm not conversant with the rules of chess. You need to become fully conversant with the company’s procedures. Those in business are not conversant with scientific principles |
| Poise | (calm confidence/ composure, APPROVING), He looked embarrassed for a moment, then quickly regained his poise. Ballet classes are important for poise and grace, the natural poise and balance of the body |
| Complacency | (DISAPPROVING, a feeling of calm satisfaction with your own abilities or situation that prevents you from trying harder), There's no room for complacency if we want to stay in this competition! a complacent smile/attitude, |
| Conflate | to combine separate things/ pieces of text/issue, She succeeded in conflating the three plays to produce a fresh new work. He conflates two images from her short stories in the film. The issues of race and class are separate and should not be conflated. |
| Constancy | the constancy of temperature/ love/ character (fixedness) |
| Chastise | (to criticize someone severely), Charity organizations have chastised the Government for not doing enough to prevent the latest famine in Africa. |
| Refrain | (V.=to not do sth that you want to do), refrain from (doing) something, Please refrain from smoking in this area. (N.= a phrase that is often repeated), 'Every vote counts' is a familiar refrain in politics. |
| Euphemistic | Euphemistic language uses polite or neutral words and expressions to refer to things which people may find unpleasant or embarrassing to talk about, for example sex, the human body, or death. a euphemistic way of saying that someone has been lying. |
| Prolix | a prolix style/ piece of writing (using too many words and therefore boring, DISSAPROVING) |
| Elucidatory | explanatory, clarifying, Elucidate the role/ nature/ reasons. Gerald's attempts at elucidation, The aim of the report is to elucidate the main points of the new regulations. I will try to elucidate what I think the problems are. |
| Layperson | (one who is not a professional, nonexpert) engineering sounds highly specialized to the layperson |
| Protracted | protracted negotiations/ discussions/ debates, the expense of a protracted legal battle, Despite protracted negotiations, they were unable to reach an agreement. The couple have been involved in a protracted battle for custody of their children. |
| Pellucid | a pellucid water/ stream/ light (extremely clear, transparent, understandable) |
| Licentious | (immoral), licentious person/ behavior, alarming stories of licentious behavior, moral licentiousness |
| Revile | (to criticize someone strongly, or say unpleasant things, abuse verbally, to express hatred of), The judge was reviled in the newspapers for his opinions on rape. The President was reviled by the same party he had helped to lead. |
| Demeanor | (way of looking and behaving رفتاروسلوک), She maintained a calm demeanor at all times. His demeanor suggested that he was not happy with the situation. There was nothing in his demeanor that suggested he was anxious. He maintained a professional demeanor. |
| Contrite | (apologetic) a contrite apology/ expression, He looked so contrite that for a moment she nearly believed he really was sorry about what he had said. Contrition=remorse=repentance=penitence |
| Debonair | a debonair appearance/ manner/ man, He was a handsome, debonair, death-defying racing-driver (charming, suave) |
| Insolent | (disrespectful or contemptuous), insolent person/ tone of voice/ stare/ smile, Pupils could be excluded from school for insolence. (MnM= sounds like insult-ent => A person who insults everyone is UNRESTRAINED, IMPRUDENT AND SHAMELESS) |
| Inconsolable | (disconsolate, extremely sad and disappointed), He was disconsolate after his divorce. The disconsolate players left for home without a trophy. Disconsolately, he walked back down the course. He wandered disconsolately around the town. |
| Lachrymose | (tearful) the tears of lachrymose mourners, she gets quite lachrymose at the mention of his name, a lachrymose novel (MnM= lachrymose-lac+chry(cry)+mose(most),so when you cry most you produce 'tears'.) |
| Rudimentary | a rudimentary knowledge/ understanding/ equipment/ method/ system/ form/ training/ place, It only took me an hour to learn/pick up the rudiments of skiing. |
| Superficial | a superficial analysis/inspection/examination/resemblance/ similarity/ person/ injury/ wound, The book shows only a superficial understanding, When you first meet her, she gives a superficial impression of warmth and friendliness. a superficial friendship |
| Scoff at | scoff at idea/ notion/ sth (talk about sb/sth in a way that makes it clear that you think they are stupid or ridiculous) |
| Sneer | sneer at sth (mock), ‘And who are you, then?’ he asked with a sneer in his voice. Arrogant sneer |
| Jeer | The President was booed and jeered by a crowd of protesters. The crowd/ audience jeer, Her speech was disrupted by a jeering group of protesters at the front of the crowd. The police were jeered at by the waiting crowd. |
| Squelch | 1-to squelch a rumor / strike / fire, Her creativity had been squelched. 2-The mud squelched underfoot; it had been raining all night. |
| Nebulous | a nebulous concept/ idea, The notions we children were able to form of the great world beyond were exceedingly nebulous, nebulous assurances of future cooperation. |
| Virtuosity | high degree of skill in performing, his virtuosity on the trumpet had no parallel in jazz. A performance of breathtaking virtuosity, a virtuoso performance of dazzling accomplishment, Famous for his wonderful voice, Cole was also a virtuoso on the piano |
| Inane | very stupid or without much meaning, Most pop lyrics are pretty inane. an inane remark/ chatter, His speech was full of inanities that were meant to be funny. I was amazed at the inanity of some of her comments. |
| Preposterous | (extremely unreasonable and foolish) a preposterous suggestion/ idea/ claim, Some prices are preposterously high. (MnM=PRE means before POST means after but together in a single word pre+post+erous seems ABSURD) |
| Vow | (a serious promise), Jim made a vow that he would find his wife’s kille, Supporters have vowed to continue the protest until Adams is released. Vow revenge/ vengeance |
| Erasure | a way to avoid accidental erasure of data from your computer , a further erasure of the UK's thin manufacturing base. |
| Munificent | a munificent gift/ donation/ sum of money/ patron, one of the country's most munificent artistic benefactors (نیکوکار=patron). |
| Purloin | (to steal sth or use it without permission), Each side purloins the other's private letters, I was using a pen that I'd purloined from the office, He must have purloined a key from somewhere. |
| Delude | delude somebody/yourself into doing something, It is easy to delude yourself into believing you’re in love. Don’t be deluded into thinking your house is burglarproof. |
| Abound | Rumors/ story abound as to the reasons for his resignation. Examples of this abound in her book. lakes abound with fish |
| Censure | His dishonest behavior came under severe censure. Ministers were censured for their lack of decisiveness during the crisis, vote of censure, Right-wing parties tabled a motion of censure against the government. I hereby censure and admonish you for … |
| Imposter | He felt like an impostor among all those intelligent people, his claims were based on imposture |
| Disseminate | to disseminate information/ message, Her findings have been widely disseminated. the dissemination of information, They disseminated anti-French propaganda. He promoted the dissemination of scientific ideas. |
| Dormant | lie/remain dormant, The seeds remain dormant until the spring. a huge dormant volcano, Her talent might have lain dormant had it not been for her aunt's encouragement. During dormancy the plants must be kept very dry. |
| Euphoric | feeling very happy and excited, Scientists are euphoric at the success of the test. They were in a state of euphoria for days after they won the prize. a euphoric mood, It had received euphoric support from the public. |
| Elated | The prince was reported to be elated at/by the birth of his new daughter. There's a sense of elation at having completed a race of such length. |
| Impetuous | an impetuous person/ decision, The Prime Minister may now be regretting her impetuous promise to reduce unemployment by half. |
| Impeccable | (perfect, with no problems or bad parts), an impeccable character/ credentials/ logic/ manner/ pedigree/ reputation/ taste/ timing, She was impeccably dressed |
| Maudlin | talking or behaving in a silly and emotional way, get/grow/become maudlin, the most maudlin song of all time. (criticizing it for being very sentimental.) (MnM= she received a call from the MODELLING company, she became EFFUSIVELY SENTIMENTAL) |
| Pervasive | existing everywhere, the pervasive influence of television, the all-pervasive mood of apathy , a pervasive influence/ presence/ sense/ smell, The film is a reflection of the violence that pervades American culture. the pervasiveness of computer technology |
| Curtail | (to reduce or limit), to curtail freedom/ immigration/ right/ use, Budget cuts have drastically curtailed training programs. The new law will curtail police powers. to curtail your holiday/spending, The government severely curtailed trade union rights. |
| Harangue | harangue somebody about something, He stood on the street corner, haranguing passers-by about the stupidity of the forthcoming war. (MnM= HAR (her) + ANGUE (anger) = she VERBALLY ATTACKED me because of HER ANGER at me.) |
| Heresy | He was burned at the stake in the fifteenth century for heresy. Radical remarks like this amount to heresy for most members of the Republican party. She committed the heresy of playing a Madonna song on a classical music station. (MnM= Her essay) |
| Irrevocable | (irreversible) irrevocable decision/ action/ step/ undertaking, Think about the situation carefully before you take an irrevocable step. machines that irrevocably changed the pattern of rural life |
| Undertaking | 1- mission, Starting a new business can be a risky undertaking, Organizing the show has been a massive undertaking. 2- Formal, a promise to do something, Both organizations gave an undertaking to curb violence among their members. |
| Expedite | (speed up, precipitate) expedite a implementation/ process, strategies to expedite the decision-making process, We have developed rapid order processing to expedite deliveries to customers. |
| Proliferate | Small businesses have proliferated in the last ten years. The past two years have seen the proliferation of TV channels, to prevent cancer cell proliferation, weapon proliferation, non-nuclear weapon proliferation treaty |
| Fortuitous | happening because of good luck |
| Liaison | close liaison between the army and police, The project has been set up in liaison with the art department. Our head office will liaise with the suppliers to ensure delivery. She served as a liaison between the different groups |
| Debunk | to debunk a claim/ myth/ notion/ widely held belief (to show that it is false) |
| Proclivity | (a natural tendency to do sth or to feel sth, often sth bad ), proclivity to/towards/for, The child showed no proclivity towards aggression. his sexual/criminal proclivities |
| Reprehensible | (extremely bad or unacceptable), a morally reprehensible behavior/ conduct/ action (MnM= raping a hen is disgraceful n blameworthy act), His behavior toward them was both unlawful and morally reprehensible |
| Nefarious | (wicked and immoral) a nefarious scheme/ activity/ practice, Why make a whole village prisoner if it was not to some nefarious purpose? (MnM= Nefart barangiz) |
| Solace | seek/find solace in something, After the death of her son, Val found solace in the church. be a solace to somebody, Mary was a great solace to me after Arthur died. (MnM= "SO LESS" pain) |
| Temporal | 1. related to or limited by time, the temporal character of human existence 2. relating to practical matters or material things, rather than spiritual one , Edgar ruled over the Church as well as his temporal kingdom. (secular, worldly) |
| Plebian | (belonging to a low social class, DISAPPROVING), He used to make fun of what he called her 'plebeian origins'. He retained a plebeian taste in food and drink. Plebian manner |
| Dubious | (uncertain) I was rather dubious about the idea, (not true), These claims are dubious and not scientifically proven. He has been associated with some dubious characters. |
| Unsavory | unpleasant or morally unacceptable, The club has an unsavory reputation. There were a lot of unsavory characters (=unpleasant people) around the station. unsavory sexual practices, an unsavory reputation |
| Harassment | (behavior that annoys or upsets someone), sexual/racial/police harassment, He is censured over sexual harassment, African-Americans have been complaining about police harassment for years. She had been subjected to continual sexual harassment |
| Strip of | to take away something important from someone as a punishment, title, … of property/power/position, He was found guilty and stripped of his rank. The president had been completely stripped of power. He was abruptly stripped of his committee chairmanship |
| Ordeal | (a very unpleasant and painful or difficult experience), The hostages' ordeal came to an end when soldiers stormed the building. She was forced to face the ordeal of withdrawal symptoms. She then had to go through the ordeal of giving evidence. |
| Feud | (long-lasting enmity), tribal/family feud, bitter feud over territory/land, He has been feuding with his brother for years. |
| Hinge on | if a result hinges on something, it depends on it completely, His political future hinges on the outcome of this election. The case against him hinged on Lewis’ evidence. How well you sleep may hinge on race, the case/ strategy/ success hinge on/upon sth |
| Brook | to not allow or tolerate something, especially difference of opinion or intention, Brook no opposition/ dissent/ criticism, She won't brook any criticism of her work., From childhood on, she'd had a plan of action, one that would brook no interference. |
| Insidious | 1.spreads gradually without being noticed, an insidious trend towards censorship of the press, an insidious threat/ condition/ effect/ change, 2.intended to entrap or beguile an insidious plan 3. deceitful, insidious enemy |
| Invidious | 1. calculated to create ill will or resentment or give offense; hateful, invidious remarks 2. offensively or unfairly discriminating; injurious, invidious comparisons. 3. causing or tending to cause animosity, resentment, or envy, an invidious honor |
| Grope | grope your way along/across, I was groping my way blindly through the trees. Ally groped steadily towards the door. (کورمال رفتن،دست مالی کردن) |
| Hiatus | (a break or interruption in an activity), Talks between the two countries have resumed after a six-year hiatus. a temporary/ brief/ short/ long hiatus, There was a brief hiatus in the war. Temporary halt= temporary hiatus |
| Disconcert | to make someone feel slightly confused, embarrassed, or worried, I was a little disconcerted by his reply. He was disconcerted to find his fellow diners already seated. She had the disconcerting habit of saying exactly what she thought |
| Wizened | having dry skin with lines in it, especially because of old age, He was a wizened old man with yellow skin and deep wrinkles. her old wizened face (چروکیده) (Dried-up, withered) |
| Chasten | (to make someone realize that their behavior was wrong or mistaken), Party workers have returned to their home towns, chastened by their overwhelming defeat. a chastening experience, He has clearly not been chastened by his thirteen days in detention |
| Expurgate | (to censor), Only an expurgated version of the novel has been published so far. He heavily expurgated the work in its second edition. The publisher decided to expurgate the love scene from the book, to make it more child-friendly. |
| Edify | (morally instructing, to improve someone’s mind or character by teaching them), For our edification, the preacher reminded us what ‘duty’ meant. Being left in a bar is not the most edifying of experiences. a morally edifying film (instructive) |
| Neologism | (a new word or expression, or a new meaning for an existing word, coinage) The newspaper used the neologism `dinks', Double Income No Kids. |
| Cerebral | 1.relating to the brain 2 .demanding careful reasoning and mental effort rather than feelings, intellectual, She makes cerebral films that deal with important social issues. Cerebral argument/ poetry/ newspaper |
| Grievance | 1. injustice, social and economic grievance 2.complaint, students voiced their grievances anyone who has a legitimate grievance against the company, The main grievance of the drivers is the imposition of higher fees for driving licenses. |
| Haughty | behaving in a proud unfriendly way, a haughty laugh/ disdain/ manner/ tone/ look/ face |
| Cosset | (Pamper), Children need to be cosseted. DISAPPROVING The country has been cosseted (= too protected) by the government for so long that people have forgotten how to take responsibility for themselves. |
| Exculpate | (to free from blame), The defendant was able to exculpate himself from liability. The pilot of the aircraft will surely be exculpated when all the facts are known. |
| Turnout | 1.attendance, the lecture attracted a good turnout, On the big night there was a massive turnout 2. the number of voters, electoral/ voter turnout, Good weather on polling day should ensure a good turnout. (شرکت کنندگان) |
| Contrive | 1.arrange event, The lawsuit says oil companies contrived the oil shortage in the 1970s. 2.to invent, In 1862, a technique was contrived to take a series of photographs showing stages of movement. 3.to succeed, Schindler contrived to Jews from the Nazis. |
| Scuttle | 1.When people or small animals scuttle somewhere, they run there with short quick steps.some lobsters scuttled out of here and settled in cooler climes 2. a plan/proposal=make it fail/stop. Such threats could scuttle the peace conference. (scupper) |
| Engaging | (fascinating, enchanting, captivating), an engaging presentation/ personality/ smile/ read/ manner |
| Raze | to completely destroy a building/ town/ sth, The town was razed to the ground in the bombing raid - not a building was left standing. The woodland was razed by fire. the razing of rain forests by loggers and farmers. |
| Pronounced | very great and noticeable, a pronounced accent/ effect/ shift/ rise/ tendency, She has very pronounced view on art. A pronounced rise in ocean's temperature and acidity |
| Convention | 1.conference, The party conventions typically cause the largest swings in the polls during the presidential campaign. 2.formal agreement, European convention on human rights 3.custom, define/ adhere to/break social/normal/ convictions |
| Incumbent | 1.(n.)holder, the first incumbent of the post, In the June elections, Morris defeated the incumbent, Smith. 2.(adj.)current, the incumbent president/ government 3.necessary(duty), It is incumbent upon parents to control what their children watch on TV. |
| Render | 1.to give sth to sb as a duty, to render opinion/ decision/ judgment/ verdict/ service/ invoice/ assistance, 2.to cause sth to be in a situation (make), his rudeness rendered me speechless, it rendered impact temporary, rendered it worthless |
| Imprint | 1. (n.) impression, impact, to leave a more permanent imprint, war has left its imprints on the strained faces of these people, 2.(v.) to affect, to leave mental image, That look of pure grief would be imprinted on her mind forever. |
| Attrition | a gradual attrition of market economy, Terrorist groups and the government have been engaged in a costly war of attrition. These were the economics not of efficiency but of attrition. (MnM=it is rhythmic to NUTRITION- as MAL_NUTRITION) |
| Nauseous | a nauseous smell/ behavior/ attitude |
| Grievous | very serious and causing great pain or suffering, grievous error/ sin/ wound/ loss of/ blow , a grievous shortage of hospital beds, He was grievously hurt by their betrayal. He had been the victim of a grievous injustice. his death was a grievous blow. |
| Inundate | be inundated (with/by letters/demand/request), to receive so much of something that you cannot easily deal with it all (swamp), After the broadcast, we were inundated with requests for more information. Flood waters inundate the river plain each spring. |
| Mandate | (approval, acceptance, ratification, endorsement, sanction), he called an election to seek a mandate for his policies, a popular mandate for election reform, 2.(v.) give official permission, Justice/law/ regulation/congress/ government mandates that… |
| Oblivious | He seemed oblivious to the fact that he had hurt her. seemingly/apparently oblivious, Congress was seemingly oblivious to these events. Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings. |
| Ostracize | He was ostracized by his colleagues for refusing to support the strike. AIDS victims often experience social ostracism and discrimination. (MnM=ostRACISM .. racism leads to groupism and excluding a group from the public is to OSTRACIZE.) |
| Raucous | a raucous laughter/ cheers/ person/ atmosphere/ crowd/ voice/ party (MnM=rauc(sounds like rock) + us rock music is usually loud and harsh.) |
| Sanction | 1.penalty 2.authorization, consent, permission, Apparently, the aide had acted without White House sanction. They tried to get official sanction for the scheme. The government refused to sanction a further cut in interest rates. |
| Recourse | Your only recourse is legal action. She made a complete recovery without recourse to surgery (without using or doing surgery). The government, when necessary, has recourse to the armed forces. surgery may be the only recourse |
| Tantamount | Her refusal to answer was tantamount to an admission of guilt. The new tax is tantamount to stealing from the poor. (MnM=ta-n-ta; an equal amount of 'ta' on both sides of 'n'.) |
| Tenacious | 1. determined to do sth, resolute, dogged, a tenacious negotiator 2. which has a long influence, deep-seated a tenacious idea/ belief, There has been tenacious local opposition to the new airport. |
| Depreciate | value/currency/asset, New cars depreciate in value quickly. To depreciate the importance of art in education, The demand for foreign currency depreciates the real value of local currencies, miscellaneous costs, including machinery depreciation and wages |
| Indiscriminate | indiscriminate attacks/killing/violence/bombing/ action/ use of, terrorists responsible for indiscriminate killing, the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers, Soldiers fired indiscriminately into the crowd. (MnM=Without Discretion) |
| Inquisitive | inquisitive mind/ nature/ person/ face, I liked children, loved their innocence and their inquisitiveness. (MnM= IN+QUIZ+itive, contestants IN a QUIZ are eager for knowledge.) |
| Purge | Catholics go to confession to purge their souls/themselves (from/of sin).The new state governor promised to purge the police force of corruption. (MnM= It is the opposite of MERGE), To purge an organization of its members=remove them from it. |
| Shore up | If you shore up something weak or about to fail, you do sth to strengthen/reinforce/ consolidate/support it. The democracies of the West may find it hard to shore up their weaknesses. They hastened outside between storms to shore up the damaged fence. |
| Improvident | too careless to save any money or to plan for the future (spendthrift), provident=prudent, The more provident of them had taken out insurance against flooding. (MnM=to remember this, think about 'LIC PROVIDENT FUND POLICY' which is kept for future use.) |
| Gracious | Courteous and polite, a gracious host/ hospitality/ apology, a magazine about gracious living, (MnM= remember as Gratzie+ous in Italian Language) |
| Lithesome | bendable, flexible, lithe body/ figure/ grace, a lithe young gymnast, (MnM=Sounds like "light" and something which is light in weight can easily be moved and bended.) |
| Pundit | someone who is often asked to give their opinion publicly of a situation or subject, expert, political/media/TV/ foreign policy pundits, If you believe the fashion pundits, we’ll all be wearing pink this year. |
| Decry | to state publicly that you do not approve of something, condemn, denounce, She decried the appalling state of the British film industry. People decried the campaign as a waste of money.( MnM=deep + cry... focus on the CRY PART) |
| Vitriol | fierce hate and anger expressed through severe criticism, Political vitriol is a familiar enough characteristic of American history. He launched a vitriolic attack on the prime minister, accusing him of shielding corrupt friends. |
| Anoint | 1.to choose someone to do a particular job, usually by a person in authority, It remains to be seen whom the chairman will anoint as his successor. 2. to make someone king, as part of a religious ceremony, In 751 Pepin was anointed king. |
| Apothegm | concise saying; concise saying which expresses a general truth; proverb |
| Appellation | a name which describes something This fine city justifies its appellation ‘the Pearl of the Orient’. He earned the appellation `rebel priest.' (وجه تسمیه) (MnM= "j'me appelle ....." means "my name is) |
| Apposite | suitable and right for the occasion, relevant, apt an apposite phrase/quotation/remark, Recent events have made his central theme even more apposite (MnM= apposite=> opposite of OPPOSITE i.e. perfectly matched; appropriate; most suitable) |
| Apprise | inform, apprise somebody of something, The district chairman was fully apprised of all the details. We were fully apprised of the situation. We must apprise them of the dangers that may be involved. (MnM= Rise their aptness by informing them) |
| Argot | jargon, words and phrases that are used by a particular group of people and not easily understood by others teenage/thieves' argot , argot of criminals (MnM= Our Goat says things that only they understand) |
| Ascetic | living without any physical pleasures or comforts, especially for religious reasons, an ascetic life, He lived as an ascetic. Living hidden away in the mountains suited his ascetic character. (MnM= one who drink ACIDIC things that are not good) |
| Asperity | If you say something with asperity, you say it impatiently and severely. Sharpness, the asperity of her manner, She pointed out, with some asperity, that it had all been my fault. (MnM= ASPIRIN - IS given when there is SEVERE pain) |
| Astringent | severe, astringent remark/ effect/ word/ criticism/ writer (MnM= a strict agent; an agent who is harsh) |
| Avarice | an extremely strong desire to obtain or keep wealth; greed,Her business empire brought her wealth beyond the dreams of avarice (= an extremely large amount of money). (MnM= collecting A Very big amount of Rice with greed) |
| Aver | to state the truth of something strongly, The lawyer averred her client's innocence.She averred that he was guilty. He avers that chaos will erupt if he loses, She averred that she had never seen the man before. (MnM= saying A VERified issue) |
| Avocation | Your avocation is a job or activity that you do because you are interested in it, rather than to earn your living. He was a printer by trade and naturalist by avocation. (MnM= >in a vacation. u do very little /minor work only) |
| Avuncular | An avuncular man or a man with avuncular behavior is friendly and helpful towards someone younger. He began to talk in his most gentle and avuncular manner. (MnM= Like your Uncle) |
| Staple | 1.v. منگنه کردن 2.n. main product of a region, 3.adj. essential and regular, staple diet/ food/ crop, Her latest film is the staple offering of action and comedy which we have come to expect. The ruse is a staple of television crime dramas. |
| Ruse | a clever trick used to deceive someone, Agnes tried to think of a ruse to get Paul out of the house. It is now clear that this was a ruse to divide them. The attack may merely be a ruse by the enemy to distract our forces. |
| Abed | in bed, confined to bed by illness, Not to be abed after midnight, (در بستر) |
| Abiding | an abiding feeling or belief continues for a long time and is not likely to change, enduring, lasting, Phil has a deep and abiding love for his family. Abiding faith/ impression/ interest/ love/ memory/ passion, law-abiding citizens (abidance=obeisance) |
| Accession | (accede to), 1.succession, the Queen's accession to the throne, 2.the act of agreeing to a demand, accession to the Treaty of Rome was effected in 1971 3.addition, recent accessions to the museum |
| Accredit | give credit to, recognize as, ascribe, professional bodies accredit these research degrees |
| Invincible | undefeatable, Achillean, invulnerable, an invincible army/ athlete/ belief/ attitude/ faith (extremely strong and unchangeable), Last year the company seemed/looked invincible but in recent weeks has begun to have problems. |
| Acquaint | acquaint someone with something (tell them about it so that they know it), acquaint yourself with something (learn about it). efforts to acquaint the public with their rights under the new law. I want to acquaint myself with your strengths and weaknesses. |
| Actionable | sth giving reasons for making an accusation in a law court, Actionable information/remark She denies her company's being involved in any actionable activity. The lawyer said that the breach of contract (breaking of a legal agreement) was actionable. |
| Adduce | If you adduce something such as a fact or reason, you mention it in order to support an argument. To cite, We can adduce evidence to support the claim. Several factors have been adduced to explain the fall in the birth rate. |
| Adieu | goodbye, farewell, He bid her adieu. |
| Adjudge | If someone is adjudged to be something, they are judged or considered to be that thing. (IT IS USED ONLY IN PASSIVE FORM), The reforms of 1979 were generally adjudged to have failed. The company was adjudged bankrupt. |
| Ado | If you do something without further ado or without more ado, you do it at once and do not discuss or delay it any longer, `And now, without further ado, let me introduce our benefactor.' |
| Adumbrate | to give a general idea or description of sth without details, to represent beforehand, The project's objectives were adumbrated in the report. |
| Advert to | to refer to incidentally, to mention sth, advertent (advertent=heedful, attentive) |
| Superfluous | more than is needed or wanted, unnecessary, a modern building with no superfluous decoration, The new director has said that there is a superfluity of staff in the organization, The report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail. |
| Tempestuous | 1.Stormy, a tempestuous wind/ sea/ day 2.Turbulant, a tempestuous marriage/ political environment/ relationship/ love affair/ argument, (MnM=our temper when pests attack us is tempestuous) |
| All but | almost, practically, The food is all but finished. he was all but dead when we found him, The game was all but over by the time we arrived. |
| Demarcation | separation, boundary, Talks were continuing about the demarcation of the border between the two countries. traditional lines of demarcation between medicine and surgery, demarcation between subjects/ regions/ historical periods, social demarcation |
| Consummate | 1.ADJ. Perfect, consummate ease/ skill/ performer/ politician/ professional/ actor, He acted the part with consummate skill. a life of consummate happiness 2.V. Complete, to consummate the passion/ love/ marriage |
| Execrable | despicable, appalling, deplorable, an execrable performance, She's always had execrable taste in men. He was treated execrably (MnM= Execrable = exe + cr + able; this *.exe file is a 'crappy' virus and is 'able' to badly harm your computer.) |
| Expediency | action that is quickest or most effective, even if not morally wrong, the ethics of political expediency, As a matter of expedience, we will not be taking on any new staff. The government operates on the basis of expediency, not of principle (مصلحت،اقتضا) |
| Expedient | advantageous and helpful even if not be morally accepted, This solution is politically expedient but may cause long-term problems. (مصلحت آمیز) Surgical waiting lists were reduced by the simple expedient of striking off all patients awaiting operations |
| Inexpedient | Not fair, right or worthwhile, It was inexpedient for him to be seen to approve of the decision. It would be inexpedient to raise taxes further. (MnM= IN(not)+EXPEDITION...you cannot take part in the expedition because you are not suitable or appropriate) |
| Indulgent | 1.Permissive, an indulgent parent/ smile/ relative, He had been a strict father but was indulgent to/towards his grandchildren. 2.Ptient, to take an indulgent view of sth, (MnM= Let the girl play with Dulls), (آسانگیر،چشم پوش) |
| Indulge | to satisfy, to allow yourself or another person to have something enjoyable, We took a deliberate decision to indulge in a little nostalgia. Only rarely will she indulge in a glass of wine, He did not agree with indulging children. |
| Smother | to suffocate, to smother the fire/ flame/ laugh/ laughter/ emotion/ reaction/ ambition, I tried desperately to smother a sneeze (= not to sneeze) during his speech. The latest violence has smothered any remaining hopes for an early peace agreement. |
| Diaphanous | diaphanous cloth is so thin that you can almost see through it, a diaphanous silk veil, The movie star wore a diaphanous gown. (sheer, gauzy, filmy) |
| Gossamer | delicate, gossamer wings, a gossamer veil, the daring gossamer dresses of sheer black lace. Nylon can be woven into gossamer or thick fabrics. |
| Portent | a sign/ warning that something is going to happen, omen, indication, portent of sth, the raven is a portent of death. The savage civil war is a portent of what's to come in the rest of the region, We try to reach an agreement but the portents are not good |
| Blithe | 1.seeming not to care or worry about the effects of what you do, a blithe disregard for the facts, a blithe indifference, She blithely agreed to the contract without realizing its consequences, Your editorial blithely ignores the hard facts 2. سرخوش |
| Undue | more than is reasonable, suitable, necessary, undue pressure/stress/strain/ attention/ emphasis burden/ influence, The kick should be taken without undue delay, There's no need to be unduly pessimistic about the situation without undue suffering (زاید) |
| Obtrusive | noticeable in an unpleasant way, obtrusive TV antennas, The soldiers were in civilian clothes, to make their presence less obtrusive. They tried to ensure that their presence was not too obtrusive. The service at the hotel is efficient and unobtrusive. |
| Prodigious | very large or great in a surprising or impressive way, prodigious amounts/quantities of something, Some galaxies seem to release prodigious amounts of energy, The artist’s prodigious output, prodigious memory/ output/ quantity/ talent/ musician/ appetite |
| Stoical (Stoic) | We knew she must be in pain, despite her stoic attitude. He showed a stoic resignation towards his fate. Local people were stoical about the damage caused by the hurricane. She bore the pain stoically. (خم به ابرو نیاور) (MnM= Stone like) |
| Mischievous | 1. a mischievous child (NAUGHTY) 2.a mischievous smile/look, (PLAYFUL) 3.a mischievous allegation/ action/ statement, (MALICIOUS), mischievous child/ delight/ gleam/ glint/ grin/ look/ sense of humor/ smile/ twinkle |
| Discreet | 1. CAREFUL, tactful, cautious 2.discreet lighting, UNOBTRUSIVE, inconspicuous, She wore discreet jewellery. discreet advertisement/ distance/ enquiry/ veil, You ought to make a few discreet enquiries before you sign anything. |
| Discrete | separate, discrete category/ entity/ unit These small companies now have their own discrete identity. instruction manuals that break down jobs into scores of discrete steps. The organisms can be divided into discrete categories. |
| Monotonous | dull and repetitive, a monotonous job/ voice/ diet/ drone/ regularity/ routine, The music became monotonous. The monotony of motorway driving causes many accidents. The routine was the same every day, with nothing to break/relieve the monotony. |
| Ripples | consequences, economic ripples, ripple effect=domino effect, The increase had a ripple effect through the whole financial market. |
| Fickle | capricious and changeable, fickle nature/ weather/ lover/ winds, the fickleness of businessmen and politicians. The group has been notoriously fickle. the fickle finger of fate, television world was a notoriously fickle one. Fickle nature of politicians |
| Levy | 1.v. to officially say that people must pay, impose, levy a tax/charge/fine/ penalty/ surcharge/ tariff/ taxation/ toll, a new tax levied on all electrical goods, 2.n. A levy is a sum of money that you have to pay They imposed a 5% levy on alcohol. |
| Etiolated | pale and weak without energy, etiolated appearance (MnM= if you work from Early Till Late your would be etiolated) |
| Sidereal | relating to the stars, or measured by the movement of the stars in the sky, sidereal time/ period, sidereal astronomy (MnM=celestial) |
| Intransigent | uncompromising not flexible, intransigent attitude/ stance/ position, Unions claim that the management continues to maintain an intransigent position. He often appeared angry and frustrated by the intransigence of both sides. |
| Delineate | 1.to describe sth carefully so that people can understand it, The document delineates your rights and obligations. Biography must to some extent delineate characters, 2.to make borders, The boundaries of these areas should be clearly delineated. |
| Incorporate | 1.If one thing incorporates another thing, it includes it. The new cars will incorporate a number of major improvements. 2. If sb or sth is incorporated into a larger thing, it is a part of it, to incorporate environmental considerations into policies |
| Recast | reshape, She recast her novel as a musical comedy. In despair, the theatre director recast the leading role. the recasting of the political map of Europe. Stoppard had to recast four of the principal roles. to recast the statement in less formal language |
| Balk at | reject, refuse, Many people would balk at setting up a new business during a recession.Westerners balk at the prospect of snake on the menu. Even biology undergraduates may balk at animal experiments. |
| Retaliate | hit back, retaliate by doing something/ against, The British government retaliated by breaking off diplomatic relations. The army began to retaliate against the civilian population. (تلافی کردن) (MnM= Re+Tally) |
| Revel in | revel In sth means to enjoy it very much, revel in warmth, He reveled in his new-found fame. Sounds of revelry came from next door. The revelries next door kept me awake all night. Revels are noisy celebrations. He reveled in the freedom he was allowed. |
| Ominous | making you feel that sth bad is going to happen, ominous cloud/ implication/ rumble/ sign/ silence/specter/ warning, There was an ominous silence at the other end of the phone The car is making an ominous rattling sound. The bar seemed ominously quiet |
| Scrumptious | tasty, a scrumptious food/ meal/ cake |
| Appeal to | be attractive and interesting, the idea was not appeal to him |
| Tamable | capable of being domesticated (رام شدنی) After a few months' contact the monkeys become very tame. He'll need to tame his temper if he wants to succeed. |
| Wallow | If you say that someone is wallowing in an unpleasant situation, you are criticizing them for being (enjoying) deliberately unhappy. Wallow in self-pity/ despair/ nostalgia/ mud/ defeat, His tired mind continued to wallow in self-pity |
| Tyro | beginner, novice, amateur I look forward to seeing this young tyro's next ballet. tyro journalist (MnM= a tyro tries to learn, tyro<>maestro) |
| Demagogue | If you say that someone such as a politician is a demagogue you are criticizing them because you think they try to win people's support by appealing to their emotions rather than using reasonable arguments. (عوام فریب) |
| Tautology | Tautology is the use of different words to say the same thing twice in the same statement. `The money should be adequate enough' is an example of tautology. ‘They spoke in turn, one after the other.’ |
| Filigree | 1.delicate jewellery made from twisted, especially silver, wire, a beautiful filigree broochfiligree ironwork 2.decorative open patterns, The sunlight shining through the branches made a filigree pattern on the tiles. (MnM=feeling green) |
| Quandary | a difficult situation or problem, one in which you cannot decide what to do, dilemma in a quandary, She was in a quandary over whether to go or not. The government appears to be in a quandary about what to do with so many people. (MnM= be in Quad rah) |
| Peregrination | a long journey to various places especially on foot, His peregrinations took him to India. (دورگردی) (MnM= remove 1st 3 letter egrination sounds like migration, which means the same, its like a piligrimage, which means going on a tour.) |
| Prestidigitation | 1.A performance of or skill in magic or conjuring tricks with the hands; sleight of hand, My favo0072ite prestidigitation 2.A show of skill or deceitful cleverness. His writing was peppered with verbal tricks and prestidigitation |
| Peroration | 1. the peroration of his speech, CONCLUSION 2.an hour-long peroration, long SPEECH and not worth listening to (disapproving) This peroration with such circumstance? (MnM= Per+oration--Part after ORATION = PERORATION, the concluding section of an oration) |
| quotidian | ordinary, happening every day, the quotidian routine, her dreadfully quotidian car, Television has become part of our quotidian existence. Quotidian periodicity we find in greater or less degree in nearly all fevers (MnM= quoted every day) |
| Prescient | able to imagine or know what will happen in the future, (عالم به غيب يا اينده)a prescient warning the prescience of her remarks Over the years he's demonstrated a certain prescience in foreign affairs. (MnM= means prediction, knowledge of events forehand) |
| Puerile | silly and stupid, childish, a puerile joke, I find his sense of humor rather puerile. Concert organizers branded the group's actions as puerile. puerile nonsense, (MnM= PUERILE=PURE+CHILD. A child is always pure so puerile means childish.) |
| Meddlesome | interfering, who tries to influence or change things that do not concern him, a meddlesome member of the public. My sister's always meddling in other people's affairs. People shouldn't meddle with things they don't understand. |
| Meritorious | very good and deserving praise, a meritorious service, an award for meritorious service, I had been promoted for what was called gallant and meritorious service, The policeman received the Award of Meritorious Service from his grateful department. |
| Exude | to emit, to exude aura/ charm/ confidence/ energy/ self-assurance/ self-confidence/ warmth/ a quality or feeling, (have it to a great extent). The guerrillas exude confidence. A dogged air of confidence exuded, Carlos exudes enthusiasm. (MnM= Ex+Odor) |
| Traduce | slander, If someone has been traduced, unpleasant and untrue things have deliberately been said about them. We have been traduced in the press as xenophobic bigots. (MnM= TRADUCE - TO + REDUCE someone's good image, to slander or defame.) |
| Discomfit | If you are discomfited by something, it causes you to feel embarrassed or confused. He was discomfited by her silence. She turned away to hide her discomfiture. Will wanted to do likewise, but felt too discomfited. |
| Savant | 1.A savant is a person of great learning or natural ability. The opinion of savants on the composition of the lunar surface. 2.less intelligent than normal people but good at doing one particular thing. an idiot savant, an autistic with a gift for numbers |
| Travesty | MISREPRESENTATION, parody, a travesty of justice, Their marriage was a complete travesty. Her research suggests that Smith's reputation today is a travesty of what he really stood for, (MnM=If u think Bra(tra) as vest then it is a travesty.) |
| Quash | suppress, put an end, to quash a conviction/ decision/ dissent/ rumor/ sentence/ speculation/ verdict, The revolt was swiftly quashed by government troops. The company moved quickly to quash rumors/speculation that it is losing money. |
| Elicit | to obtain or produce sth, information or a reaction, Phone calls elicited no further information. He was hopeful that his request would elicit a positive response, Her tears elicited great sympathy from her audience. (MnM=Not implicit nor explicit) |
| Intimate | 1.v. IMPLY her he intimated his decision, feelings were subtly intimated, She had already intimated to me her wish to leave. 2. adj. close, friendly, intimate connection/ friend/ atmosphere/ relationship; PRIVATE, intimate detail/ thought |
| Flag | V. If you flag or if your spirits flag, you begin to lose enthusiasm or energy. By the end of the meeting we had begun to flag. The conversation was flagging. His enthusiasm was in no way flagging. By 4,000m he was beginning to flag. |
| Unscathed | not injured or harmed, escape/emerge unscathed, He escaped unscathed from the accident. The government was relatively unscathed by the scandal. East Los Angeles was left relatively unscathed by the riots, The hostages emerged from their ordeal unscathed |
| Scourge | sth that causes a lot of harm or suffering, the scourge of unemployment/ of war, Aids has been described as the scourge of the modern world. The country has been scourged by (= has suffered very much because of) famine in recent years. (MnM=Scold+ugre) |
| Nascent /ˈnæsənt/ | just beginning, the country’s nascent democracy, their nascent industries, nascent movement/ problem/ political party/ skill, the still nascent science of psychology= budding |
| Predilection /ˌpriːdɪˈlekʃən $ ˌpredlˈek-/ | strong liking, fondness, a predilection for gossip/for fast cars. an artist with a predilection for bright colors, But for him the first rule of judging was to set aside personal predilection and vote the law and the facts. (MnM= Preferred Direction) |
| Séance / 'seɪɑns /'seɪɒns ,'seɪɒ̃ns/ | session, a séance to do sth |
| Lackluster /ˈlækˌlʌstər/ | 1. lacking energy and effort, uninspired, a lackluster performance, Britain's number-one tennis player gave a disappointingly lackluster performance. 2. dull, a lackluster hair |
| Inveterate /ɪnˈvetərət, ɪnˈvetərɪt/ | habitual not casual, 1.inveterate liar/smoker/womanizer/ gambler/ traveler, someone who lies a lot, smokes a lot and cannot stop 2.inveterate fondness/distrust/hatred/ hostility, an attitude or feeling that you have had for a long time and cannot change |
| Timorous /ˈtɪmərəs/ | 1.He is a reclusive, timorous creature. = timid 2.too cautious and weak, Some delegates believe the final declaration is likely to be too timorous. = feeble |
| Cow | to frighten, intimidate, cow sb into sth, The protesters had been cowed into submission by the police. The government, far from being cowed by these threats, has vowed to continue its policy. By this time she was so cowed by the beatings. |
| Turgid /ˈtɜːrdʒɪd/ | 1.a turgid piece of writing or film is boring and difficult to understand, a turgid speech, 2.swollen; containing more water than usual |
| Repatriate / riːˈpeɪtrieɪt/ | to send or return to sb's own country (for people and money), After the war, prisoners were repatriated. The refugees were forcibly repatriated from A to B. The government repatriated him because he had no visa. The repatriation of immigrants/ profit |
| Extradite /ˈekstrədaɪt/ | to deport sb to his own country, the government extradited him to Germany They are expected to be extradited to Britain to face trial. They have applied for his extradition to Ireland.an extradition treaty |
| Commandeer /ˌkɑːmənˈdɪr/ | 1.requisition, to take possession of or control private property by force or for military use,The local hotel was commandeered for the wounded. 2.The hijacker commandeered the plane on a domestic flight. = appropriate |
| Appropriate /əˈproʊprieɪt/ | V. 1.to seize, commandeer, the barons appropriated church lands 2.to allocate (money) The government have appropriated millions of pounds for the project. 3.to steal, to purloin, Several other newspapers have appropriated the idea |
| Interdict /ˈɪntərdɪkt/ | To prohibit, The National Trust has placed an interdict on jet-skis in Dorset, Devon and Cornwall. They are trying to get an interim interdict to stop construction of the road. Troops could be ferried in to interdict drug shipments = intercept |
| Indigent /ˈɪndɪdʒənt/ | very poor, destitute, Salvation Army hostel for indigents, Indigence is the Noun meaning extremely poverty |
| Depravity /dɪ'prævətɪ/ | the state of being morally bad, Corruption, the absolute depravity that can exist in war. Abominable depravity, depraved character/mind, Someone who can kill a child like that must be totally depraved. |
| Innocuous /ɪˈnɑːkjuəs/ | not offensive, dangerous, or harmful, an innocuous remarkHe’s a perfectly innocuous young man. Some mushrooms look innocuous but are in fact poisonous. an innocuous substance |
| Precocious /prɪˈkoʊʃəs/ | showing unusually early mental development or achievement, precocious child/ talent, She recorded her first CD at the precocious age of 12. sexually precocious |
| Odium /ˈoʊdiəm/ | opprobrium, the dislike, disapproval, or hatred that people feel for a particular person, Internationally Reagan attracted odium for his militarism. an odious crime/ person, The complainant has been exposed to public odium, scandal and contempt. |
| Feat /fiːt/ | impressive achievement, remarkable/considerable/incredible feat, They climbed the mountain in 28 days, a remarkable feat. The incredible feat of engineering, Perform/accomplish/achieve a feat, the woman who performed the feat of sailing around the world |
| Disposition /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/ | 1.temperament, The film is not suitable for people of a nervous disposition. 2.inclination, Neither side shows the disposition to compromise. 3.distribution, the disposition of assets on death 4.use, advised him to the disposition of the money. |
| Belie /bɪˈlaɪ/ | 1.If one thing belies another, it hides the true situation and so creates a false idea or image. Her looks belie her 50 years. 2.it proves that the other thing is not true or genuine. The facts of the situation belie his testimony. = disprove |
| Churlish /ˈtʃɜːrlɪʃ/ | not polite or friendly, It seemed churlish to refuse his invitation. She would think him churlish if he refused. The room was so lovely it seemed churlish to argue. It would be churlish to refuse such a generous offer. |
| Interlocutor /ˌɪntərˈlɑːkjətər/ | 1.converser, the person you are speaking to Owen had the habit of staring motionlessly at his interlocutor. 2.of an organization; representative, key interlocutors in the Middle East conference. |
| Egalitarian /ɪˌɡælɪˈteriən/ | based on the belief that everyone is equal and should have equal rights, an egalitarian society/ distribution of sth/ principles, Ford is no egalitarian.(N.) |
| Extirpate /ˈekstɜːrpeɪt/ | to completely destroy or get rid of something that is unpleasant or unwanted, It is one of the first duties of every government to extirpate gangs of thieves. Operations, which consist of amputating limbs and extirpating organs. |
| Conjecture /kənˈdʒektʃər/ | 1.n.Speculation, Surmise, the information is merely conjecture, That was a conjecture, not a fact... 2.v.It seems reasonable to conjecture that these conditions breed violence. What was going through the killer’s mind is a matter for conjecture. |
| Covenant /ˈkʌvənənt/ | 1.n. CONTRACT, A covenant is a formal written promise to pay a sum of money each year for a fixed period, breach of the covenant, 2.v. pledge, 5% of our profits are covenanted to charity. He covenanted to pay £30 a month into the fund. |
| Preclude /prɪˈkluːd/ | to prevent from happening, to eliminate, , to preclude inclusion/ interpretation/ possibility/ use, rules that preclude experimentation in teaching methods, preclude sb from doing sth, Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate. |
| Lambaste /ˈlæmbæst/ | to criticize someone or something very strongly, usually in public, to slate, Democrats lambasted the President’s budget plan for being ‘inadequate’. His first novel was well and truly lambasted by the critics. The sergeant lambasted the new recruits. |
| Chide | scold, ‘Edward, you are naughty,’ Dorothy chided. chide sb for (doing) sth, She chided him for not responding to her Christmas cards.He swiftly chided himself for such thoughts. The company was chided for its lack of original research. (سرزنش کردن) |
| Rail | to complain angrily about something, especially something that you think is very unfair, rail against/at, Consumers rail against the way companies fix prices. He railed against/at the injustices of the system. |
| Leniency | Mercifulness, a lenient attitude or behavior, The judge rejected pleas for leniency and sentenced him to six months in prison, They believe that judges are too lenient with terrorist suspects.16 years was the most lenient sentence the judge could impose. |
| Hedonist | sybarite, someone who believes that pleasure is the most important thing in life, lead the life of a hedonist |
| Sybarite /ˈsɪbəraɪt/ | hedonist, Despite his renunciation of the material world, he is an unrepentant sybarite. (MnM= sybarite..sy+bar+rite a lover of luxury finds going to the bar right and munching dick) |
| Spotlight | 1.n. Public Eye, she was constantly in the spotlight, A new report has turned the spotlight on the problem of poverty. 2.v. To focus attention on, highlight, this article spotlights the problem of, a new book spotlighting female entrepreneurs. |
| Horde | a large crowd moving in a noisy uncontrolled way, horde of , There were hordes of people inside the station. This attracts hordes of tourists to Las Vegas. |
| Didactic | Instructive, His novel has a didactic tone. a didactic approach to teaching, In totalitarian societies, art exists for didactic purposes. He is more didactic in his approach to the learning process. didactic art |
| Alacrity /əˈlækrəti, əˈlækrɪti/ | quickness and eagerness, eager and enthusiastic willingness, with alacrity, She accepted with alacrity. |
| Canonical /kəˈnɑːnɪkəl/ | If something has canonical status, it is accepted as having all the qualities that a thing of its kind should have. canonical gospel/ status/ text, Ballard's status as a canonical writer. the canonical method, canonical rites (قانونی،هنجاری) |
| Effrontery /ɪˈfrʌntəri/ | Impudence, behavior that is bold, rude, or disrespectful, She had the effrontery to ask me for more money. He had the effrontery to accuse me of lying! (MnM= for every discussion he comes to the FRONT and argues in a rude manner.) |
| Enervate /ˈenərveɪt/ | to make you feel tired and weak, The hot sun enervated her to the point of collapse. David felt too enervated to resist. enervating disease / climate (MnM= if someone ATE your ENERGY (ENER+vATE), you would be WEAKENED or tired) |
| Ennui / ɑːnˈwiː/ | boredom, tedium, lethargy,The whole country seems to be affected by the ennui of winter (ملالت), (MnM= when pronounced sounds quite similar to ANNOYed) |
| Filibuster /ˈfɪləbʌstər/ | N. & V., Delaying Tactic, Opponents of the bill tried to filibuster its final stages. Conceivably, supporters of the law could filibuster to prevent it from being revised. Senator Seymour has threatened a filibuster to block the bill. |
| Fulminate | to criticize sb or sth angrily, fulminate at/against/about, Mick was fulminating against the unfairness of it all. He was always fulminating against interference from the government. (MnM= intended to full eliminate sth) |
| Ingenuous /ɪnˈdʒenjuəs/ | artless, innocent, trusting, and honest, He seemed too ingenuous for a reporter, Somewhat ingenuously, he explains how the crime may be accomplished, an ingenuous smile, It is ingenuous to suppose that money did not play a part in his decision |
| Obtuse /əbˈtuːs/ | slow to understand things, in a way that is annoying,‘But why?’ said Charles, being deliberately obtuse. Obtuse (NOT acute) angle, Naivety bordering on obtuseness helped sustain his faith. Are you being deliberately obtuse? (MnM= OB+TUSE= TIZ Nist) |
| Paean /ˈpiːən/ | a piece of music, writing, or film that expresses praise or happiness. A paean to deep, passionate love. = eulogy, a paean of praise, The song is a paean to solitude and independence. (MnM= Paean sounds like "pian+o" which is used in praise songs) |
| Perfidy | the action of betraying someone or behaving very badly towards someone= treachery, Perfidious, In Act 2 he learns of Giovanni’s perfidy and swears revenge (MnM= per+ fidy=without fidelity i.e cheat upon ur partner,in general cheat or breach something) |
| Perspicacious /ˌpɜːrpɪˈkeɪʃəs/ | Discerning, good at judging and understanding people and situations, A perspicacious remark, His perspicacious grandfather had bought the land as an investment, guessing that there might be gold underground. a woman of exceptional perspicacity |
| Prattle | to talk continuously about silly and unimportant things, prattle away/on, She prattled on about her new job for the whole afternoon. His speech contained nothing new and was full of political prattle and clichés. (MnM= Part-o-Pala) |
| Qualms | Misgiving, reservation, Despite my qualms, I took the job. If you have no qualms about doing sth you are not worried that it may be wrong (درنگ،تردید), The manager has no qualms about dropping players who do not perform well. (MnM= QUALified? Mmmm..) |
| Sordid /ˈsɔːr-dɪd/ | 1.involving immoral or dishonest behavior, sordid business/affair/story/detail/past, The whole sordid affair came out in the press. She discovered the truth about his sordid past. 2.dirty=squalid, a sordid room (MnM=SORry I DID this bad things) |
| Stymie /ˈstaɪmi/ | hider, stymie the efforts, we were stymied by the absence of any recent documents. Investigators have been stymied by uncooperative witnesses. Companies have been stymied by the length of time it takes to reach an agreement. (MnM= It's Tie (tying) ME) |
| Virulent /ˈvɪrələnt, ˈvɪrʊlənt/ | 1.A virulent disease/poison is extremely dangerous. A very virulent form of the disease appeared in Belgium. 2.Virulent feelings or actions are extremely bitter and hostile. Now he faces virulent attacks from the Italian media= vicious (MnM=Viral, Virus) |
| Evince /ɪˈvɪns/ | to show a feeling or have a quality, evince interest/ desire/ readiness, She evinced no surprise at seeing them together. The entire production evinces authenticity for the subject matter, She evinced little enthusiasm for the outdoor life. |
| Vehement /ˈviːəmənt/ | showing strong feelings or opinions, vehement opposition/criticism/hostility/denial/protest, Despite vehement opposition, the Act became law. Dan vehemently denies the charges. The vehemence of her answer surprised them both. One vehement critic is Allen. |
| Perpetrator /ˈpɜːrpətreɪtər/ | someone who does something morally wrong or illegal, culprit, The perpetrators were never caught. The perpetrators of racially motivated violence must be punished. Federal soldiers have been accused of perpetrating atrocities against innocent people. |
| Wrong (V.) | cause suffering to; behave unjustly toward; injure, Both sides felt that they had been wronged, He punished everyone who wronged his relatives. |
| Staunch | (Adj.)giving strong loyal support to another person, organization, or belief,=Steadfast, a staunch advocate/ ally/ believer/ conservative/ defense/ opponent/ refusal/socialist/supporter,(MnM= Stuck with a punch to show his devotion) |
| Culpable | Deserving blame, guilty, Culpable Homicide/ Action/ Negligence, He was held culpable (= blamed) for all that had happened, After the accident, the company refused to accept culpability. Their decision to do nothing makes them culpable. |
| Litigious | Often makes formal complaints to a civil court of law, a litigious society, the cost of litigating personal injury claims is high. If we have to litigate, we will. The settlement ends more than four years of litigation on behalf of the residents. |
| Respite/ˈrespɪt/ | a short time when sth bad stops happening, The trip was a welcome respite from the pressures of work. a brief respite from persecution ,The pain went on without respite. We have a few days’ respite before we have to pay them. (MnM= Rest a Bit) |
| Trappings | The trappings of power, wealth, or a spcf job are the extra things, decorations, or luxury items going with it. He enjoyed the trappings of power, such as a chauffeur-driven car and bodyguards. The demonstration had all the trappings of a 1960s peace demo |
| Bigoted | prejudiced, a bigoted old man, She's so bigoted that she refuses to accept anyone who doesn't think like her, a religious bigot, He was known to be a loud-mouthed, opinionated bigot. religious/racial bigotry |
| Commensurate /kəˈmenʃərət/ | in a correct and suitable amount compared to something else, Salary will be commensurate with age and experience. Employees are paid salaries commensurate with those of teachers, they had privileges but commensurate duties (MnM= Common+Ensured+Rate) |
| Somber (Sombre) /ˈsɑːmbər/ | sad and serious, a somber atmosphere/voice/face/expression/ mood, The funeral was a somber occasion. I left them in a somber mood. (MnM= I am sad, I need Some Beer) |
| Obfuscate /ˈɑːbfəskeɪt/ | to deliberately make sth seem confusing and difficult to understand. They are obfuscating the issue, as only insurance companies can. They accused the White House of obstruction and obfuscation ≠ elucidate (MnM= Confuse+Cate) |
| Exemplary /ɪɡˈzempləri/ | 1.excellent and providing a good example for people to follow, A company with an exemplary record on environmental issues. Exemplary behavior/ fashion/ character 2.an exemplary punishment is severe, intended to stop others from committing the same crime |
| Peremptory /pəˈremptəri/ | expecting to be obeyed immediately and without question or refusal, a peremptory summons/ order/ way, The letter was peremptory in tone. with a peremptory wave of his hand With a brief, almost peremptory gesture he pointed to a chair. (آمرانه،قاطعانه) |
| Cajole /kəˈˈdʒoʊl/ | to persuade by praising or promising, to cajole somebody into doing something, We do our best to cajole rich countries into helping. I managed to cajole her out of leaving too early. The most effective technique is to cajole rather than to threaten. |
| Pedestrian (Adj.) | DISAPPROVING, not interesting; showing very little imagination, ordinary, Her books, with few exceptions, are workmanlike but pedestrian. His speech was long and pedestrian. His style is so pedestrian that the book becomes a real bore. |
| Tawdry /ˈtɒːdri/ | 1.cheaply and badly made, tawdry jewellery 2.immoral, a tawdry tale of lies and deception, tawdry affair, the yawning gulf between her fantasies and the tawdry reality. (MnM=To oddly Dry yourself in a way that others can see your body-showy and immoral) |
| Embryonic /ˌembriˈɑːnɪk/ | 1.at a very early stage of development, The project is still at an embryonic stage. The plans are still in embryonic form, embryonic process/ idea/ organization, Romania's embryonic democracy. 2.relating to an embryo, embryonic development/ cells |
| Sanguine /ˈsæŋɡwən, ˈsæŋɡwɪn/ | happy and hopeful about the future, optimistic, Other economists are more sanguine about the possibility of inflation. a sanguine view, He's remarkably sanguine about the problems involved, She was her usual sanguine self. (MnM=Sing+Win+Wine) |
| Cloying | 1.a cloying attitude or quality annoys you because it is too sweet or nice, DISSAPPRIVING, She criticized the cloying sentimentality of the film. 2. cloying food or smells are sweet and make you feel sick, the thick cloying smell of cheap perfume |
| Colloquially | Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated ungulates. colloquial speech (محاوره ای) Colloquial expression/ language/ phrase/ term/ usage |
| As to | about, as for, with regards to, concerning, He was uncertain as to which road to take. There's no decision as to when the work might start. as for my past, I'm not telling you anything (درارتباط با، درباره) |
| Reservation | a feeling of doubt because you do not agree completely with a plan, idea, or suggestion, have/express reservations (about sth), I had serious reservations about his appointment as captain. We condemn their actions without reservation (=completely). |
| Veer | to change direction,The plane veered off course.The wind was veering north. Ideas/ attitudes veer in, The proposal appears to veer in the direction of Democratic ideals. The conversation veered back to politics. The debate veered away from the main topic. |
| Swerve /swɜːrv/ | to change from an idea, course of action, purpose or the direction, He would never swerve from the truth. She swerved sharply to avoid hitting a cyclist. She is one of those rare politicians whom one can trust not to swerve from policy and principle. |
| Renege /rɪˈniːɡ/ | go back on, to not do something you have promised or agreed to do, renege on an agreement/deal/promise/plege/contract, They reneged on a pledge to release the hostages. If someone reneged on a deal, they could never trade here again. |
| Enthralling | extremely interesting, captivating, mesmerizing an enthralling experience, The baseball game completely enthralled the crowd. I found your book absolutely enthralling! be enthralled by/with sb/sth The children were enthralled by the story she was telling |
| Prosaic /proʊ-ˈzeɪ-ɪk/ | boring or ordinary, mundane, a prosaic writing style/ explanation, The reality, however, is probably more prosaic. His instructor offered a more prosaic explanation for the surge in interest, prosaic side of life |
| Auspicious /ɒːˈspɪʃəs/ | favorable, promising, auspicious start/beginning, her excellent recording is an auspicious start. Auspicious beginning/ day/ occasion/ start, It was an auspicious date for a wedding. (MnM=a(Not) Suspicious and thus favorable) |
| Stagnate | to stop developing or making progress, Growth is expected to stagnate next year. His career had stagnated. Economy/ income stagnates, Industrial production is stagnating, Businesses must adapt to change or stagnate. |
| Pertinacious | determined and refusing to be defeated by problems, tenacious, Like most successful politicians, she is pertinacious and single-minded in the pursuit of her goals. With his usual pertinacity, he pursued this new line of inquiry. |
| Rapacious /rəˈpeɪʃəs/ | greedy, always wanting more money, goods etc than you need or have a right to, rapacious landlords/ businessman, her rapacious appetite for fame, rapacious exploitation policy, the rapacity of landowners seeking greater profit, (MnM= likes to 'Rape') |
| Sullen /ˈsʌlən/ | 1.angry and silent, because you feel life has been unfair to you, morose, Bill sat in sullen silence and refused to eat his lunch. a look of sullen resentment 2.a sullen sky or sea is dark and looks as if bad weather is coming, overcast (MnM=Dull) |
| Grumpy | irritable, bad-tempered and easily annoyed , grumpy mood, Mina’s always a bit grumpy first thing in the morning. `I know, I know,' said Ken, grumpily, without looking up. |
| Pertinent | directly relating to something that is being considered, relevant, He asked me a lot of pertinent questions. The last point is particularly pertinent to today’s discussion, knowledge and skills pertinent to classroom teaching. |
| Scathing /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/ | injurious, a scathing remark criticizes sb or sth very severely, , scathing attack/remark/comment/ criticism/ critique/ indictment/ look/ rebuke/ reply/ report/ retort/ review/ tone, He was very scathing about the report, saying it was inaccurate. |
| Progeny /ˈprɑːdʒəni/ | 1.Offspring, descendants, 2.sth that develops from sth else, His book is the progeny of an earlier TV series. His numerous progeny are scattered all over the country. Davis was never loquacious on the subject of his progeny. (MnM=Provide Gene offspring) |
| Confer | 1.to discuss sth with other people, consult, I leant over and conferred with his attorneys. 2.confer a title/degree/honor, to officially give a title, An honorary degree was conferred on him by the University. (MnM= In conference People go for Conferring) |
| Bicker | to argue, especially about sth very unimportant, squabble, bicker about/over, They kept bickering over who should answer the phone. The council finally elected a leader after several days of bickering. (MnM= A biker Bickers at the accident) |
| Digress | Deviate, to talk/write about sth that is not the main subject, Do you mind if I digress for a moment? After several long digressions he finally reached the interesting part. The lecturer temporarily digressed from the subject to deal with a related theory |
| Rebuff | an unkind or unfriendly answer to a friendly suggestion or offer of help SYN snub, He received a humiliating rebuff from his manager. (پس زدن), Her desperate request for help was met with a rebuff. She rebuffed all suggestions that she should resign. |
| Vernacular /vərˈnækjələr/ | 1.a form of a language that ordinary people use, not the official language, Galileo wrote in the vernacular to reach a larger audience. He lapsed into the local vernacular 2.a style of building, music, art that is suitable for ordinary people |
| Insular | 1.unwilling to meet new people or ideas, isolated, The British are often accused of being insular. But at least they have started to break out of their old insularity. 2.relating or like island, the coastal and insular areas, insular people= NARROW-MINDED |
| Tedious | boring, The work was tiring and tedious. a tediously long film, Tedious chore/ job/ journey/ process/ task/ wait/ work, The trouble is I find most forms of exercise so tedious. We had to listen to the tedious details of his operation. |
| Inviting | Tempting, enticing, The log fire looked warm and inviting. She smiled invitingly. The room looked cozy and inviting. an inviting smile, The February air was soft, cool, and inviting |
| Conscientious | careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do, diligent, A conscientious teacher may feel inclined to take work home. a conscientious and hard-working student, a conscientious student, We are generally very conscientious about our work |
| Remark (v.) | To COMMENT, many critics remarked on their rapport, He remarked on the difference in security measures at the two airports. I remarked that I would go shopping that afternoon, On several occasions she had remarked on the boy's improvement |
| Deprecate | to strongly disapprove of or criticize something, He always deprecates my achievements. Her deprecating smile clearly showed that she thought I'd said something stupid. He deprecated the low quality of entrants to the profession (MnM= Opp Appreciate) |
| Pithy | Succinct, Press releases must be short and pithy. a series of pithy quotations/ remark, A pithy comment or piece of writing is short, direct, and full of meaning. His pithy advice to young painters was, praising the film's pithy dialogue. |
| Vaunted | Highly praised, There’s little sign that the much-vaunted IT investment is pulling France out of recession. His (much) vaunted new scheme has been shown to have serious weaknesses. Their much vaunted reforms did not materialize. (MnM= Very Wanted) |
| Inordinate | excessive, Testing is taking up an inordinate amount of teachers’ time. Inordinate amount/ delay/ length/ number, Margot has always spent an inordinate amount of time on her appearance. She was inordinately fond of her pets. |
| Disquiet | v. & n., Perturb, causing anxiety, public disquiet over deaths in police custody, His appointment caused disquiet among members. was disquieted by the news, The disquieting situation between these two neighboring countries looks set to continue. |
| Unsettle | Disturb, The sudden changes unsettled him. Even the most experienced of West Indian batsmen was unsettled by the sheer speed of this bowler. The airline's decision to cut air fares is likely to unsettle the market. |
| Antithetical | exactly opposite to sth, This violence is completely antithetical to the teaching of the church. antithetical views, Their priorities are antithetical to those of environmentalists. His beliefs are antithetical to everything we stand for as a community. |
| Elegiac /elɪˈdʒaɪək/ | Mournful, He spoke of her in elegiac tones. Gray's 'Elegy in a Country Churchyard' is a famous English poem. The music has a dreamy, elegiac quality. Her poetry has an elegiac quality. Elegiac verse |
| Renegade | Traitor, Apostate, someone who leaves one side in a war, politics etc in order to join the opposing side – used to show disapproval, a renegade army unit, a renegade soldier/priest, Three men were shot dead by a renegade policeman. |
| Vanity | 1.Excessive pride, Conceit, She had none of the vanity associated with beautiful women. He wants the job for reasons of vanity 2. Vanity of sth, being unimportant, compared with other important things, the vanity of human ambition in the face of death |
| Laggard /ˈlæɡərd/ | Sluggish, Laggard person, Laggard company, or product is not performing as well as its competitors. The company has developed a reputation as a technological laggard in the personal-computer arena. (MnM= Having Lag) |
| Petulance /'petʃʊləns/ | irascibility, unreasonable, childish bad temper over something unimportant. His petulance made her impatient. His critics say he's just being silly and petulant, Her tone of voice became abrupt and petulant. (MnM= The pet u lent me gets me irritated) |
| Disdainful | Contemptuous, Scornful, a disdainful look, professors who are disdainful of popular entertainment, He regards the political process with disdain. a disdainful expression, He is highly disdainful of anything to do with the literary establishment |
| Intermittent /ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt/ | Sporadic, Intermittent diarrhoea/ pain/ rain/ shower/ symptom, The weather forecast is for sun, with intermittent showers. intermittent rain, an intermittent noise, Although she made intermittent movie appearances, she was essentially a stage actress. |
| Disparage | Belittle, Depreciate, Matcham’s theatres were widely disparaged by architects. disparaging remarks, Larkin's tendency to disparage literature. I don’t mean to disparage your achievements. He spoke disparagingly of his colleagues. |
| Overawe | Intimidate, Terrify, Daunt, He was totally overawed by his father. Some of the players were totally overawed by playing their first game at the national stadium. Don't be overawed by people in authority, however important they are. |
| Imperceptible | Unnoticeable, Such changes are imperceptible to even the best-trained eye. She heard a faint, almost imperceptible cry. Gradually, almost imperceptibly, her condition had worsened. The differences were imperceptible to all but the most trained eye. |
| Shrug off | If you shrug sth off, you ignore it or treat it as if it is not really important. He shrugged off the criticism. He just laughed and shrugged it off. He shrugged off the insults and proceeded despite them. (MnM= Shaneh Bala) |
| Cutting | 1.adj. Sharp and upsetting, Cutting wit/ Remark/ board/ edge, People make cutting remarks to help themselves feel superior or powerful. He can be very cutting when he chooses to be 2.n. a piece cut of sth like newspaper, Here are the press cuttings. |
| Wince /wɪns/ | to suddenly feel very uncomfortable or embarrassed because of something that happens, something you remember, Grimace, Cringe, wince at the memory/thought/idea, I still wince at the thought of that terrible evening. |
| Conceit | 1.Arrogance, Vanity, Conceitedness, The conceit of that man is incredible! Pamela knew she was a good student, and that was not just a conceit. 2. Metaphor, The idea of the wind singing is a romantic conceit. (MnM=Kooni yejoori sit karde engar khodast) |
| Sublimate | 1.If you sublimate a strong desire or feeling, you express it in a way that is socially acceptable, To channel, He could try to sublimate the problem by writing, in detail, about it 2.تصعید کردن، تصفیه کردن (MnM= lime juice refines us) |
| No-nonsense | very practical and direct, without wasting time on unnecessary things, down-to-earth, No-nonsense approach/ manner, his no-nonsense attitude to business, Her no-nonsense way of resolving issues impressed her superiors. |
| Boastfulness | Arrogance, Haughtiness, I'm not being boastful. boastful predictions. I tried to emphasize my good points without sounding boastful. I don't want to sound boastful but I always finish everything on time. (MnM= Arrogant sense of being a Boss) |
| Hypocrite /ˈhɪpəkrɪt/ | insincere person, sanctimonious person, There's one rule for her and another rule for everyone else and it's sheer hypocrisy. Their accusations of corruption are hypocritical - they have been just as corrupt themselves. |
| Braggart /ˈbræɡərt/ | Arrogant boaster, Show off, he was a prodigious braggart and a liar, (MnM= The Art of Drag yourself or boasting) |
| Founder (v.) | 1.Sink, the ship foundered 2.Fail, the scheme foundered, Their marriage began to founder soon after the honeymoon. initiative/ plan/ talk founders, The peace talks foundered on a basic lack of trust. (MnM= Breaking / Going to the Foundation) |
| Denouement /ˌdeɪnuːˈmɑːŋ/ | Final Result, outcome, the last part of a story or play, The plot takes us to Paris for the denouement of the story. the film's denouement, the debate had an unexpected denouement, (MnM= When Done great Amount of your work, you announce the finale) |
| Plebiscite /ˈplebəsaɪt/ | Referendum, Vote, plebiscite on sth, a plebiscite on independence, to hold a plebiscite on the country’s future system of government, plebiscite of facts (MnM= to Let the Plebeians Cite their opinion) |
| Epitaph /ˈepəttæf/ | a short piece of writing on the stone over someone’s grave, His epitaph read |
| Recidivist /rɪˈsɪdɪvəst/ | a criminal who starts doing illegal things again, even after he or she has been punished, Six prisoners are still at large along with four dangerous recidivists. Their basic criticism was that prisons do not reduce the crime rate, they cause recidivism. |
| Intently | ATTENTIVELY, keenly, (مشتاقانه), concentrate, focus, gaze, listen, look, peer, regard, stare, study, watch intently |
| Eponymous | the eponymous character in a book, film, or play is the character whose name is in its title, Hester, the book’s eponymous heroine, Don Quixote, eponymous hero of the great novel by Cervantes, Eponymous centerpiece in the exhibition |
| Accordingly | 1.Therefore, Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them. 2. Appropriately, Correspondingly, they appreciated the danger and acted accordingly |
| In keeping with | Consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, befitting, in line with |
| Brazenness | 1.Wantonness, her brazen admission that she was cheating on him, Shameless, impudent 2.to behave as if you are not ashamed or embarrassed about sth even though you should be, Now that everyone knew the truth, the only thing to do was to brazen it out. |
| Seasoned | 1.Experienced, seasoned traveler/observer/campaigner/ observer/ performer/ professional/ timber/ veteran/ warrior/ wood, Artie was by then a seasoned musician with six albums to his credit. 2.The sausage was very highly seasoned. |
| Ineptitude | incompetence, political/social/economic ineptitude, the ineptitude of the people in charge, the tactical ineptitude of the allied commander |
| Forgo (Forego) | go/ do without, I had to forgo lunch. shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week. No one was prepared to forgo their lunch hour to attend the meeting. The board members have decided to forgo any salary increase. |
| Naught | All their plans came to naught (=failed). All our efforts were for naught. He was naught but a rake. |
| Broach | To mention a (embarrassing) sth for discussion, broach the subject/question/matter/ topic, I broached the subject of his past. The report fails to broach some important questions. (MnM= When a Boy appROACH a girl for the first time,he needs to BROACH.) |
| Lugubrious | melancholy, morose, doleful, his lugubrious tear-stained face, To become lugubrious. The dog gazed at us lugubriously for a few minutes. A lugubrious expression, (MnM= He was very mournful when he had to BURY his cut LEG.) |
| Jocund | Cheerful, Mirthful, A jocund person, A jocund crowd poured into the canopied entrance for the wedding brunch. (MnM= Remember Joke part) |
| Recuse | Refuse or Reject a Disqualified Judge, The judge recused herself from that case, citing a possible conflict of interest. The judge recused from the case, citing a possible conflict of interest. |
| Preside Over | To be in charge of Commission/Court/Meeting/Case (Judge), The government seemed to be presiding over large-scale unemployment. He presided over the company for 30 years. The chairman presides over an audience of developers. (MnM=President Presides Over) |
| Proxy | Representative, The number of patients on a doctor’s list is a good proxy for assessing how hard they work. a husband acting as proxy for his wife, a proxy vote, My brother's voting for me by proxy in the elections. Nominate sb as a proxy to sign for sb |
| Remonstrate | Complaint, Express Objection, The Everton manager remonstrated angrily with the referee. we remonstrated against this proposal, He remonstrated with the referee. I jumped in the car and went to remonstrate. (MnM=People Demonstrate to deliver complaints) |
| Clandestine /klænˈdestɪn/ | Secret, a Clandestine Affair/ Meetings/ Operation/ Relationship, She undertook several clandestine operations for the CIA. the clandestine sale of weapons, (MnM= The plan of the destiny is a secret to everybody) |
| Facsimile | Exact copy, Facsimile Copy/ Edition/ Transmission, a facsimile of the original manuscript, a manuscript reproduced in facsimile, (MnM= Remember Fax machine) |
| Liability | 1.Legal Responsibility, Tenants have legal liability for any damage they cause. 2.Financial Debt, JUST PRULAL, OPP=Assets, The business has liabilities of £2 million. 3.Sth Causing a lot of problem, After a certain age, a car is just a liability. |
| Reinstate | Restore to the former state, California reinstated the death penalty in 1977. union demanded the immediate reinstatement of all sacked workers. Reinstatement of the tax would be a disaster. He was reinstated in his post. (MnM= Re in Sate) |
| Provocative /prəˈvɑːkətɪv/ | Annoying, provocative comment/remark/statement/Act/Article/Suggestion, The minister’s provocative remarks were widely reported in the press. a provocative act by a terrorist group, (MnM=To Provoke Actively) |
| Hunch | Suspicion, Feeling, had a hunch that something like this would happen. My hunch is that she’s his mother. 2.قوزکردن |
| Detachment | Objectivity, Not being personally involved in sth, doctor's professional detachmentHe answered with an air of detachment. She felt a sense of detachment from what was going on. involvement |
| Beleaguered | 1.Surrounded, Besieged, Supplies are being brought into the beleaguered city. 2.Troubleded, A beleaguered government, the country’s beleaguered steel industry, The beleaguered party leader was forced to resign. |
| Emulate | imitate, Emulate Feat/ Hero/ Idol/ style,He hoped to emulate the success of Wilder. Fitzgerald is keen to emulate Martin's record of three successive world titles. Sons are traditionally expected to emulate their fathers. a role model worthy of emulation |
| Inflict | Impose a bad thing, inflict sth on/upon sb, The strikes inflicted serious damage on the economy. The men could inflict serious injury. without the unnecessary or cruel infliction of pain. They surveyed the damage inflicted by the storm. (MnM=Conflict) |
| Debacle /deɪˈbɑːkəl, dɪ-/ | Fiasco, Collapse, Complete failure, the debacle of the 1994 elections, The collapse of the company was described as the greatest financial debacle in US history. After the debacle of the war the world was never the same again |
| Debut /deɪˈbjuː, dɪ-/ | First public appearance or performance of sth, film, racing, screen, stage Debut, Debut album, CD, novel, performance, record, season, single, He made his Major League debut as shortstop. Their debut album was recorded in 1991. |
| Quirk | 1.Idiosyncracy Like every computer, this one has its little quirks. Everyone has their own little quirks and mannerisms. 2.Change by chance, Years later, by a strange quirk of fate, she found herself sitting next to him on a plane. |
| Unimaginative /ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/ | Commonplace, Boring, lacking the ability to think of new or unusual ideas unimaginative architecture/ teacher, unimaginative housing policies, an unimaginative solution to a problem |
| Subtlety /ˈsʌtlti/ | 1.DELICACY, the subtlety of the flavor, 2.FINENESS, classification is fraught with subtlety 3.ASTUTENESS, the subtlety of the human mind, 4.INGENUITY, the subtlety of tactics, important but difficult to notice, the subtleties of the language. |
| Streak of /striːk/ | Elements of, Characteristics of, a streak of self-destructiveness, If someone has a streak of a particular type of behavior, they sometimes behave in that way.He's still got a mean streak. (رگه هایی از) |
| Equanimity /ˌiːkwəˈnɪmɪti/ | Calmness, Composure, He received the news with surprising equanimity. He received the news of his mother's death with remarkable equanimity.Three years after the tragedy she has only just begun to regain her equanimity. (MnM=Equal+Enimity) |
| Bewail /bɪˈweɪl/ | To lament, Express great sorrow, He bewailed his misfortune and the loss of his most treasured possessions. songs that bewail his dissatisfaction in love (MnM=Remember people mourn for their family who have Been veiled after the earthquake) |
| Polemical | Argumentative, Critical, Using strong arguments to for or against a particular idea, opinion, or person, The reforms were attacked in a highly polemical piece in the ‘New Yorker’. a polemical essay, a polemical attack, Kramer's biting polemical novel. |
| Doyen | the oldest, most respected, or most experienced member of a group, the doyen of sports commentators, the doyen of political interviewers (ریش سفید) |
| Bona fide /ˈbəʊnə faɪd/ | Genuine, real or legal; not false, a bona fide reason/ organization, You’re a bona fide member of the team. a bona fide commercial transaction, Although he failed, the prime minister made a bona fide attempt to repair the nations damaged economy. |
| Ostensibly | Apparently, She stayed behind at the office, ostensibly to work. She stayed behind at the office, ostensibly to work. He has spent the past three months in Florida, ostensibly for medical treatment, She went to her room, ostensibly to do her homework. |
| Ostensible | Appearing to be true but often having hidden meaning or intent, ostensible reason/purpose/aim, The ostensible reason for his resignation was ill health. The ostensible purpose of these meetings was to gather information on financial strategies. |
| Profligate | wasteful, profligate spending, the profligate use of energy resources, the most profligate consumer of energy in the world, (MnM=Profligate= spend Profusely like bill Gates) |
| Promiscuous | INDISCRIMINATE, taken from a wide range of sources, especially without careful thought, promiscuous reading, a stylistically promiscuous piece of music (MnM=Promise to Mix everything) |
| Grueling | very tiring physically or mentally, when you have to keep doing sth for a long time, a grueling journey across the desert, a grueling race, Junior doctors often have to work a grueling 100-hour week. He eventually won the match after five grueling sets. |
| Divest | 1.To Rid, divest yourself of sth you own or are responsible for, The company is divesting itself of some of its assets 2.To Strip, sb or so is divested of a quality, After her illness she was divested of much of her responsibility. (MnM=Remove your Vest) |
| Spurious | False, Phony, a spurious statement/ argument/ accusation/ allegation/ Claim is not authenticate, He demolished the Opposition’s spurious arguments. He was arrested in 1979 on spurious corruption charges, spurious framework for analysis (MnM=Not Pure) |
| Defiant | Resisting, Intransigent, Defiant Gesture/ Glare/ Mood/ Stand/ Tone, Mark smashed a fist on the desk in a defiant gesture, a defiant teenager The terrorists sent a defiant message to the government. (MnM+ Defy) |
| Pagan /ˈpeɪɡən/ | (Adj. & N.) Heathen, pagans worshipped the sun, the pagan festival, Pagan belief/ cult/ deity/ festival/ god/ goddess/ religion/ ritual/ sacrifice/ superstition/ symbolism/ temple/ tradition/ worship |
| Nadir | At the lowest level/point, the time when a situation is at its worst OPP zenith, By 1932, the depression had reached its nadir. The defeat was the nadir of her career. Company losses reached their nadir in 1999. |
| Epithet | Nickname, Sobriquet, He hardly deserves the epithet ‘fascist’. the religious issue which led to the epithet `bible-basher'. Racial epithets were scrawled on the walls. (MnM= Esme Dare Pit) |
| Epitome | Embodiment, Best Example, She looked the epitome of elegance. He was the very epitome of evil. Maureen was the epitome of sophistication. He is the epitome of a modern young man. clothes that are the epitome of good taste |
| Amortize | To settle and pay a debt by making regular payments, The value of the machinery is amortized over its estimated useful life, Business expenses had to be amortized over a 60 month period. (MnM= Mor means Death, to bring an end to Debt) |
| Idyllic | Perfect, Peaceful, idyllic setting/surroundings/scene, If you want old-world tradition in an idyllic setting, this is the hotel for you. Every year thousands of people flee the big cities in search of the pastoral/rural idyll. (MnM= Ideal) |
| Cogitate | To ponder, Ruminate, If you are cogitating, you are thinking deeply about something. He sat silently cogitating. to cogitate on the meaning of life. After much cogitation, we decided to move to the Isle of Wight. (MnM= Agitate the mind = cogitates) |
| Masticate | To chew, Her mouth was working, as if she was masticating some tasty titbit. Don't gulp everything down without masticating. Poor digestion can be caused by defective mastication of the food in the mouth. (MnM= Mastic+Ate) |
| Gibberish | Nonsense so very difficult to understand, You’re talking gibberish! Stop gibbering and tell us what you saw. Stood there like a gibbering idiot. After a while I stopped listening to his stream of gibberish. (MnM=sounds like Garbage and Rubbish) |
| Viscerally | Instinctively, in a way that affects ones inner core or produces overwhelming emotion, The shock of my friends decapitation affected me viscerally, and I became paralyzed with dread. you cannot learn something that you actively loathe or viscerally reject |
| Conscript | 1.n. Compulsory enlisted soldier, a army conscript 2. draft, conscript sb into sth, Young Frenchmen were conscripted into the army and forced to fight in Algeria. He's been worried that the government will introduce conscription ever since the war began. |
| Consecrate | SANCTIFY, The bones will be reburied in consecrated ground. consecrated bread/wine/ground, The church was consecrated in 1234, to give sth/sb or yourself to a special purpose, especially a religious one |
| Contiguous /kənˈtɪɡjuəs/ | ADJACENT, neighboring, America’s 48 contiguous states, Its vineyards are virtually contiguous with those of Ausone. two years of travel throughout the 48 contiguous states. The countries are contiguous, (MnM= rhymes with continuous) |
| Continence | self-control, self discipline, The opposite is incontinent, • He decided to maintain continence. The disciples were taught how to exercise continence. (MnM= sounds like "abstinence" which is to stay away or to restrain.) |
| Contumacious | Disobedient, headstrong, rebellious, Insubordinate, a contumacious witness is subject to punishment, (MnM= CONTUMACIOUS=CONTRARY+REBELLIOUS.) (سرکش) |
| Convivial | Sociable, friendly and pleasantly cheerful, a convivial atmosphere/host, looking forward to a convivial evening, (MnM= Con means All, together +Viv Liveliness+ial= A place full of liveliness which is friendly) (دوستانه و همدل) |
| Coquette | / koʊˈket/ |
| Cornucopia | 1.a horn full of fruits, 2.Abundance, lot of good things, a cornucopia of delights, The book is a cornucopia of good ideas. Harvard has produced a cornucopia of leaders for the United States in many fields. (MnM= Remember Copious) |
| Covetous /ˈkʌvɪtəs/ | Greedy, Grasping, Desiring sth owned by another, They began to cast covetous eyes on their neighbors'’ fields. The boys looked covetously at the shiny new motorcycles. The red Lamborghini sports car attracts covetous stares. (MnM=cove(love) + to + US) |
| Cozen | To mislead by trick or fraud, Deceive, A common strategy of politicians is to cozen the people by exaggerating the seriousness of a problem (MnM= Instead of a DOZEN, he took 13 bananas, cheating the shopkeeper.) |
| Credo | Creed, set of beliefs, principles, or opinions that strongly influence the way a person lives or works. Lord Clarendon's liberal credo was one of the foundations of his political conduct. American Express is emphasizing its 'the customer is first' credo. |
| Debauchery /dɪˈbɑːtʃəri/ | Immoral behavior involving sex, alcohol or drugs, Corruption, Dissipation, a life of debauchery, his debauched lifestyle, scenes of drunkenness and debauchery. (عیاشی و هرزگی) |
| Default v. | Fail to pay a debt or loan, the customer defaulted, The credit card business is down, and more borrowers are defaulting on loans, defaulting borrowers / tenants (MnM= Due to Fault we failed to pay) |
| Defunct | No longer in used, Disused, the now-defunct nuclear reactor, members of a now defunct communist organization, the leader of the now defunct Social Democratic Party, a largely defunct railway network (MnM= Di [Without] + Funct [Function]) |
| Demotic | 1.Popular, Pertaining to people, demotic entertainments such as TV soap operas. Make the demotic sing 2. Demotic language/speech is the type of informal language, Colloquial, television's demotic style of language. (MnM= Dem[People]) |
| Demur /dɪˈmɜːr/ | To express doubt about or Opposition to a plan or suggestion, Object, The lawyer requested a break in the court case, but the judge demurred. At first she demurred, but then finally agreed. (MnM=Damn U R wrong) They accepted without demur. |
| Denigrate | Defame, Disparage, people who denigrate their own country, You shouldn't denigrate people just because they have different beliefs from you, the denigration of minorities in this country. (MnM= Negro means black, to Black someone's reputation) |
| Denizen | Inhabitant, a regular visitor, Deer, foxes and squirrels are among the denizens of the forest. Gannets are denizens of the open ocean. the denizens of the local pub (MnM= Sounds like Citizen) |
| Desuetude /'deswɪtjuuːd/ | The state of nonuse and disuse, the danger of falling into desuetude, (MnM= de sue can be remembered as Disuse.) (بلا استفاده، از تاریخ مصرف گذشته) |
| Derogatory | Belittling, Disparaging, Insulting, Derogatory Comment/ Connotation/ Remark/ Term, Their conversation contained a number of derogatory racial remarks. He refused to withdraw derogatory remarks made about his boss. (موهن) |
| Detraction | 1.belittlement, derogation; abuse, slander, defamation, The candidate responded sharply to the long list of detractions concocted by his opponent. 2.The act of taking away, (MnM= The opposite of attraction) |
| Distrait | Distracted, Absent minded, Inattentive, Preoccupied, The chairperson became distrait, (MnM= NOT STRAIGHT) |
| Divulge /daɪˈvʌldʒ, də-/ | Reveal, Disclose, Divulge information/secrets/details (to sb), It is not company policy to divulge personal details of employees. The bank has refused to divulge its plans. The managing director refused to divulge how much she earned. |
| Doctrinaire | Dogmatic, Fanatic, The party followed an increasingly doctrinaire course. These principles are doctrinaire, a doctrinaire communist doctrinaire attitudes / beliefs / policies (They resist against any change) |
| Doggerel | Poorly written poetry or verse, fragments of meaningless doggerel. As he marched he sang a bit of doggerel in a high and quavering voice (کس شعر) (MnM= "DOG GIRL EARL", this is a doggerel) |
| Dross | Waste, Rubbish, of Low quality, Most of the poems were pretentious dross. gold with impurities or dross, So much of what's on TV is pure dross. go through phases where everything I write is just dross. (MnM= Gross Dross) |
| Effervescence | 1.Vivacity, Liveliness, his cheeky effervescence, He wrote about Gillespie's effervescence, magnetism and commitment. an effervescent personality, 2.The process of bubbling as gas escapes, effervescent vitamin C tablets/ mineral water (MnM=Fervor+Sense) |
| Effete /eˈfiːt/ | Degenerate, Decadent, effete intellectuals, With nothing to do all day the aristocracy had grown effete and lazy. the charming but effete Russian gentry of the 1840s. an effete monarchy (MnM= ef+ feet, To walk for long on your feet, you feel worn out) |
| Yoke | the yoke of sth that restricts your freedom, making life difficult, the yoke of tradition, If you say that people are under the yoke of a bad thing or person, you mean they are forced to live in a difficult or unhappy state because of that thing or person |
| Primordial | 1.Ancient, Primeval, Primordial seas/ Oceans, Twenty million years ago, Idaho was populated by dense primordial forest. 2.Instinctive and Very basic, Primordial feelings/ He was driven on by a primordial terror. primordial impulses |
| Consternation | Shock, alarm, The government’s plans have caused considerable consternation among many Americans. A new power station is being built much to the consternation of environmental groups (=they are very worried about it). He looked at her in consternation. |
| Ripple | 1.n. Small wave, Small undulation, ripples on the surface of the pond, A ripple of laughter ran through the audience. WITH ANY A RIPPLE (without disturbance) 2.v. Pass between people, Panic rippled through Hollywood as the murders were discovered. |
| Pay/ Take Heed of sth | Pay attention to what so says or advices, The government was taking little heed of these threats. Tom paid no heed to her warning. Heed advice, call, maxim, warning, word, The company took no heed of (= did not consider) public opposition to the plans. |
| Take Exception to sth | Object, To be angry or upset, Tom took great exception to my remark about Americans. He also took exception to having been spied on, I take great exception to the fact that you told my wife. No one could possibly take exception to his comments. |
| Chew over | Consider, Contemplate, Let me chew it over for a few days. |
| Aloof | distant, unfriendly, They worked hard, but tended to stay aloof from the local inhabitants. The doctor held himself somewhat aloof from the rest of the ship’s crew. Whatever is happening in the office, she always remains aloof. |
| Recount | Tell, Narrate, Alan recounted how he and Joyce had met. The guide recounted the history of the castle, Recount anecdote/ballot/event/experience/history/incident/instance/journey/story/tale, She was asked to recount the details of the conversation. |
| Elude | avoid, He eluded his pursuers by escaping into a river. Elude Capture/Police, (Of Information), I know who you mean but her name eludes me. (Fail to Achieve) The gold medal continues to elude her. They had minor breakthroughs but real success eluded them. |
| Replenish | Refill, to put new supplies into sth, or to fill sth again, More vaccines are needed to replenish our stocks. Replenish inventory/Stock/Supply, Computerization has enabled the automatic replenishment of stock. (MnM=Re+fill+inish) |
| Reverberate | Echo, The events of 9/11 will reverberate through history. If an event or idea reverberates somewhere, it has an effect on everyone or everything in a place or group, The take-over reverberate around the television industry (MnM=Re+Verb) |
| Trample | Tread, ignore, Trample on so's Rights/Values/Feeling, They say loggers are destroying rain forests and trampling on the rights of natives. Diplomats denounced the leaders for trampling their citizens' civil rights, (پایمال کردن) |
| Exert | Apply, Exercise, They exerted considerable influence within the school. Environmental groups are exerting pressure on the government to tighten pollution laws. Exert attraction/authority/ dominance/effect/effort/force/impact/leverage/pull/stress/will |
| Vitiate | to destroy or weaken sth, He said that American military power should never again be vitiated by political concerns. The ‘yes’ vote was vitiated by the low turnout in the election. But this does not vitiate his scholarship. (MnM= Ate the Wish) |
| Semblance | A/some semblance of sth a situation, condition that is close to or similar to a particular one, She was trying to get her thoughts back into some semblance of order. After the war, life returned to a semblance of normality. (MnM=Resemblance) |
| Surfeit | Glut, Excess, Surplus, a surfeit of sth, a surfeit of food and drink, The country has a surfeit of cheap labor. Rationing had put an end to a surfeit of biscuits long ago. (MnM= Super amount of sth that has fitted somewhere) (مازاد) |
| Collusion | Secret Agreement, Conspiracy, police had colluded with the witnesses. It is thought that they worked in collusion with(= secretly together with) the terrorist network. The report concluded that there was no evidence of collusive behavior between the banks |
| Repent | Feel remorse, repent of, He repented of his sins before he died. This was an extremely violent crime, for which the boy showed no repentance. Those who refuse to repent, he said, will be punished, (MnM= Fill remorse after Rape a girl in a Tent) |
| Germane | relevant, germane to, an article which is germane to the subject being discussed, Her remarks could not have been more germane to the discussion. remarks that are germane to the discussion, Yet this much is germane to the present inquiry |
| Lionize | to treat someone as being very important or famous, By the 1920's, he was lionized by literary London, Max Schmeling had been lionised as boxing's great hope. (MnM= Lion is assigned a great social importance in animal kingdom) (تحویل گرفتن) |
| Plight | Predicament, Misfortune, the desperate plight of the flood victims, the country’s economic plight, the plight of the poor/homeless, the worsening plight of Third World countries plagued by debts. (MnM=Blight) |
| Vestige | 1.trace, Sign, The new law removed the last vestiges of royal power, 2.smallest amount of a quality or feeling, There’s not a vestige of truth in the story. His report offered not a vestige of comfort. (MnM= Investigate to fine vestige) |
| Construe | Interpret, construe sth as sth, comments that could be construed as sexist, The term can be construed in two different ways. I don't want them to put the wrong construction on my actions, (MnM=Consider it true) (تعبیر کردن) |
| Larceny | theft, grand/ petty larceny, Haggerman now faces two to 20 years in prison on grand larceny charges. The couple were charged with grand / petty larceny (= stealing things that are valuable / not very valuable). (MnM= to steal a LARge SUM of money) |
| Foible | Weakness, peculiarity, Quirk, idiosyncrasy |
| Misnomer | a wrong, inappropriate, or unsuitable name, ‘Silent movie’ is a misnomer since the movies usually had a musical accompaniment. It's something of a misnomer to refer to these inexperienced boys as soldiers. (MnM= Missed the real Name) |
| Rancor | resentment, without rancor, He spoke openly about the war without a trace of rancor. Even though he had lost the court case, he had shown no rancor. a rancorous dispute, `That's too bad,' Teddy said without rancor, (MnM= Hate the top Ranker) |
| Recrimination | counter-accusation, argument between people who are blaming each otherBitter accusations and recriminations followed the disaster. The peace talks broke down and ended in bitter mutual recrimination(s). (اتهام متقابل) (MnM= re-crimina-tion) |
| Stalwart | 1.n.adj. stalwart supporter/ally a loyal and strong supporter, She has been a stalwart supporter of the party for many years. Let me introduce one of the club's stalwarts. 2.Physically strong, sturdy (MnM= someone loyal will stay (STAL) in war(WART)) |
| Venal | willing to use power and influence in a dishonest way in return for money, our venal politicians, His venality has discredited Parliament. a venal regime, They are accused of being involved in venal practices. (MnM= we are null so lets be bribed) (پولکی) |
| Callous | Heartless, not caring that other people are suffering, Callous disregard/ indifference/ killer / attitude, We were shocked at the callous disregard for human life. a callous attitude, the callous slaughter of seals, the callousness of Raymond's murder. |
| Plunder | Steal the money or propriety, (غارت کردن),The rich provinces of Asia were plundered by the invaders. Unlicensed fishermen have plundered tuna stocks. (اموال غارت شده) Henry’s army returned loaded down with plunder. They plundered and burned the town |
| Protestation | A protestation is a strong declaration that sth is true or not. Despite his constant protestations of devotion and love, her doubts persisted. Despite his protestation to the contrary, he was extremely tired. She repeated her protestation of innocence. |
| Congenital | Inborn (disease and quality), congenital abnormalities, a congenital defect, He’s a congenital liar. lier congenital inability to make decisions, a congenital abnormality/disease/defect/deformity, congenitally deaf patients. (MnM=Comes from Gene) |
| Homage | Respect, The film pays homage to Martin Scorsese’s ‘Mean Streets’, The kings of France paid homage to no one. He describes his book as ‘a homage to my father’. They stood in silent homage around the grave. (MnM=Aged people of our home are respected) |
| Restitution | 1.غرامت compensation, the restitution of art treasures missing since World War II, The offender must make restitution for the hurt that he or she has caused. 2.استرداد Return, the restitution of property seized under Communist rule (MnM=Restoration) |
| Deem | consider, Suppose, They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business. The area has now been deemed safe. I was deemed to be a competent shorthand typist, I deemed it prudent not to say anything. take any action deemed necessary (MnM=Seem) |
| Tout | praise, highly recommend, be touted as sth, Nell is being touted as the next big thing in Hollywood. Several insurance companies are touting their services/wares on local radio. Their much-touted expansion plans have come to nothing. |
| Remunerative | Profitable, Lucrative, a highly remunerative job, Charity work is not very remunerative. He is poorly remunerated (Paid) for all the work he does. They demanded adequate remuneration for their work. To seek remunerative employment (MnM=re+money+iterative) |
| Per Annum | Yearly, A salary of $40,000 per annum, The country exports goods worth $600 million per annum, Earning £30 000 per annum, contract worth $50,000 per annum |
| Fabled | legendary, the fabled 'Fountain of Youth', the fabled film director Cecil B. De Mille, the fabled city of, a fabled monster For the first week he never actually saw the fabled Jack.Troy, Korean's fabled growth |
| Reimburse | Repay, reimburse sb for sth, The company will reimburse you for travel expenses. I'll be happy to reimburse you for any expenses you might have incurred, Reimburse costs/ money/ expenses, You will receive reimbursement for any additional costs incurred. |
| Cathartic | Purging, Purgative, helping you to remove strong or violent emotions, a cathartic experience, Music is a means of catharsis for me. (MnM= CATHARSIS is getting rid of emotions CATHARTIC is getting rid of DIRT from the bowels(intestine)) |
| Incontrovertible | Indisputable, Incontrovertible Facts/ Reasons/ Proof/ Evidence, We have incontrovertible evidence of what took place. Your assertion is incontrovertibly true. Her book shows incontrovertibly that he was innocent. |
| Outlying | Remote, Far, Distant, one of the outlying suburbs, Outlying Area/ District/ Farm/ Island/ Region/ Settlement/ Suburb/ Village, Many of the pupils travel in by bus from outlying areas. Tourists can visit outlying areas like the Napa Valley Wine Country |
| Salient | Most Important, Salient Characteristic/ Example/ Fact/ Feature/ Point, To summarize the salient features/points of the proposal. The article presented the salient facts of the dispute clearly and concisely. |
| Tentative | 1.Provisional, Unconfirmed, Experimental, Not Definite, Tentative Conclusion/Agreement/ Date/Diagnosis/Step/Suggestion/Explanation/Arrangement, The government is taking tentative steps 2.Hesitant, Uncertain, Without Confidence, Tentative Steps/Smile |
| Consign | Send, he was consigned to prison , to a place where they will be forgotten about, or to an unpleasant situation or place, means to put them there. For decades, many of Malevich's works were consigned to the basements of Soviet museums, Consign to oblivion |
| Sieve | to put flour or other food through a sieve (غربال), Sieve the flour and cocoa powder into a bowl, To make the pastry, sieve the flour and salt into a mixing bowl. Pass the sauce through a sieve to remove any lumps. (MnM= u can see through a sieve) |
| Assay | To evaluate, Examine, new plate was brought for assay, gold is assayed to determine its purity, (MnM= ASSAY THE ESSAY) |
| Rout | n. & v. To defeat completely, The Russian chess team have routed all the rest. The battle/election was a complete and utter rout. They put the rebel army to rout. (completely destroyed) (MnM= All batsmen are out. Team faces "rout") |
| Parable | Allegory, the parable of the Good Samaritan, (para+able.. is a small PARAgraph that makes u able.. (i.e. gives morals), تمثیل |
| Stampede | cause to rush headlong in panic; rush headlong in panic, Two shoppers were injured in the stampede as shop doors opened on the first day of the sale. No amount of pressure will stampede (= force) this committee into making hasty decisions. |
| Trepidation | Fear and worry, With some trepidation, I opened the door. We view future developments with some trepidation. He knocked on the door with some trepidation. (MnM= Intrepid is fearless, so Trepid is fearful) |
| Unreservedly | Completely, Unrestrictedly, Without any doubt, He apologized unreservedly. He was a good strong leader, she said, who deserved his party's unreserved support. The government welcomed the announcement unreservedly. |
| Uncouth | Coarse, Rude and uncivilized, She found him loud-mouthed and uncouth. uncouth laughter an uncouth young man (MnM= uncouth + youth) |
| Coarse | Crude, rough, Coarse cloth, fabric, fiber, fishing, grain, grass, hair, linen, material, sand, texture, a jacket of coarse wool, The coarse sand was hot and rough under her feet. The coarseness of the cloth irritated her skin. coarse manners / laughter |
| Wanton | 1.Causing harm, the wanton destruction of our environment , wanton destruction, a wanton disregard for human life, the wanton killing of innocent creatures, a wanton disregard for safety,wanton extravagance 2.عیاش wanton woman (MnM=Want Ton) |
| Ire | Anger, Wrath, Fury, raise/arouse/draw sb’s ire (=make sb angry),The proposal has drawn the ire of local residents. Their ire was directed mainly at the government, to provoke the ire of local residents (US) to draw the ire of local residents (MnM=Irate) |
| Benighted | Ignorant, Uneducated, Some of the early explorers thought of the local people as benighted savages who could be exploited. Famine hit that benighted country once more. (MnM= NIGHT=DARK. The Dark Ages, Also sounds like Blighted) |
| Antipodal | diametrically opposite, polar; on the opposite side of the globe, (MnM= Anti Pole قطب مخالف) |
| Nuisance | Annoyance, Stop making a nuisance of yourself (=annoying other people with your behavior)! It’s a nuisance having to get up that early on a Sunday morning. He could be a bit of a nuisance when he was drunk |
| Purportedly | Allegedly, Supposedly, He was given a letter purportedly signed by the Prime Minister. |
| Putative | Supposed, Commonly believed,The putative leader of the terrorist organization was arrested by police in Birmingham yesterday. the putative father of her child (Putatively=Supposedly) (MnM= Reputive gods are commonly believed) |
| Encumbrance | Burden, When you're walking 30 miles a day, the fewer encumbrances the better. Magdalena considered the past an irrelevant encumbrance. The whole process was encumbered with bureaucracy. He died in 1874, heavily encumbered by debt. (MnM=Cumber=Burden) |
| Fastidious | 1.meticulous, people who are fastidious about personal hygiene, He is very fastidious about how a suitcase should be packed. 2.(sometimes disapproving) not liking things to be dirty or untidy |
| Finicky | 1.fussy, Difficult to pleased, She’s very finicky about what she eats. a finicky eater, He's terribly finicky about his food. 2.fastidious, وسواسیRepairing watches must be a very finicky job. (MnM=Picky) |
| Incensed | furious, Angry, incensed at, Fans were incensed at the decision to ban the song. incensed that, Passengers are incensed that rail companies make huge profits while service remains poor. I was so incensed by what he was saying I had to walk out. |
| Humble | 1.adj.(+), Modest and Deferential, متواضع 2.(-), Lowly, having a low social class or position, humble background/origins, He rose from humble beginnings to become boss of Ford. 3.humble place is ordinary 2.v.Humiliate, he humbled himself to ask for help |
| Impassioned | FULL of passion, (NOT Dispassionate) Fervent, She appeared on television to make an impassioned plea for help. an impassioned speech, Impassioned letter/ Speech/ Plea, He made an impassioned appeal for peace. |
| Involute | Convoluted, Complex, Furthermore, the free anterior margin of the lobule is arched toward the lobe and is often involute |
| Plucky | Brave, Plucky heroine, She showed a lot of pluck in standing up to her boss. The plucky schoolgirl amazed doctors by hanging on to life for nearly two months. The plucky youngster had four operations during her long battle against the illness. |
| Pusillanimous | Cowardly, Timid, Frightened of Risk, He's too pusillanimous to stand up to his opponents. The authorities have been too pusillanimous in merely condemning the violence. The soldier deserted his troop in a pusillanimous manner. |
| Recreant | Cowardly, (MnM= Re (again and again)+creant (create). So creating some excuses again and again not to go for a fight because you are a COWARD.) |
| Viridian | a bluish-green pigment |
| Meretricious | Worthless, Seems attractive but has no real value or is not based on the truth, Meretricious research, He claims that a lot of journalism is meretricious and superficial. (MnM= Not Meritorious) |
| Svelte /svelt/ | thin and graceful, Slender, lithe, She was slim, svelte, and sophisticated, کشیده (MnM= swell-it... opposite of svelte) |
| Importune | pester, harass with insistent demands, beseech, an importunate beggar/crowd/ demand, As a tourist, you are importuned for money the moment you step outside your hotel. One can no longer walk the streets without seeing beggars importuning passers by. |
| Wheedle | Coax, She even managed to wheedle more money out of him. He managed to wheedle his way into the offices. an opportunity to wheedle more money out of Wilson. (MnM= when we NEED sth very urgently we try to obtain it in whatever way possible) |
| Undergird | Strengthen, To support, facts and statistics subtly undergird his commentary, undergird the ship (MnM= To put a grid under sth to support it) |
| Commotion | Disturbance, Uproar, sudden noisy activity, They heard a commotion downstairs. Everyone looked to see what was causing the commotion. His arrival caused quite a commotion. (MnM= Com (Together) + Motion) |
| Intersperse | Scatter, Intermix, The documentary intersperses graphical animations with film clips of the actual event. Her handwritten notes were interspersed throughout the text. Originally the intention was to intersperse the historical scenes with modern ones. |
| Jabber | Chatter, Gabble, The tourists were jabbering away on the bus. The girl jabbered incomprehensibly. After a minute or two I left them there jabbering away. (MnM= Ver Zadan) |
| Overdue | 1. Late, Should have happened long time ago, He was overdue for a shave. We welcome this announcement and think it’s long overdue. This debate is long overdue2.Unpaid, an overdue gas bill, The library books are overdue. |
| Counteract | To reduce or Prevent the unpleasant effect, Counteract the Effects/Influence/Trend, They gave him drugs to counteract his withdrawal symptoms. My husband has to take several pills to counteract high blood pressure, To counteract the effects of stress. |
| Hike | Rise, hike in, The president has proposed a hike in the minimum wage. price/rate/tax/fee hikes, Several airlines have proposed fare hikes, effective October. The recent hike in train fares came as a shock to commuters, sudden 1.75% hike in interest rates |
| Earmarked for | 1.Intended for, Designated for, 85% of foreign aid is earmarked for specific purposes. schools earmarked for closure (Earmark=Set aside), Earmark the Fund/Money/Cash/Budget/Aid. 2.Characteristic, The incident has all the earmarks of a terrorist attack. |
| Impending | Imminent, Approaching, impending Danger/ Doom/ Death/ Disaster/ Change/ Arrival/ Conflict/ Crises/ Demise/ Departure/ Invasion/ Retirement/ Shortage/ War/ Visit, She had a sense of impending disaster. impending changes in government legislation |
| To no avail | For nothing, With no result, In vain, We searched the whole area but all to no avail. We tried to persuade her not to resign, but to no avail (Avail=Use,Purpose) Guests should feel at liberty to avail themselves of your facilities. This is of little avail |
| Bear on | Be relevant to, relate to, It has no bearing on whether A, the national policies which bear on these problems |
| Compel | To force sb to do sth, As a school boy he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter. The new circumstances compelled a change in policy. He felt compelled to (=had to) report the incident. compelling evidence, It's a fairly compelling argument for going |
| Impugn /ɪmˈpjuːn/ | Call into question, Challenge, Impugn the Integrity/ Motive (To say that they are not honest), I did not mean to impugn her professional abilities, The Secretary's letter questions my veracity and impugns my motives Impugning the decision. |
| Rectify | To correct, To put right, Rectify error/ fault/ imbalance/ injustice/ mistake/ omission/ problem/ situation, Every effort is made to rectify any errors/mistakes before the book is printed. Only an act of Congress could rectify the situation |
| Quell | To suppress, to put down, quell the violence/ disturbance/ riot/ anxiety/ controversy/ disorder/ disturbance/ fear/ rebellion/ unrest, uprising, Police used live ammunition to quell the disturbances. Trying to quell the panic inside her. |
| Tamper | To meddle, Interfere, tamper with sth to make changes to sth without permission, especially in order to damage it, I don’t see the point in tampering with a system that’s worked fine so far. I don't want to be accused of tampering with the evidence. |
| Slake | To quench, To Satisfy, Slake the Thirst/ Desire/ Craving, I don't think Dick will ever manage to slake his lust for power. Nothing will slake the public's appetite for celebrity gossip. |
| Scruple | Hesitate, He had no scruples about selling faulty goods to people. a man with no moral scruples, They did not scruple to bomb innocent civilians. She is totally without scruple. (MnM=Screw People) (محظوریت اخلاقی) |
| Annotate | To Comment on, an annotated edition of ‘Othello’ Annotated editions of Shakespeare's plays help readers to understand old words. The annotation of literary texts makes them more accessible. It will be published with annotations and index. |
| Vapid | Tasteless, Insipid, lacking intelligence, interest, or imagination, vapid conversation, a vapid television programme, the spiritual vapidity of Western materialism, She made a vapid comment about the weather. |
| Vacuous | Empty, Silly, Vapid, a vacuous remark/question/expression/smile, Male models are not always so vacuous as they are made out to be. (MnM= vacuous can be seen as vacuum which means, a region empty of matter.) |
| Limpid | clear or transparent, limpid blue eyes/ pools, Limpid Prose, She gave her a golden flask of limpid olive oil. Limpid speech/ writing/ music as = clear, simple and flowing. He thought the speech a model of its kind, limpid and unaffected. (زلال) |
| Mulish | Stubborn, Obstinate, a mulish look , (MnM= Nemishe Bemalish) |
| Impair | Have a negative effect on, Impair the Ability/Circulation/Effectiveness/Hearing/Immunity/ Judgment/Mobility/Performance/Quality/Vision, The illness had impaired his ability to think and concentrate. Impaired vision/hearing. Physical/Mental impairment |
| Efface | Erase, deface, Remove, Nothing can efface the last picture I have of them from my mind. The whole country had tried to efface the memory of the old dictatorship. an event that has helped efface the country's traditional image, self-effacing |
| Anathema | Abhorrent, Credit controls are anathema to the government. For older employees, the new system is an anathema. Violence was anathema to them. |
| Yen | a strong desire, yen for, a yen for foreign travel, yen to do something, She’d always had a yen to write a book. I have a yen for travelling. (MnM= Remember YEARN) |
| Extricate | Untangle, extricate yourself/somebody from sth, How was he going to extricate himself from this situation? 2. to remove someone from a place in which they are trapped, Firemen had to extricate the driver from the wreckage. |
| Flout | Defy, Disobey the Law, Flout the Law/ Convention/ Rule/ Regulation, Contravene, Some companies flout the rules and employ children as young as seven. deliberately/openly flout sth, The union had openly flouted the law |
| Extort | Obtain by force, Blackmail, Extort Money/ Information, Rebels extorted money from local villagers. He faces charges of kidnapping and extortion. Her kidnapper extorted a £175,000 ransom for her release. |
| Pensive | thoughtful, Jan looked pensive. Pensive mood, He gazed pensively at the glass in front of him, lost in thought. He looked suddenly somber, pensive. (MnM= With a pen in your mouth, you are always indulged in some kind of thought.) |
| Pique | 1.n. Irritation, Anger, He stormed out in a fit of pique. 2.v. To insult, Offend, Irritate, Privately, Zarich was piqued that his offer was rejected. Pique your interest/curiosity= feel interested, She was hostile to him, which piqued his curiosity. |
| Make a recourse to | Make an appeal to متوسل شدن |
| Account for | 1.Explain or To cause sth, Now, the gene they discovered today doesn't account for all those cases. 2.Constitude, Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption. To Account for Difference/ Discrepancy/ Variation/ Fact |
| Intuit | To Sense or perceive intuitively, He intuited that I was worried about the situation. They would confidently intuit your very thoughts. He was probably right to intuit that it was universal. She intuited that something was badly wrong. |
| Somber | Sad, Gloomy, Grave. They sat in somber silence. We were all in a somber mood that night. a somber expression, on the somber occasion of his mother’s funeral, a somber atmosphere/voice/face |
| Quixotic/kwɪkˈsɑːtɪk/ | Quixotic ideas or plans are not practical, Idealistic, Imaginative This is a vast, exciting, and perhaps quixotic project, He has always lived his life by a hopelessly quixotic code of honor. |
| Ignominious | humiliating, disgraceful, ignominious Defeat/Failure/Retreat/Withdrawal/ End to his career, The Workers' Coalition experienced the ignominy of total defeat in the last election. He made one mistake and his career came to an ignominious end. مفتضح |
| Vicissitudes /vɪˈsɪsətuːdz/ | Continuous Changes and problems that affect a situation or a person, vicissitudes of, the vicissitudes of married life, Whatever the vicissitudes of her past life, Jill now seems to have come through. |
| Opprobrious | ABUSIVE, vituperative, opprobrious epithets, opprobrious conduct. International opprobrium has been heaped on the country following its attack on its neighbors. |
| Frenzy | Excitement, Madness, Hysteria, a frenzy of religious feeling/ Nationalism, The women were screaming and in a frenzy to get home. Doreen had worked herself into a frenzy. As soon as they smelled smoke, the frenzied animals milled about in their cages. |
| Damp | 1.Adj. Moist, a damp cloth/hair/Weather/Smell, 2.N.=Dampen, Moisture, Damp had stained the walls. 3.V. To Moderate, Nothing you can say will dampen her enthusiasm. I didn't want to dampen his spirits. |
| Demean | Humiliate, Degrade, Discredit, language that demeans women, The entire family was demeaned by his behavior. That advertisement is demeaning to women. I wasn't going to demean myself by acting like a suspicious wife. |
| Embolden | Make Bold, Fortify, Encourage, Emboldened by her smile, he asked her to dance. Emboldened by drink, he walked over to speak to her. With such a majority, the administration was emboldened to introduce radical new policies. |
| Faze | to Frighten, disturb, John was embarrassed, but it didn’t faze Mike a bit. Big concert halls do not faze Melanie |
| Discountenance | to DISCONCERT, discomfit, unsettle, she was not discountenanced by the accusation |
| Retrench | To Economize, Reduce, to start spending less money, or reducing costs, The company had to retrench because of falling orders. The downturn in business has resulted in many retrenchments. |
| Usurp | To Seize, to take someone else’s power, position, job when you do not have the right to, To usurp Authority/Throne/Place. The powers of local councils are being usurped by central government. The usurpation of power, (MnM= us(e)+ur+p(ower)) |
| Atypical | Unusual, Irregular, Aberrant, Untypical, The sociable behavior of lions is considered atypical of the cat family The economy of the province was atypical because it was particularly small (MnM=NOT Typical) |
| Doldrums | boredom, dismal mood, depression, The property market has been in the doldrums for months. Recent economic doldrums have damaged the rural west. (MnM= Dole + Drum) |
| Humdrum | Boring, Mandate, Tedious, humdrum existence/job/life/Routine, the prisoners’ humdrum routine the use of computers to perform humdrum tasks the humdrum business of making money (MnM= Hum (voice) + Drum) |
| Conundrum | Puzzle, Riddle, Problem, the conundrum of our purpose on Earth, The theological conundrum of the existence of evil |
| Execrate | REVILE, Hate, Abhor, the men were execrated as corrupt, (MnM= Ex + Sacred) |
| Disdain | Contempt, Scorn, She watched me with disdain. a look of complete disdain, Childcare was seen as women’s work, and men disdained it. The older musicians disdain the new, rock-influenced music. a disdainful expression |
| Despise | DETEST, hate, loathe, abhor, She despised her neighbors. She despised him for the way he treated her sister. despicable behavior, He despised himself for being so cowardly. He's a despicable human being! It was despicable of her to lie about her friend. |
| Miscreant | Rascal, Criminal, We need tougher penalties to discourage miscreants. Local people demanded that the District Magistrate apprehend the miscreants. (MnM= MISCREANT=mis+create..so god created them by mistake. Who? The VILLAINS) |
| Downtrodden | OPPRESSED, subjugated, the downtrodden masses, The owner is making huge profits at the expense of downtrodden peasants, It was a downtrodden nation during centuries of foreign occupation. the downtrodden peasants (لگد مال شده) |
| Interject | To Interrupt, That’s absolute rubbish!’ he interjected. "That's absolutely ridiculous!" Mary interjected. He listened thoughtfully, interjecting only the odd word. Surely there's something we can do?' interjected Palin |
| Conjure | 1. to Implore 2. to bring a thought, picture, idea, or memory to someone’s mind, conjure up images/pictures/thoughts |
| Adjure | to ask or order someone to do something, The judge adjured him to answer truthfully. Gwen adjured him to be truthful. He adjured them to tell the truth. (MnM= To Swear) |
| De Jure | True or right because of a law (<> de facto), The country has de facto independence, and it will soon be recognized de jure by the world's governments. The President aims to create a de jure one-party state. Politicians and kings, de jure leaders of men. |
| Thrust | 1.V.Push 2.N. Gist, Main Idea, The thrust of the speech, the main thrust of the government’s education policy, The main thrust of her argument, The main thrust of the research 3.N. Power, He killed her with a thrust of the knife. |
| Amiss | Wrong, afield, astray, awry, I could see by the look on their faces that something was amiss, He shone a light inside and saw nothing amiss. spoke amiss; straying far afield; afraid the letter would go astray; thinking awry; plans that went wrong. |
| Afield | Away, far/further/farthest afield, Long distance away, They were exporting as far afield as Alexandria. students who come from further afield, We export our products to countries as far afield as Japan and Canada. |
| Countenance | to accept, support, or approve of sth, The school will not countenance bad behavior, countenance (somebody) doing something, I will not countenance you being rude to Dr Baxter. We will not give/lend countenance (= approval) to any kind of terrorism. |
| Atrocious | Awful, Appalling, Evil, Brutal, atrocious weather, Her singing was atrocious. an atrocious crime, an atrocious film/piece of acting/Condition/Behavior (MnM=Atrophy) |
| Atrophy | To become weaker, To wither, After several months in a hospital bed, my leg muscles had atrophied. In the 1980s, their political power gradually atrophied (= became weaker). atrophied religious values Memory can atrophy through lack of use. |
| Flounder | To struggle (physical, mental, and financial), People were floundering in the water Floundered, she did not know what to say, More and more firms are floundering because of the recession. The new democracy continues to flounder. (دست و پا زدن، تقلا کردن) |
| Epiphany | 1. an occasion when you suddenly understand something, Isaac Newton's epiphany about gravity and a falling apple. 2.ظهور عیسی |
| Impasse | Deadlock, Stalemate, at an impasse, The political process is at an impasse. Negotiations seemed to have reached an impasse. The dispute had reached an impasse, as neither side would compromise. to break / end the impasse (MnM= Impossible to Pass through) |
| Capitulate | To surrender, give in, Helen finally capitulated and let her son have a car. Their forces capitulated five hours after the bombardment. They were finally forced to capitulate to the terrorists' demands (MnM= CAPtain it's too late, we have to surrender) |
| Sinecure | Easy job, She found him an exalted sinecure as a Fellow of the Library of Congress. (MnM= all you have to do is SIgN papers and your job will be sECURE) |
| Gainsay | Deny, Contradict, No one dared to gainsay him. Certainly there's no gainsaying (= It is not possible to doubt) the technical brilliance of his performance. There is no gainsaying the fact that they have been responsible for building. (MnM= Against + Say) |
| Elusive | Hard to grasp or find, Elusive Concept/Character/Goal, The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever. Success, however, remained elusive for her. elusive memories, A solution to the problem of toxic waste is proving elusive. (MnM= Not Lucid) |
| Duress | illegal or unfair threats, under duress, The confession was obtained under duress. He claimed that he signed the confession under duress. The promise was obtained by duress on the part of her husband. (MnM= Confess under Duress) اجبار |
| Hermetic | 1.Airtight, a hermetic seal 2.Closed and difficult to become a part of, the strange, hermetic world of the theatre, Film industry operates in its own curiously hermetic way, Their work is more cozily hermetic than ever. مرموز |
| Occult | Mysterious, Esoteric, Supernatural, The occult rites of the organization were revealed only to members. the typically occult language of the time, occult practices, the occult powers (MnM=difficult to understand) |
| Accolade | Expression of praise, Tribute, ultimate/highest/supreme accolade, She received a Grammy Award, the highest accolade in the music business. The Nobel prize has become the ultimate accolade in the sciences, (MnM= Sounds like chocolate parents give kids) |
| Excoriate | Harshly criticize, Denounce, Berate, an excoriating review in ‘The Times’ , He proceeded to excoriate me in front of the nurses. an editorial that excoriated the administration for its inaction. (MnM= Ex + Core (Skin) + ate) |
| Denigrate | DISPARAGE, belittle, deprecate, You shouldn't denigrate people just because they have different beliefs from you. the denigration of minorities in this country. The critics have denigrated our efforts. (MnM=de+niger(Black)+ate) |
| Obliterate | To Destroy, Hiroshima was obliterated by the atomic bomb. The obliteration of isolated rainforests, ERADICATE, There was time enough to obliterate memories of how things once were for him. (MnM= lets ' all-be-literate ' and destroy illiteracy completely) |
| Bequest | Inheritance, Legacy, The church here was left a bequest to hire doctors who would work amongst the poor. He left a bequest to each of his grandchildren. میراث |
| Bequeath | LEAVE, She bequeathed her collection of paintings to the National Gallery. His father bequeathed him a fortune. bequeath an idea or system He bequeaths his successor an economy that is doing quite well (MnM= be(before)+queath(sounds like death) وصیت |
| Mordant | Caustic, biting, mordant wit/satire/humor/remark, The play’s mordant comedy makes for compelling viewing. A wicked, mordant sense of humor has come to the fore in Blur's world. His mordant wit appealed to students. (MnM=more +daant =more teeth, so biting) |
| Extraneous | Inessential, irrelevant; external, Such details are extraneous to the matter in hand. extraneous noises, extraneous information, These questions are extraneous to the issue being discussed. We shall ignore factors extraneous to the problem. |
| Stentorian | Very loud, Powerful, Stentorian Voice/Tone, a stentorian preacher, Suddenly a stentorian voice boomed across the room. (MnM=Ten Tone of voice) |
| Strident | Harsh, Strident Criticism/Tone ,a strident newspaper article, They are becoming increasingly strident in their criticism of government economic policy. He is stridently opposed to abortion. زننده، گوش خراش |
| Spurn | To Reject, Repel, Spurned Lover, She spurned all offers of help. Ellis plays the part of the young lover spurned by his mistress. The president spurned the tight security surrounding him and adopted a more intimate style of campaigning |
| Brusque /brʌsk/ | Abrupt, Curt, Dealing with many things quickly and sometimes rude, a brusque manner, His secretary was rather brusque with me. The doctors are brusque and busy, The doctor spoke in a brusque tone. تند و خشن |
| Scurrilous | DEFAMATORY, slanderous, Scurrilous remark/Article/Attack/Rumor, Scurrilous and untrue stories were being invented. He wrote a scurrilous piece about me in the local press. (MnM= Screw) رکیک ودروغ و بد زبان |
| Arcane | MYSTERIOUS, secret, covert, the arcane language of the law, The arcane rules of cricket, arcane economic theories. |
| Pan (v.) | 1.Criticize Harshly, The movie was panned by the critics. 2.Search for gold, panning for gold in Alaska 3. The camera panned slowly across the crowd. 4.Pan out=to happen, We’ll have to see how things pan out. |
| Befuddle | To Confuse, problems that are befuddling them. his befuddled manner. befuddled with drink. The explanation left him completely befuddled. (MnM=Like Bewilder, Or Being at flood of the river and confused where to go) |
| Chagrin | Disappointment or Annoyance, due to a failure/mistake, Dale was chagrined that she wasn’t impressed. To her chagrin, neither of her sons became doctors. He had discovered parties, wine and women, much to the chagrin of his parents. (MnM=Charge of Grin sb) |
| Bemusement | Bewilderment, Confusion, A look of be a bemused expression, Bemusement spread across their faces, The sheer quantity of detail would bemuse even the most clear-headed author. He looked slightly bemused by all the questions. (MnM=Be Confused) |
| Nepotism | FAVOURITISM to Family, allegations of nepotism and corruption, Many will regard his appointment as the kind of nepotism British banking ought to avoid. (MnM= Remember Nephew) |
| Cronyism | the situation in which people in power give jobs to their friends, |
| Supercilious | ARROGANT, haughty, conceited, self-important, supercilious wine waiters, He spoke in a haughty, supercilious voice. His manner is supercilious and arrogant, She gave a supercilious smile. (MnM= Super + Silly since he is too arrogant) |
| Sardonic | MOCKING, satirical, sarcastic, Sardonic/ Comment/ Eyebrow/ gleam/ grin/ humor/ smile/ tone/ wit/Smile/Look/Comment, He looked at her with sardonic amusement. |
| Fatuous | very silly or stupid SYN idiotic, fatuous questions, fatuous idea/remark/Comment/Grin, The Chief was left speechless by this fatuous remark. (MnM= Fat silly Person) |
| Ribald | Crude, vulgar, offensive, a ribald remark, ribald humor, He entertained us with ribald stories. her ribald comments about a fellow guest's body language. ribald sense of humor ribald comments / jokes / laughter (MnM=Rude and Bald person) |
| Snub | Rebuff, Treat contemptuously, Humiliate, Purposefully Ignore, the boys who had snubbed her in high school, I think she felt snubbed because Anthony hadn't bothered to introduce himself. محل نگذاشتن |
| Mellifluous | SWEET-SOUNDING, sweetly flowing a mellifluous voice/tone/piece of music sounds pleasantly smooth, I grew up around people who had wonderful, mellifluous voices (MnM= MELLIFLUENT, the music played by a 'Flute' is mellifluous, ALSO MELLOW) |
| Underdog | Weaker Party, Victim, Looser, Crowds often feel sympathy for the underdog. As a politician, her sympathy was always for the underdog in society. In politics, he was a champion of the underdog (= always fought for the rights of weaker people). |
| Electrify | To Excite, Trill, She would sit at the piano and sing, electrifying us all. an electrifying performance. The world was electrified by his courage and resistance. Her performance electrified the audience. |
| Momentous | Important, Crucial, A momentous Event/ Decision/ Change/ Occasion/ News/ Year, Whether or not to move overseas was a momentous decision for the family. the momentous decision to send in the troops. |
| Portentous | Important (Bad Thing), Ominous, The problem with the book is that it sometimes descends into portentous philosophizing. The report contains numerous portentous references to a future environmental calamity. (MnM= Por az Tens) |
| Bedlam | UPROAR, pandemonium, commotion, havoc, Chaos, When the bomb exploded, there was bedlam. It was bedlam at the football ground after the match was suspended. (MnM= Nemish Lam dad dar bed because there is a chaos) |
| Detritus | waste material or rubbish, especially that left after a particular event, the detritus of war. the detritus of everyday life, detritus of past civilizations. The stadium was littered with the detritus of yesterday's rock concert. |
| Punctilious | Meticulous, Conscientious, Joe was always punctilious about repaying loans. He was always punctilious in his manners. a punctilious host, (MnM= Punctual) |
| Waggish | humorous, clownish, waggish Remarks/Person بذله گو |
| Lighthearted | Cheerful, funny and not intended to be serious, a lighthearted attitude toward life. a lighthearted look at the life of Shakespeare, her lighthearted nature |
| Mein | appearance, look, demeanor, her sorrowful mien, His aristocratic mien and smart clothes singled him out. It was impossible to tell from his mien whether he was offended. I was impressed by her calm mien, his mild manner and aristocratic mien. |
| Convalesce | RECUPERATE, get better, recover, the time needed to convalesce after an operation, After your operation, you'll need to convalesce for a week or two. Most convalescents prefer to be cared for at home rather than in a hospital. (MnM= Altogether Get Strong) |
| Lest | In order to avoid, For fear that, She turned away from the window lest anyone see them. Worried/Concerned/Anxious lest, He paused, afraid lest he say too much. مبادا آنکه (To make things not happen) Lest anyone should doubt my story, I.. |
| Litigation | دادرسی The settlement ends more than four years of litigation on behalf of the residents. The company has been in ~ with its previous auditors for a full year. He engaged in endless ~ against the media. The alleged victims have elected to pursue ~. |
| Evocative | REMINISCENT, Suggestive, Redolent, a picture that is wonderfully evocative of a hot, summer’s day, evocative music, a sound evocative of the sea, evocative smells / sounds / music Her new book is wonderfully evocative of village life. |
| Redolent | 1.Reminiscent, a style redolent of the 60s, a campaign redolent of machine politics, an instruments, redolent of Far Eastern cultures. 2.Smelling strongly of sth, The bar was ~ with the smell of stale cigarette smoke, The redolence of herbs and spices |
| Panegyric | Commendation, Eulogy, She delivered a panegyric on the President-elect. Prince Charles's panegyric on rural living. (MnM= Pane sounds like paean means praise and gyric sounds like lyric, so panegyric means expression of praise) |
| Catholic | Diverse, She has catholic tastes (=likes a lot of different things). a catholic collection of records |
| Felicitous | Well-chosen and suitable, a felicitous choice of candidate, felicitous phrases, a felicitous turn of phrase, a felicitous comparison. a felicitous life. This sentence is grammatical, it is just not felicitous. |
| Felicity | 1.Happiness, domestic felicity, 2.The quality of being well chosen or suitable, As a songwriter, he combined great linguistic felicity with an ear for a tune. his easy verbal felicity. The story is told with great felicity of style. |
| Dispensable | Expandable, Dispensable, Part-time workers are considered dispensable. All those people in the middle are dispensable. dispensable items of personal property. dispensable drugs. |
| Expendable | DISPENSABLE, replaceable, non-essential, Once our services cease to be useful to them, we're expendable. During the recession, training budgets were seen as an expendable luxury. an expendable budget item; expendable personnel. expendable rocket boosters. |
| Indispensable | Essential, This book is indispensable to all. Meat is not indispensable for maintaining a healthy diet. Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our lives. Foods indispensable to good nutrition, The routine but indispensable ceremonies of state. |
| Meet (adj) | Suitable, proper, It seems not meet, nor wholesome to my place, sth is meet for/to sth |
| Interdict | 1.Intercept, Stop, efforts to interdict asylum seekers, Troops could be ferried in to interdict drug shipments. 2.Ban, Prohibit, they interdicted foreign commerce, The National Trust has placed an interdict on jet-skis in Dorset, Devon and Cornwall. |
| Enjoin | 1.Command, Urge, enjoin sb to do sth, The organization has been enjoined to end all restrictions. 2.Prohibit, Proscribe, enjoin sb from doing sth, The defendant was enjoined from using the patent. a preliminary injunction enjoining the practice. |
| Proscribe | Bar, Ban, Prohibit, In some cultures surgery is proscribed. They are proscribed by federal law from owning guns. proscribed organizations |
| Embargo | Sanction, Boycott, an embargo on oil sales, embargo on/against, an embargo on wheat exports, an embargo against the country arms sales were embargoed, They are planning to embargo oil imports. They embargoed oil shipments to the US. |
| Outlaw | 1.n, A person who is not protected by the law, Rebel, Nonconformist, Fugitive, a social outlaw. Robin Hood was an outlaw 2.Ban, To declare illegal, the outlawed political parties. outlawed the sale of firearms. outlawed smoking in the house. |
| Debar | To Ban, To officially prevent sth, debar somebody from (doing) something, All five men were debarred from entering France for three years. He was debarred from holding public office. |
| Coerce | to Force someone to do sth that they are unwilling to do, Local people were coerced into joining the rebel army. Coerce into making confession/ Testimony, They were coerced into negotiating a settlement. coerced the strikers into compliance |
| Manumit | Emancipate, To free from slavery, Liberate, manumitted slaves |
| Determinant | determining factor, Social class is a major determinant of consumer spending patterns. Education is the second most important determinant of recreational participation, مبین |
| Give over | If something is given over or given up to a particular use, it is used entirely for that purpose. To set apart for a particular purpose or use, Much of the garden was given over to vegetables |
| Literal | Original and Basic Meaning, Verbatim, Figurative, literal meaning/ sense/ interpretation/ reading/ representation/truth, A trade war is not a war in the literal sense. The literal meaning of 'television' is 'seeing from a distance'. کلمه به کلمه |
| Verbatim | WORD FOR WORD, Verbatim Account/Quote/Report/Transcript, a verbatim account of our conversation Their stories were taped and transcribed verbatim. She had an amazing memory and could recall verbatim quite complex conversations. کلمه به کلمه |
| Hard-nosed | TOUGH-MINDED, unsentimental, you use hard-nosed to describe someone who is tough and realistic, and who takes decisions on practical grounds rather than emotional ones. (e.g. a hard-nose businessman/negotiator) |
| Enlightened | Knowledgeable, Informed, Educated, enlightened attitude/approach, ‘Empowerment’ is the new buzz-word in enlightened management circles. We don’t actually know, but I can make an enlightened guess. |
| Extinguish | 1.Douse, Quench, Please extinguish all cigarettes. 2.Annihulate, Nullify, Extinguish an Idea/ Feeling, Nothing could extinguish his love for her. News of the bombing extinguished all hope of peace. extinguished their title to the property. |
| Hortative | Hortatory, encouraging, inciting, a hortatory speech. Not in a curse but in a hortatory appeal |
| Stygian/ˈstɪdʒiən/ | Unpleasantly Dark, the Stygian gloom |
| Ad lib | 1.adv. IMPROMPTU, I spoke from the pulpit ad lib. 2. Extemporize, She ad-libbed her way through the entire speech. I never use a script; I just ad lib the whole programme. I lost my notes and had to ad-lib the whole speech. (MnM= Out from lips) |
| Adamant | Unyielding, Inexorable, She begged me to change my mind, but I remained adamant. Britain is adamantly opposed to the new directive. The prime minister is adamant that he will not resign, (MnM= a + diamond |
| Adjourn | SUSPEND, Postpone, It was almost noon when the meeting adjourned. His trial was adjourned until May. The defense attorney requested an adjournment. court adjourned for lunch. (MnM= The lawyer 'Adjured' the judge) |
| Alibi | Excuse, a perfect/cast-iron/unshakeable alibi, He had a perfect alibi and the police let him go. The suspects all had alibis for the day of the robbery. She was in the office all of Wednesday and so has a solid ~. |
| Aggrieve | DISTRESS, constrain, oppress, his behavior grieves his mother زردن ، جور و جفا کردن |
| Procrastinate | Postpone, People often procrastinate when it comes to paperwork. Most often we procrastinate when faced with sth do not want to do. He hates delay and procrastination in all its forms. People were dying of starvation while governments procrastinated. |
| Temerity | AUDACITY, Boldness, He actually had the temerity to tell her to lose weight. difficult' patients who have the temerity to challenge their doctors' decisions. He had the temerity to call me a liar! (MnM= Timidity<>Temerity) |
| Allowance | PERMITTED AMOUNT, His father gives him a monthly allowance of £200. The baggage/luggage allowance for most flights is 20 kilos. We should make allowance for bad weather and have plenty of umbrellas available. |
| Alliteration | The sentence, "Happy Harry hates to hurry" uses alliteration. 'Round the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran' uses alliteration. (MnM= All+Iteration = iteration means repeating.) |
| Bathos | ANTICLIMAX, a sudden change from a subject that is beautiful, moral, or serious to something that is ordinary, silly, or not important, The play is too sentimental and full of bathos. a serious play with moments of comic bathos (MnM= BATH+Soap falls) |
| Allude | Refer, to mention sth or sb indirectly, allude to sb/sth, Rick didn’t want to discuss his past, though he alluded darkly to ‘some bad things that happened.’ The candidate alluded to the recent war by saying, “We've all made sacrifices.” |
| Oxymoron | a phrase that combines two words that seem to be the opposite of each other, for example a deafening silence, a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. |
| Linger | stay longer than usual, a taste that lingers in your mouth, Unfortunately the tax will linger on until April. Aroma/ Camera/ Gaze/ Scent/ Silence/ Suspicion/ Word Linger, She gave him a long, lingering kiss. (MnM= Longer) |
| Amble | STROLL, saunter, wander, ramble, An old man came out and ambled over for a chat. a pleasant amble by the river (MnM= ambulance is a walking (moving) hospital; somnambulism is sleep walking; ambulatory = able to walk and not bedridden) |
| Stroll | To walk along at a leisurely pace, Saunter, Amble, We were strolling along, laughing and joking. refrigerator and, glass in hand, strolled to the kitchen window |
| Saunter | Stroll, saunter along/around/in, He came sauntering down the road with his hands in his pockets. He sauntered by, looking as if he had all the time in the world, This part of the route should be an easy saunter. |
| Amplitude | MAGNITUDE, size, volume, FULLNESS, The sheer amplitude of the novel invites comparisons with Tolstoy and George Eliot. The football stadium has seating space of great amplitude. |
| Meager | meager income/earnings/wages, He supplements his meager income by working on Saturdays.a school with meager resources, a meager salary, the meager soil of an eroded plain |
| Heirloom | family possession handed down from generation to generation, She treasured the brooch because it was an heirloom. This ring is a family heirloom. |
| Hale | robust, healthy, She’s still hale and hearty at 74. She is remarkable and I'd like to see her remain hale and hearty for years yet. (MnM= hale and hearty) |
| Ancillary | ADDITIONAL, auxiliary, ancillary workers/staff etc workers who provide additional help and services, Agreement was reached on several ancillary matters. an ancillary role, ancillary rights (MnM= think of Hillary Clinton supports Obama) |
| Prowl | MOVE STEALTHILY, There have been reports of a masked man prowling in the neighborhood. At night, adult scorpions prowl the desert for (= trying to catch) insects. (MnM=Prowl for Prey) |
| Stultify | mock, deride, degrade, HAMPER, She felt the repetitive exercises stultified her musical technique so she stopped doing them. This attitude stultifies scientific progress, A rigid routine can be stultifying and boring. (MnM= rhymes with NULLIFY) |
| Inveigle | Cajole, Seduce, Inveigle sb into sth, to persuade sb to do what you want in a dishonest way, She had inveigled me into taking messages to her lover. He inveigled himself into her affections (made her love him) (MnM= To put your intention IN VEIL) |
| Extenuate | EXCUSE, mitigate, He was unable to say anything that might have extenuated his behavior. She was found guilty of theft, but because of extenuating circumstances (a situation which made her crime seem less serious) was not sent to prison. (MnM= Attenuate) |
| Decrepit | FEEBLE, DILAPIDATED, The buildings were in a decrepit state. He was a rather decrepit old man. a state of decrepitude, a decrepit building / vehicle, (MnM= Decrease in Brad pit's muscular strength made him very weak) |
| Eleemosynary | benevolent, charitable, eleemosynary, philanthropic, These adjectives mean of, concerned with, providing, or provided by charity |
| Brandish | FLOURISH, wave, shake, A man leapt out, brandishing a kitchen knife. flourished her newly signed contract; brandish a sword; waving a baton. He appeared in the lounge brandishing a knife. |
| Flourish | 1.Thrive, Grow, (<> Flounder), The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing. 2.Brandish,Wave, She walked quickly to the desk, flourishing her cheque book. |
| Denotation | A denotation is the literal meaning of a word; a connotation is the feeling that accompanies that word. The denotations of the two expressions "the morning star" and "the evening star" are the same |
| Declivity | A downward slope, as of a hill. opposed to Acclivity, Not just any declivity can serve as a wheelchair ramp—I’m pretty sure this thing is too steep to pass regulations. |
| Dilate | 1.To Expand, become wide, The pupils of the eyes dilate as darkness increases. This drug will dilate the arteries. Blood vessel/ Eye/ Artery/ Pupil Dilate 2. dilate on/upon sth, to speak or write a lot about sth, He dilated upon their heroism. |
| Expatiate | SPEAK/WRITE AT LENGTH, expatiate on/upon sth, to speak or write in detail about a particular subject, She expatiated on/upon her work for the duration of the meal. expatiated on the subject until everyone was bored. |
| Enunciate | to express an idea or principle clearly and exactly, ideas that he was to enunciate decades later, In the speech, the leader enunciated his party's proposals for tax reform. He doesn't enunciate (his words) very clearly. |
| Defray | To Pay, defray costs/expenses, The proceeds from the competition help to defray the expenses of the evening. The company will defray all your expenses, including car hire. The government has committed billions toward defraying the costs of the war. |
| Menacing | THREATENING, ominous, intimidating, dark menacing clouds, a low menacing laugh, His tone grew more menacing, Dogs running loose are a public menace. It’s the only way to deal with the menace of drug dealing. The elephants are still menaced by poachers. |
| Riveting | FASCINATING, gripping, engrossing, interesting, riveting performance, His story makes riveting listening. Many parts of an aircraft are riveted together. He pulled out a gun and I was riveted to the spot (= so frightened that I could not move). |
| Remit | 1.Send Money, Many immigrants regularly remit money to their families. 2. to cancel or free sb from a debt, duty, punishment, To cancel, to remit a fine |
| Emanate | To Flow out from, To origin from, To show a particular quality, He emanates tranquility. Wonderful smells were emanating from the kitchen. reports emanating from America. Music Emanate Aura, light that emanated from a lamp; a stove emanated a steady heat. |
| Pejorative | DISPARAGING, derogatory, For hard-line Republicans, the word ‘liberal’ had become a pejorative term. Pejorative connotation, sense, term I’m using the word ‘academic’ here in a pejorative sense. |
| Insinuate | Imply, Are you insinuating that the money was stolen? She didn't reply - she merely smiled that insinuating smile. Insinuate Themselves Into A Situation= manage very cleverly, and perhaps dishonestly insinuated himself into her life |
| Retribution | PUNISHMENT, penalty, Victims are demanding retribution for the terrorist attacks, divine retribution (=punishment by God) People are seeking retribution for the latest terrorist outrages. |
| Undercut | 1.Undersell, Online bookstores can undercut retailers by up to 30%. 2.Undermine, Is a lack of self-confidence undercutting your performance at work? Big supermarkets can undercut all rivals, especially small high-street shops. UNDERCUT A PRICE/ ARGUMENT |
| Modulate | to change something, such as an action or a process, to make it more suitable for its situation, An elected committee will meet monthly to modulate the council's energy policy. The famine turned the normal modulation of climate into disaster. |
| Feckless | USELESS, worthless, incompetent, inept, they lack determination or strength, and are unable to do anything properly. Alice’s feckless younger brother, (MnM=sounds like fuckless people who fuck less are not effective i.e ineffective.) |
| Tout | To praise sth or someone in order to persuade people that they are important or worth a lot, his much touted musical, be touted as something, Nell is being touted as the next big thing in Hollywood. Their much-touted expansion plans have come to nothing. |
| Flaunt | SHOW OFF, display ostentatiously, The rich flaunted their wealth while the poor starved on the streets. He's got a lot of money but he doesn't flaunt it. She openly flaunted her affair with the senator. به رخ کشيدن (MnM+ Flamboyant) |
| Throwback | Regression, atavism, a person or thing that is similar to an earlier type, He's an unappealing throwback to the days of '80s City slickers. In Her whole outfit was a throwback to the 1970s. a social event which is a throwback to a different age |
| Encumber | burden, Hamper, He died in 1874, heavily encumbered by debt. encumber with, The whole process was encumbered with bureaucracy. When you're walking 30 miles a day, the fewer encumbrances the better. The business is encumbered with debt. |
| Resurrect | Revive, raise from the dead, The Home Office have resurrected plans to build a new prison. Another failed attempt to resurrect his career, Several members of the party have resurrected the idea of constitutional change. The campaign for reform resurrected |
| Decimate | to destroy a large part of something, Injury Decimate Army/System/Organization, The population has been decimated by disease. Populations of endangered animals have been decimated. a recession which decimated the nation's manufacturing industry. |
| Resuscitate | Revive, Resurrect, Doctors managed to resuscitate him. mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, He has submitted a bid to resuscitate the struggling magazine. efforts to resuscitate the economy |
| Regimentation | extreme organization and control of people, a regimented school/society/lifestyle (Too organized), Democracy is incompatible with excessive, bureaucratic regimentation of social life. |
| Connive | conspire, They connived with their mother to deceive me. We could not have escaped without the connivance of the guards He's a conniving bastard! local authorities suspected of conniving with the Mafia. |
| Underrate | underestimate, undervalue, belittle, The company has consistently underrated the importance of a well-trained workforce, He is a very underrated poet, |
| Grudging | RELUCTANT, unwilling, Grudging acceptance, admiration, admission, approval, respect, She won the grudging respect of her boss. The film studio grudgingly agreed to allow him to continue working. He could not help feeling a grudging admiration for the her. |
| Transcendental | Superior, transcendental experiences or ideas are beyond normal human understanding and experience, a transcendental vision of the nature of God, the transcendental nature of God. a transcendental experience |
| Tussle | Struggle, Contest, After quite a tussle, I wrenched the letter from him. The residents are still tussling over the ever-scarcer street parking. He grabbed my microphone and we tussled over that There was a legal tussle over the closure of the hospital. |
| Falter | 1.To become weaker, Her friends never faltered in their belief in her. The economy shows no signs of faltering. 2.To move or speak not-confidently, The nurse saw him falter and made him lean on her. His voice faltered as he began his speech. |
| Lavish | 1.Adj. Large, Expensive, a lavish lifestyle 2.very generous, He was always lavish in his praise of my efforts. 3.V. to give someone or something a lot of love, praise, money, He lavished attention on her. Hug your children and lavish them with love. |
| Ration | To distribute in fixed quantities ,Fuel was rationed during the war. the need to ration health care resources, fuel rationing, the decision to ration food, diets which ration fatجيره بندى کردن |
| Coterminous | 1.bordering upon, contiguous; France is coterminous with Italy.2.having the same borders having the same pattern or features, He seems to regard the interests of the state as coterminous with the interests of the party in government. |
| Awe-inspiring | Extremely impressive making you feel great respect, a truly awe-inspiring achievement, Niagara Falls really is an awe-inspiring sight. Her knowledge of computers is quite awe-inspiring. The Taj Mahal is often considered to be an awe-inspiring sight. |
| Faddish | trendy, of a passing fashion, it has no real value and that it will not remain popular for very long. I was a really faddy eater when I was young. faddish footwear. |
| Touchstone | Yardstick, something used as a test or standard, Pupil behavior was seen as ‘the touchstone of quality’ of the school system. Until relatively recently, the Japanese car industry was the touchstone of international success. the touchstone for quality |
| Exemplar | EPITOME, perfect example, model, paragon, Milt’s career is an exemplar of survival in difficult times. It is an exemplar of a house of the period. They viewed their new building as an exemplar of taste. Her career was an exemplar of individual success |
| Embodiment | epitome, He is the embodiment of evil. She embodied good sportsmanship on the playing field. He was the embodiment of the English gentleman. He is the embodiment of the young successful businessman |
| Personification | 1.EMBODIMENT, incarnation, epitome, He became the personification of the financial excess of the 1980s. He was usually the personification of kindness. 2.the practice of representing objects, qualities, etc. as humans, in art and literature |
| Quintessence | 1.PERFECT EXAMPLE, He was the quintessence of all that Eva most deeply loathed. 2.the most important features of sth essence, a painting that captures the quintessence of Viennese elegance, the quintessence of evil. |
| Apotheosis | 1.Paragon, Epitome, the apotheosis of romantic art , The Oriental in Bangkok is the apotheosis of the grand hotel. 2.Apex, Most people agree that her acting career achieved its apotheosis in this film, That night was Richard's apotheosis. |
| Reify | Demonstrate, To regard or treat (an abstraction) as if it had concrete or material existence. Materialize, جسميت دادن به |
| Impound | Confiscate, Appropriate, take possession of, commandeer, expropriate, He sued the police after they impounded his car. The police impounded cars and other personal property belonging to the drug dealers. The vehicle was impounded by customs. |
| Expropriate | Confiscate, Requisition, Appropriate, Impound, He was discovered to have been expropriating company funds. The Bolsheviks expropriated the property of the landowners. the expropriation of property (MnM= Ex + Property) |
| Requisition | 1.N. The staff made a requisition for (sent a written request for) new chairs. 2.V.Comandeer, Authorities requisitioned hotel rooms to lodge more than 3,000 stranded Christmas vacationers. The army requisitioned all the cars and trucks they could find. |
| Pitfall | HAZARD, danger, risk, peril, Snag, He gave me advice on how to avoid the pitfalls of the legal process. the pitfalls associated with the purchase of a used car, The pitfalls of working abroad are numerous, the potential pitfalls of buying a house |
| Gloat | If someone is gloating, they are showing pleasure at their own success or at other people's failure in an arrogant and unpleasant way. Don't gloat over your rival's misfortune. Anti-abortionists are gloating over the court's decision. This is nothing to g |
| Prompting | an act of persuading sb to do sth |
| Atonement | Reparation, amends, penance, repentance, The priest is a representative of his people, making atonement for their sin. He's living in a monastery in a gesture of atonement for human rights abuses committed under his leadership |
| Atone | MAKE AMENDS, Repent, Richard was anxious to atone for his thoughtlessness. to atone for a crime a desire to atone He felt he had atoned for what he had done to his son, These crimes must be atoned for. |
| Descry | see from far away; discover, Spay, The lighthouse, which can be descried from a distance, descried a message of hope in her words. |
| Espy | Descry, to suddenly or unexpectedly See sth a long distance away, catch sight of She suddenly espied someone waving at her from the window. among the several horses, she espied the white mustang |
| Laureate | 1.n, a person who has been given an official honour or prize for sth important they have achieved, a Nobel laureate, Nigeria’s Nobel laureate, Wole Soyinka, 2.Adj, worthy of honor, deserving recognition |
| Histrionic | histrionic behavior is emotional, dramatic, exaggerated, and intended to attract attention in a way that does not seem sincere, histrionic gestures, Dorothea let out a histrionic groan. I'd had enough of Lydia's histrionics. |
| Mediocrity | state of being average, ordinariness, The film's plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre. Parents don't want their children going to mediocre schools. His acting career started brilliantly, then sank into mediocrity. |
| Festive | JOLLY, merry, joyous, Festive atmosphere, celebration, decoration, greeting, meal, mood, occasion, period, season, shopper, spirit, touch, treat, wreath, The town has a festive holiday atmosphere |
| Proprietary | 1.Proprietary substances or products are sold under a trade name. some proprietary brands of dog food 2.Proprietary Attitude towards sth=act as though we own it. Directors weren't allowed any proprietary airs about the product they made. |
| Bittersweet | both pleasant and painful, bittersweet memories of childhood, bittersweet memories of his first appearance for the team. a movie with a bittersweet ending. |
| Do-over | A repeat of a previous activity, with the hope of greater success, I keep looking for the do-over |
| In the vicinity of | Around, Approximately, Near, The team is believed to have paid in the vicinity of £3 million for Domingo. The stolen car was found in the vicinity of the station. There are several hotels in the immediate vicinity of the station. |
| Devoid of | entirely lacking or free from. His face was devoid of any warmth or humour. I have never looked on a face that was so devoid of feeling, The letter was devoid of warmth and feeling. a novel devoid of wit and inventiveness. تهی از |
| Presumptive | Putative, supposed, conjectured, assumed, a presumptive diagnosis, By late May, he was already considered his party's presumptive nominee. گستاخ ، جسور ، فرضى ، احتمالى |
| Regality | Kingdom, Sovereignty, Regal=،شاهانه regal power, a ceremony of regal splendor, James watched with regal detachment. She dismissed him with a regal gesture. (MnM= Remember Royal) |
| Topple | Collapse, Overthrow, A stack of plates began to topple over. This scandal could topple the government. The Revolution Topple the Government/ President/ Regime/ Statue, The church was involved in the struggle that toppled the dictatorship. (MnM= Tapaleh) |
| Embroider | Decorate, Embellish, embroider something with something, he dress was embroidered with flowers. Embroider something on something, colorful design was embroidered on the sleeve of the shirt. A richly embroidered jacket |
| Iniquitous | Unjust, Unfair, and morally wrong, an iniquitous system of taxation, an iniquitous fine, They fought long and hard against the iniquities of apartheid. an iniquitous system / practice (MnM= In (without) Equity) |
| Consult | to look for information in a book, map, list, Menu, Map Label, Guide, Record, Have you consulted a dictionary? |
| Dislodge | 1.Displace, Ian dislodged a few stones as he climbed up the rock. r 2. Extricate, Remove, economic sanctions failed to dislodge the dictator, The earthquake dislodged stones from the walls and the roof. |
| Preemptive | due to initial rights, designed to make a first strike against sb planning to attack, a preemptive attack. The two companies organized a preemptive alliance against a possible takeover by another firm. a series of pre-emptive strikes on guerilla bases |
| Conducive | FAVOURABLE, Opportune, Propitious, an environment conducive to learning, This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying. working conditions not conducive to productivity Chairs in rows are not as conducive to discussion as chairs arranged in a circle |
| Subsidiary | supplementary, auxiliary; secondary, a subsidiary role/factor, The economics ministry has increasingly played a subsidiary role to the finance ministry. subsidiary information a subsidiary matter |
| Simplemindedness | naïveté, lack of sophistication |
| Allusion | REFERENCE, The committee made no allusion to the former President in its report. Eliot’s poetry is full of biblical allusions. In his poetry we find many allusions to the human body. literary/classical/cultural allusions, |
| Parable | ALLEGORY, moral story/tale, fable the parable of the Good Samaritan In the New Testament the parables told by Jesus convey His message, as in "The parable of the prodigal son", (MnM= is a small PARAgraph that makes u able) |
| Folly | FOOLISHNESS, foolhardiness, stupidity, Somerville bitterly regretted his folly at becoming involved. It would be sheer folly to reduce spending on health education. Giving up a secure job seems to be the height of folly. the follies of youth |
| Indignation | RESENTMENT, umbrage, affront, To his indignation, Charles found that his name was not on the list. He stormed into her office, full of righteous indignation. He became very indignant when it was suggested he had made a mistake. |
| Inflamed | 1.Swollen, Inflamed Eye/ Toe 2. (of people, feelings, etc.) very angry or excited, an inflamed crowd a man inflamed with jealousy |
| Resort to | HAVE RECOURSE TO, fall back on, turn to, Resort to bribery, force, ploy, remedy, rhetoric, tactic, terror, violence Officials fear that extremists may resort to violence . Vets have had to resort to killing the animals. متوسل شدن |
| Gouge | 1.to force sb to pay an unfairly high price for sth; to raise prices unfairly, Housing shortages permit landlords to gouge their renters. Price gouging is widespread. 2.to make a hole or cut in sth |
| Interpose | To place between, Insert, Intervene, Insinuate, She interposed herself between the general and his wife. ‘That might be difficult,’ interposed Regina. The teacher interposed herself between the two snarling boys. |
| Sully | TAINT , besmear, besmirch, defile, a scandal that sullied his reputation , Sully the Reputation/ Name, His reputation, he said, had been unfairly sullied by allegations, half-truths and innuendos. She wondered if she dared risk sullying the gleaming sink. |
| Roomful | (N.) A large number of people or things that are in a room, He announced his resignation to a roomful of reporters. a roomful of old books, It was like a teacher disciplining a roomful of second-year pupils, A roomful of People/ Guest |
| Backfire | REBOUND, boomerang; fail, miscarry, go wrong, if a plan or action backfires, it has the opposite effect to the one you intended, The company’s new policy backfired when a number of employees threatened to quit. The President's tactics could backfire |
| Boomerang | Backfire, If a plan boomerangs, it brings a harmful result instead of the intended good one, Our plan to take over the business could boomerang on us if we're not careful. The trick boomeranged, though |
| Backlash | ADVERSE REACTION, a strong negative reaction by a number of people against recent events especially against political or social developments, The 1970s saw the first backlash against the women’s movement. the Sixties backlash against bourgeois materialism |
| Prurient | SALACIOUS, having or showing too much interest in sex, prurient interests, He denied that the article had been prurient. Newspapers often delve pruriently into people's private lives. a prurient interest in the details of a rape case (MnM= Por rooi) |
| Sacrosanct | sacred, considered to be too important to change or question, Weekends are sacrosanct in our family. I'm willing to help on any weekday, but I'm afraid my weekends are sacrosanct. Freedom of the press is sacrosanct. |
| Expound | Explain or Present in detail, She’s always expounding on the latest dogmas of feminism. He's always expounding on what's wrong with the world. Schmidt continued to expound his views on economics and politics. Expound Idea/ Opinion/ View/ Doctrine |
| Coy | being or pretending to be Shy, Modest, Childish or Lacking in Confidence, She gave me a coy look from under her schoolgirl's fringe. |
| Outlay | Expenditure, Small/modest/considerable/large, For a relatively small outlay, you can start a home hairdressing business. House buyers usually have a large initial outlay on carpets and furniture. At the start we outlaid thousands of dollars on computers. |
| Imperious | PEREMPTORY, Haughty, absolutely necessary, She raised her hand in an imperious gesture. an imperious manner/voice, She sent them away with an imperious wave of the hand. Her attitude is imperious at times an imperious gesture / voice / command |
| Rostrum | Stage, Podium, As he stood on the winner's rostrum, he sang the words of the national anthem. He climbed on to the winner’s rostrum. |
| Fallow | 1.fallow land is dug or ploughed but is not used for growing crops, Uncultivated, They let the land lie fallow for a year. 2. fallow period=a time when nothing is done or achieved, August is a fallow period in British politics |
| Desolate | 1.V.devastate, David was desolated by his wife’s death He was desolate without her. 2.Adj. Abandoned, She felt desolate when her closest friend moved away. a feeling of utter desolation |
| Torment | Torture, The older boys would torment him whenever they had the chance. Seth was tormented by feelings of guilt. The torment of having her baby kidnapped is written all over her face. At times the memories returned to torment her |
| Entrenched | Strongly established and not likely to change, Ageism is entrenched in our society. A deeply entrenched belief in male superiority, There has been a shift in opinion on the issue after a decade of entrenchment. (MnM=Like Entrance and Establish) |
| Plaintive | MOURNFUL, Melancholy, sad, plaintive cry/voice/sound, the plaintive cry of the seagull, the plaintive sound of the bagpipes, They lay on the firm sands, listening to the plaintive cry of the seagulls (MnM= Pain + tive) |
| Stasis | Motionless, a state which does not change, She was bored - her life was in stasis. Rock' n 'roll had entered a period of stasis. |
| Antedate | precede in time, predate; The economic troubles antedate the current administration. The crypt antedates the rest of the building by several centuries. antedate a contract; antedate a check. |
| Nook | RECESS, corner, Every nook and cranny every part of a place, We searched every nook and cranny. Boxes are stacked in every nook and cranny at the factory. Cole's vast knowledge of the nooks and crannies of British politics. |
| Aegis | under the aegis of somebody/something with the protection or support of a person or organization, under the auspices of, a refugee camp operating under the aegis of the UN, The project was set up under the aegis of the university. |
| Namesake | sb’s or sth's namesake another person, a more famous, who has the same name as someone, Like his famous namesake, young Washington had a brave, adventurous spirit. Unlike his more famous namesake, this Bill Clinton has little interest in politics. |
| Tremor | trembling, shudder, shock, shaking, A tremor of excitement went through the audience as he came on stage. There was a slight tremor in her voice. He watched her tremulous hand reach for the teacup. |
| Earnest | Serious and sincere, a earnest young man, Matthews was in earnest conversation with a young girl. an earnest desire to offer something useful to society, Earnest Expression/Look/Voice/Desire, Earnest attempt/effort, in deadly earnest=completely serious |
| Defining | Categorical, Characteristic, Defining Moment/ Attribute/ Characteristic/ Feature/ Trait, The day the investment bank, the Lehman Brothers, went under (=Bankrupted) was a defining moment in the current financial calamity. |
| Forlorn | 1.very unlikely to be achieved or to succeed, Their only hope now is that the outside world will intervene but it is an increasingly forlorn hope. 2.alone and unhappy, Desolate, She looked a forlorn figure standing at the bus stop. |
| Posterity | offspring, descendants; future generations, preserve/record/keep sth for posterity, a priceless work of art that must be kept for posterity, A photographer recorded the scene on video for posterity, Posterity will remember him as a great man |
| Potboiler | bad work of art created only for financial gain, Her most recent potboiler was one of last year's bestselling paperbacks. |
| Continuum | Cline, continuous sequence, connected series, The Creole language is really various dialects arranged on a continuum. All the organisms in an ecosystem are part of an evolutionary continuum. These various complaints are part of a continuum of ill-health |
| Perforce | Adv. Necessarily, Because it is necessary, The war in 1939 perforce ushered in an era of more grime and drabness. They had perforce to abandon the attempt on the summit. بناچار |
| Prudery | excessively modest behavior, excess propriety, DISSAPROVING, Don't be such a prude. امل بودن، پرشرم |
| Vice | IMMORALITY, OPP virtue, Jealousy is a vice, to reward virtue and punish vice, My one real vice (= bad habit) is chocolate. Greed, pride, envy, dishonesty and lust are considered to be vices. |
| Dramatize | 1.Highlight, This incident dramatized the difficulties involved in the project. 2.Exaggerate, They have a tendency to show off, to dramatize almost every situation. she tends to dramatize things. 3.a dramatized version of the novel. |
| Trenchant | INCISIVE, Forceful, Stockman became one of the President’s most trenchant critics. His most trenchant criticism is reserved for the party leader, Dorothy Parker's writing is characterized by a trenchant wit and sophistication. His comment was trenchant |
| Redemptive | That saves you from the power of evil, the redemptive power of love, the redemptive power of Christ. Redemptive suffering رستگارى بخش |
| Conscientious | DILIGENT, industrious, punctilious A conscientious teacher may feel inclined to take work home. a conscientious and hard-working student, Conscientious Objection/ Student/ Teacher/ Worker باوجدان ، وظيفه شناس |
| Reconnaissance | (PRELIMINARY) SURVEY, reconnaissance aircraft, a reconnaissance mission, wartime roles such as observation and reconnaissance, Aerial reconnaissance of the enemy position showed they were ready to attack. (MnM= Recognizing an enemy) |
| Reconnoiter | SCOUT, probe, To make a preliminary inspection of, The pilot reported the findings of his reconnoiter. All morning, the world's top cyclists have been reconnoitering the course. |
| Scout | 1.Reconnoiter, Gather information, Search, A night patrol was sent to scout out the area, have people scouting the hills already. Scout around for some gossip. 2. To search for talented people, scouts for a professional basketball team. |
| Flaccid | Soft and Weak instead of firm, a flaccid penis, your muscles are sagging, they're flaccid, The program included a lackluster and flaccid account of Rossini's Overture to "La gazza ladra". Flaccid Management. (MnM= Pelassideh) |
| Procurement | Purchase, sale, acquisition, She's managed somehow to procure his telephone number. He'd procured us seats in the front row. They are reported to have a substantial budget for the procurement of military supplies. the procurement of equipment |
| Deign | Condescend, deign to do sth, Travis called after her, but she didn’t deign to answer. If she deigns to reply to my letter, I'll be extremely surprised. She just grunted, not deigning to look up from the page. deign to greet the servant who opened the door |
| Spawn | GIVE RISE TO, bring about, New technology has spawned new business opportunities. Her death spawned countless films and books. The new economic freedom has spawned hundreds of new small businesses. The band’s album spawned a string of hit singles. |
| Heinous | ODIOUS, wicked, evil, atrocious, a heinous Crime/ Act/ Offense/ Sin, The food in the cafeteria is pretty heinous. |
| Forswear | Renounce, promise to abandon or give up; deny under oath; give false testimony, commit perjury, to forswear alcohol, I am foreswearing women forever, We are forswearing the use of chemical weapons for any reason. (MnM= swear to forgo) |
| Maroon | STRAND, cast away, cast ashore; abandon, The car broke down and left us marooned in the middle of nowhere. The car was marooned by floods. The travelers were marooned by the blizzard. (MnM= Left alone in My Room) |
| Jilt | LEAVE, walk out on, She jilted her fiancé just before the wedding. He jilted her for his best friend's sister. a jilted bride / lover |
| Queer | ODD, strange, unusual, peculiar, She gave a queer laugh. Hank was beginning to feel a little queer. If you ask me, there's something a bit queer going on. She had a queer feeling that she was being watched. (MnM= A queen with a beer is strange.) |
| Wayward | difficult to control headstrong, a wayward child wayward emotions, wayward children with a history of severe emotional problems. a wayward teenager خودسر ، خود راى |
| Heteroclite | anomalous; irregular, abnormal |
| Contumelious | contrary, perverse, Defamatory, Slanderous اهانت کننده |
| In effect | In practice, even if not formally acknowledged, Really, In Truth, در حقيقت |
| Propound | To Suggest an idea, explanation etc for other people to consider, Propose, Put forward The theory of natural selection was first propounded by Charles Darwin. It was Ptolemy who propounded the theory that the earth was at the centre of the universe |
| Tidy | Neat, Clean, Immaculate, Orderly |
| Conform to | Be similar in form or type, Comply with rules, standards, or laws, Conform to Convention/ Expectation/ Ideal/ Norm/ Regulation/ Rule/ Stereotype |
| Assertive | CONFIDENT, Self-confident, Self-possessed, Extrovert, If you really want the promotion, you'll have to be more assertive. Prince condemned the assertively modernist style of architecture. assertive behavior submissive, an assertiveness training course |
| Tepid | Lukewarm, Unenthusiastic, a tepid response from the audience, Tepid Reception/ Response/ Water, I got a tepid response to my suggestion that we should start work earlier. |
| Curiously | 1.in an unusual and interesting way, They were curiously quiet. I thought him a curiously impressive person. 2 in a way that shows that you want to find out about something, Sandra looked at him curiously. |
| Shackles of | the shackles of something, the limits put on your freedom and happiness by something, especially a particular form of government – used to show disapproval, They finally managed to throw off the shackles of communism. قيود |
| Bulk | the bulk (of something) the main or largest part of something, Most of sth, The bulk of consumers are based in towns. In fact, the bulk of the book is taken up with criticizing other works. |
| Synoptic | Summary, Overall view, Taking the same point of view. مختصر ، کوتاه ، خلاصه ، اجمال ، هم نظير |
| Commiseration | CONDOLENCE(S), sympathy, Congratulations to the winners, commiserations to the losers. I began by commiserating with her over the defeat. She gave me a look of commiseration as I entered the room. I offered him my commiseration. دلسوزى هم دردی |
| Inhibition | 1.SHYNESS,She had no inhibitions about saying what she felt. People tend to lose their inhibitions when they are drunk. She had no inhibitions about making her opinions known 2.HINDRANCE, inhibition of growth بازدارى ، جلوگيرى از بروز احساسات |
| Prerogative | ENTITLEMENT, Right, Privilege, Education was once the prerogative of the elite. Arriving late is a woman’s prerogative. royal prerogative Constitutional changes are the prerogative of the parliament, The Prime Minister exercised his prerogative to decide |
| Perquisite | Perk, Something in addition to regular pay for one's work, bonus; side income, عايدى اضافه برحقوق, cost-free long-distance calls, a perquisite of her employment. Politics used to be the perquisite of the property-owning classes. |
| To the Contrary | Notwithstanding, For a long time it was thought to be a harmless substance, but we now have proof/evidence to the contrary. Despite assorted effusion to the contrary, …. |
| Effusion | a sudden and uncontrolled expression of strong emotion, an effusion of anger and despair, He greeted the guests with effusion. a massive effusion of poisonous gasبرون ريزىفوران |
| Subordination | Subordination of sb/sth To sth/sb, subordination of high standards to quick results, She claims that society is still characterized by male domination and female subordination. فرمان بردارى |
| Tantalize | TEASE, To make a person or an animal want sth that they cannot have or do, the dreams of democracy that have so tantalized them. A tantalizing aroma of roast beef fills the air. Tantalizing glimpse of the future, The branch was tantalizingly out of reach |
| Outgrow | 1.To Abandon a habit or lose an interest in sth , He eventually outgrew his adolescent interest in war. 2.To grow bigger than for sth, My seven-year-old had new shoes in April and he's already outgrown them. The company outgrew its office space. |
| Arbiter | arbitrator, judge; The designer has received rave reviews from such arbiters of taste as ‘Elle’ magazine. The European Court of Justice will be the final arbiter (=make the final decision) in the dispute. |
| Complacent | SMUG, self-satisfied, There’s a danger of becoming complacent if you win a few games. a complacent attitude towards the problem There's no room for complacency if we want to stay in this competition! |
| Carp | COMPLAIN, cavil, grumble, He always finds something to carp about. I can't stand the way he's always carping. He cannot understand why she's constantly carping at him, She was in no mood to put up with Blanche's carping. |
| Grumble | COMPLAIN, Farmers are always grumbling about the weather. A few passengers grumbled that their cabins were too small. ‘This is boring,’ Kathleen grumbled. She spent the evening grumbling to me about her job. |
| Cavil | Quibble, Carp, Grumble, They caviled at our calculations. The one cavil I have about the book is that it is written as a diary. don't think this is the time to cavil at the wording of the report. Several countries caviled at the cost of the project |
| Macabre | GRUESOME, a macabre tale, a macabre sense of humor, Even the police were horrified at the macabre nature of the killings. Police have made a macabre discovery |
| Dispel | BANISH, eliminate, drive away/off, We want to dispel the myth that you cannot eat. Light poured into the hall, dispelling the shadows. Dispel anxiety/ confusion/ doubt/ fear/ gloom/ illusion/ misconception/ myth/ notion/ perception/ stereotype/ suspicion |
| Peruse | to read in a careful way, She leant forward to peruse the document more closely. Peruse the menu/ newspaper/ page, to peruse the personal ads. a brief perusal (a quick read) He sent a copy of the report to the governors for their perusal(for them to read) |
| Extenuating | MITIGATING, Extenuating Circumstances, (a situation which made her crime seem less serious) was not sent to prison. Her plea of ignorance of the law in extenuation of (= as an excuse for) her crime was not accepted. |
| Innuendo | INSINUATION, suggestion, double entendre, His writing is full of sexual innuendoes. a campaign based on rumor, innuendo, and gossip, There's always an element of sexual innuendo in our conversations. innuendoes about her private life |
| Double entendre | AMBIGUITY, double meaning, innuendo He is a master of the pun and the double entendre |
| Insinuation | Implication, We resent these insinuations that we are not capable of leading the company forward. His reputation was ruined by insinuation and rumor. She resented the insinuation that she was too old for the job. |
| Quagmire | Morass, a difficult or complicated situation, The Balkan situation became a political and military quagmire. Since the coup, the country has sunk deeper into a quagmire of violence and lawlessness. The heavy rain soon turned the field into a quagmire. |
| Redeem | make up for, Olivier’s performance redeemed an otherwise second-rate play. redeeming quality/feature etc (=the one good thing about an unpleasant person or thing) The hotel had a single redeeming feature – it was cheap. Redeem Yourself, Get Money For sth |
| Libel | slander, defame, Holt sued the newspaper for libel. a libel action/case/trial (=a court case against someone for libel), restrictions on press freedom, such as libel laws, libelous accusations |
| Insouciant | NONCHALANT, Complacent, I admired his youthful insouciance. Programme-makers seem irresponsibly insouciant about churning out violence. بى پروا ، بى قيد |
| Crusader | CAMPAIGNER, fighter, champion, advocate, They have long been involved in a crusade for racial equality. a moral crusade against drugs She crusaded against sex and violence on television. He caught the public imagination as a crusader against corruption. |
| Purview | the limit of sb's responsibility, interest or activity, This case falls outside the purview of this particular court. Some of the bank's lending operations come under/within the purview of the deputy manager, and some are handled directly by the manager. |
| Contingent | Dependent, Possible, contingent on/upon, Further investment is contingent upon the company’s profit performance. Outdoor arrangements are contingent on the weather and we have other plans in the event of rain. Our success is contingent upon your support. |
| As ever | in the same way as always, As ever, I was the last to find out. |
| Impute | ATTRIBUTE, ascribe, assign, impute sth to sb, The police were not guilty of the violence imputed to them. It is grossly unfair to impute blame to the UN. He denied the imputation. Imputed the rocket failure to a faulty gasket نسبت دادن ، بستن |
| Unerring | Infallible, He passes the ball with unerring accuracy. Unerring Accuracy/Instinct, He has an unerring talent for writing catchy melodies. She has an unerring instinct for people's weak spots. He could predict with unerring accuracy what the score would be |
| Adjutant | assistant to a commanding officer اجودان |
| Adventitious | happening by chance; Unexpected, Unplanned, Accidental, an adventitious event/situation, He found this adventitious meeting with his friend extremely fortunate, adventitious notions that have corrupted the primitive doctrine |
| Affected | artificial; pretended, His affected mannerisms irritated may of us who had known him before his promotion. an affected laugh/Smile, an affected manner/style of writing, I found her very affected. She had an affected air and a disdainful look. |
| Agape | open-mouthed; shocked, surprised, Vince watched, his mouth agape in horror. She stood looking at Carmen with her mouth agape. He watched the spectacle, mouth agape. |
| Agnostic | Atheist, He was an agnostic rather than an atheist. Although he was raised a Catholic, he was an agnostic for most of his adult life. You grew up in an agnostic household and have never been able to bring yourself to believe in God. |
| Alcove | RECESS, niche, nook, inglenook, We've put some bookshelves in the alcove. In the alcoves on either side of the fire were bookshelves. تورفتگى ، شاه نشين ، الاچيق an alcove adjacent to the living room |
| Alimony | Allowance, Maintenance, Financial Support, Alimony Payment, خرجى ، نفقه , Because Tony had supported Tina through medical school, on their divorce he asked the court to award him $500 a month in alimony. |
| Alimentary | supplying nourishment, The alimentary canal in our bodies is so named because digestion of foods occurs there. |
| Altercation | Noisy quarrel, Involved in an altercation. There was a brief altercation and someone called the police. A youth became involved in an altercation with a police officer over a parking ticket. Throughout the altercation, not one sensible word was uttered |
| Ambulatory | 1.Related to or adapted for walking, an ambulatory corridor, 2.that is not fixed in one place and can move around easily mobile, an ambulatory care service |
| Amity | Friendship, Goodwill, a spirit of perfect amity, The two groups had lived in perfect amity for many years before the recent troubles, He wished to live in amity with his neighbor. |
| Anathematize | Curse, Denounce, Execrate, The high priest anathematized the heretic. |
| Anchor (v) | 1.be anchored in sth, to be strongly connected with a particular system, way of life etc, John’s outlook has always been anchored in the political mainstream. Her life was anchored by her religion. 2. anchors a television or radio programme |
| Anguish | acute pain; extreme suffering, Visiting the site of explosion, Premier Gorbachev wept to see the anguish of the victims and their families. In her anguish she forgot to leave a message. Tears of anguish filled her eyes. |
| Anthropomorphism | The books 'Alice in Wonderland', 'Peter Rabbit' and 'Winnie-the-Pooh' are classic examples of anthropomorphism. having human form or characteristics, Primitive religions often have deities with anthropomorphic characteristics. |
| Anthropoid | Manlike, Gorillas and chimpanzees are anthropoid apes, having long arms, no tails and highly developed brains. a theory about how man developed from being among the higher anthropoids to being human, The gorilla is the strongest of the anthropoid animals |
| Aperture | An aperture is a narrow hole or gap. Through the aperture he could see daylight. Open up the lens aperture. Binoculars of this aperture are very expensive. She discovered a small aperture in the wall, through which the insects had entered the room. |
| Aphasia | عدم قدرت تکلم The girl was aphasic because of brain damage suffered during a difficult birth. After the automobile accident, the victim had periods of aphasia when he could not speak at all or could only mumble incoherently. |
| Aplomb | POISE, self-assurance, Ms Sharpe handled their questions with great aplomb. Rosalind conducted the meeting with characteristic aplomb/with her usual aplomb. with considerable / great / remarkable aplomb |
| Apothecary | pharmacist, druggist of the past, داروگر ، داروساز ، داروفروش In Holland, apothecaries still sell spices as well as ointments and pills. |
| Apparition | ghost; phantom, Hamlet was uncertain about the identity of th صورت وهمى e apparition that had appeared and spoken to him. Apparitions of a woman in white robes have been reported. |
| Appurtenance | a thing that forms a part of sth larger or more important, subordinate possessions, He bought the estate and all its appurtenances. Books and CDs are among the appurtenances of student life. |
| Better off | In a better condition/ Situation, I think she’s better off without him. He’d be better off starting with something simpler, Obviously we're better off now we're both working. |
| Unwarranted | 1.Unjustified, The Conclusion/ Criticism is unwarranted, 2.Unauthorized, Unwarranted Intrusion/ Interference/ Invasion/ Brutality |
| Haunted | 1.A haunted Building is believed to be visited regularly by the soul of a dead person, 2.Haunted Expression/Look a very worried or frightened expression, He had a haunted look about him. |
| Haunt | 1.To appear in, a ghost haunts this house 2.To Cause Suffering, Fighting in Vietnam was an experience that would haunt him for the rest of his life. 3.n.To go to a place frequently, The Islands are a favorite summer haunt for UK and French yachtsmen alike |
| Distinction | 1.Difference, 2.Excellence and Importance, Eliot’s distinction as a poet, have/earn/achieve the distinction of doing sth, The US enjoys the dubious distinction of being the lawsuit capital of the world. He obtained a law doctorate with distinction. |
| Appreciable | Considerable, Substantial, Significant, There’s no appreciable change in the patient’s condition. The two plans are not appreciably different. Plays an appreciable role in, Appreciable Loss/Proportion/ Effect/ Drop/ Amount/ Increase/ Difference |
| Retort | 1.to reply quickly, in an angry or humorous way, ‘It’s all your fault!’ he retorted. Sam retorted that it was my fault as much as his.2.n, Rejoinder, Riposte, He was about to make a sharp retort. She bit back (= stopped herself from making) a sharp retort |
| Rejoinder | Retort, Riposte, a quick answer, especially a clever or rude one, If he confronts them, he’ll run the risk of a sharp rejoinder. She always has a witty rejoinder to/for any question |
| Riposte | N & V, Retort, Rejoinder, a quick and clever answer |
| Scabrous | Indecent, Offensive or Shocking, because describing or showing sex, The book includes some memorably seedy characters and scabrous descriptions. the scabrous lower reaches of the film business. |
| Jest | N & V, Joke, I wasn’t sure whether to treat her words as a jest. His serious face told me that he was not speaking in jest. Would I jest about something so important? a court jester, He enjoyed drinking and jesting with his cronies |
| Gadfly | a person who annoys or criticizes other people in order to make them do sth, He was a political gadfly, turning up at city council meetings and complaining about the waste of taxpayers' money. خر مگس ، ادم مردم ازار ، مزاحم |
| Treason | Treachery, Betrayal, He is accused of committing treason against the state. The defendant was convicted of high treason (of the worst kind) and sentenced to death. a treasonable act against the head of state a treasonable offence treasonable activities |
| Suffrage | Franchise, Right to vote, Enfranchisement, ballot, Suffrage Movement, universal suffrage (= the right of all adults to vote) the women's suffrage movement, |
| Figures | 1.Members, many figures in humanistic discipline remained skeptical about the proposal to extend the suffrage to the masses, 2.Digits, 3.Symboles |
| Protean | 1.EVER-CHANGING, Variable, the protean talents of this comedian, He is a protean stylist who can move from blues to ballads and grand symphony. a protean character 2.Versatile, a remarkably protean composer متلون، به هر رنگ درآ، همه فن حریف |
| Haunting | Evocative, sad but also beautiful and staying in your thoughts for a long time, Haunting Melody/ Memory/ Sound/ Tune/ Experience/ Image, the haunting beauty of Africa, the haunting calls of wild birds in the mahogany trees |
| Temper (v) | to make sth less severe or extreme, Temper sth with/by sth, Temper the Enthusiasm/ Expectation/ Steel/ Heat, I learnt to temper my criticism. For others, especially the foolish, the state will temper justice with mercy, His delight was tempered by regret. |
| Cupidity | Greed, Avarice, the cupidity of some businessmen, the sight of so much money aroused his cupidity |
| Embezzle | MISAPPROPRIATE, steal, thieve, pilfer, Two managers were charged with embezzling $400,000. They were arrested for embezzlement of company funds. She embezzled thousands of dollars from the charity. |
| Draft | 1.Make an outline, To Draft the speech for the conference, 2.Conscript, be drafted into sth, My dad was eighteen when he got drafted into the army. 3.Draft sb into sth, Order to work in a place, Extra staff were drafted in to deal with the Christmas rush. |
| Inanimate | Lifeless, Spiritless, Inactive, an inanimate object/ Matter |
| Vent | to express feelings of anger, hatred, Vent sth on sb, Paul vents his anger on the family. Vent sth by doing sth, He vented his frustration by doing. Give Vent to sth, to do sth violent to express feelings, Children give vent to their anger in various ways |
| Spleen | Bad Temper, Anger, Obviously you’re annoyed, but that doesn’t give you the right to vent your spleen on me (=get angry with me). To vent your spleen on an inanimate object, He vented his spleen (said why he was angry) against the airline in an article . |
| Rectitude | RIGHTEOUSNESS, Uprightness, Goodness, Virtue, Morality, Integrity, Probity, An austere man of unquestioned moral rectitude, people of the utmost moral rectitude, She is a model of rectitude. |
| Consanguinity | Kinship, Blood Relation, Different degrees of consanguinity, Consanguineous marriage is customary in many societies |
| Conquest | Triumph, Landslide, the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire |
| Discriminating | Perceptive, Discerning, Able to judge the good quality of sth, They're discriminating shoppers/Readers/Audience/Customer, a discriminating palate, More discriminating visitors now tend to shun the area. |
| Subordinate to | Less Important, Secondary, NOT Superior, Inferior, Collateral, Subjugated, Subservient, In many societies women are subordinate to men. All other issues are subordinate to this one. |
| Hagiographic | saint-like, legendary, The biography has been criticized for being too hagiographic. |
| Expedient (n) | Measure, Resort, an action that is useful or necessary for a particular purpose, but not always fair or right, Moore escaped by the simple expedient of lying down in a clump of grass. Exhausted every expedient before filing suit |
| Makeshift | Expedient, Resort, Stopgap, (All are Adj too), sth used as a substitute when other means fail or are not available, lacked a cane but used a stick as a makeshift; will use force only as a last resort; a crate serving as a stopgap for a chair. |
| Proselytize | to try to persuade sb to join a religious group, political party, He was also remarkable for the proselytizing zeal with which he wrote his political pamphlets. The television has provided the evangelists with yet another platform for their proselytizing. |
| Jingoism | Extreme Patriotism, chauvinism, a mood of warlike jingoism, Patriotism can turn into jingoism and intolerance very quickly. He was a confirmed jingoist (MnM= They are so fanatical that are ready to BEJANGAND) |
| Mount | 1.Organazie, mount a campaign/challenge/search/Exhibition/Attack/Assault, 2.Increase, Tension here is mounting, as we await the final result. He ignored his mounting debts. 3.Mount the stairs up 4.Fix firmly, Mount an object on something |
| Outstrip | 1.to be or become greater in amount, degree or success than something or someone, Demand is outstripping supply. The demand for firewood now far outstrips supply. 2.Supress, Their latest computer outstrips all its rivals. |
| Conceive | Think of an idea, (cannot) conceive of (doing) sth, Many people can’t conceive of a dinner without meat. I can hardly conceive what it must be like. Conceive of sth/sb as sth, Language may be conceived of as a process which arises from social interaction |
| Transpose | 1. Reverse, Rearrange, Interchange, Two letters were accidentally transposed and ‘gun’ got printed as ‘gnu’. 2.Transfer, The director transposes Shakespeare’s play from 16th to present-day England. The Transposition of his initials and his middle name. |
| Trifle | 1.n, Slightly, A little a trifle eccentric/odd/unexpected 2.v.Trifle with somebody/something, to treat someone or something without respect or not in a serious way, He’s not a man to be trifled with. men who trifle with women’s affections |
| Sparse | Scant, Scares, his sparse brown hair, rural areas with sparse populations, a sparsely populated area, Sparse attendance, population, vegetation The information available on the subject is sparse. |
| Downplay | De-emphasize, Make sth seem less important, White House officials attempted to downplay the President’s role in the affair. Downplay the extent/ importance/ incident/ role/ seriousness/ significance, The government has been trying to downplay the crisis. |
| Dwarf | 1.v. to be so big that other things are made to seem very small, The cathedral is dwarfed by the surrounding skyscrapers. The new skyscraper will dwarf all those near it. 2.n. قدکوتاه3.adj. Small, a dwarf conifer |
| Predestine | decree, preordain (by a higher power); decide in advance, predetermine, |
| Jumble | 1.n. Confusing Mix, a jumble of old toys, Inside, she was a jumble of emotions. The essay was a meaningless jumble of ideas.2.v. To Mix in an untidy way, without any order, The photographs were all jumbled up. Ben’s words became jumbled. jumbled thoughts |
| Seemly | DECOROUS, proper, decent, seemly behavior. It was not seemly for ladies to talk about money. Self-assertion was not thought seemly in a woman. It was not considered seemly to talk in such a way in front of the children. |
| Gratuitous | UNJUSTIFIED, Unwarranted, unnecessary, children’s books which include gratuitous violenceThere is no point in gratuitously antagonizing people, A lot of viewers complained that there was too much gratuitous sex and violence in the film. |
| Untenable | 1.Untenable Situation/Position, cannot continue as it is, The scandal put the President in an untenable position. 2.Untenable Argument/ Suggestion, Indefensible, This argument is untenable from an intellectual, moral and practical standpoint |
| Egress | Exit, Departure, the egress from the gallery was blocked, denied the refugees egress. |
| Pied | PARTICOLORED, multicolored, ابلق of two or more different colors, especially black and white, a pied wagtail |
| Complaisance | acquiescence; graciousness She was a complaisant wife and dutiful daughter. |
| Holdings | 1.Assets,The government has decided to sell its 21% holding in the firm. Land/ Property/ Currency Holding 2.adj, A Holding Operation/Action is temporary one intended to keep a situation under control and. A garden is a holding operation against nature. |
| Refuse n | Garbage, Trash, Debris, Piles of Refuse, a Refuse Dump, Household/Domestic/Kitchen/Garden Refuse, The strike has disrupted Refuse Collection. It’s a site which is used for domestic refuse. |
| Compile | Assemble, Compile sth from/for sth, Compile Anthology/ bibliography, blacklist, collection, dictionary, directory, encyclopedia, figure, file, index, information, inventory, list, quiz, record, register, report, shortlist, statistics, table |
| Glib | using words that are clever, but are not sincere, and do not show much thought, a glib salesman glib answers/Attitude/Talk, No one was convinced by his glib answers/explanations. glib generalizations, glib politicians |
| Parlous | Dangerous, Very Bad, Perilous, The country’s police force was in a parlous state in 1990, Relations between the two countries have been in a parlous condition for some time. the parlous state of the economy, The situation became parlous when…. |
| at odds with | 1.in a dispute with, involved in a conflict with, he was at odds with his colleagues, The witness statement seems to be at odds with the evidence, not a good sign for the prosecutor. 2.at Variance, behavior at odds with the interests of the company |
| Inept | incompetent, unskilled; inappropriate, out-of-place, inept leadership, He was criticized for his inept handling of the problem. politically/socially inept, Blake was intellectually able but politically inept. an inept comment/remark |
| Mannerism | mode of behavior, denotes an idiosyncratic trait or quirk, often one that others find obtrusive and distracting, His mannerism of closing his eyes as he talked made it seem as if he were deep in thought. nervous / odd / irritating mannerisms |
| Air | affectation, pose, mannerism, meaning a distinctive but intangible quality, does not always imply sham, The director had an air of authority. In the plural, however, it suggests affectation and self-importance, The movie star was putting on airs. |
| Pose | Pose denotes an attitude adopted to call favorable attention to oneself, His humility is only a pose. Her confidence was merely a pose to hide her uncertainty (DIFFERENT FROM POISE) |
| A modicum of sth | a small amount of something, especially a good quality, a modicum of common sense, There's not even a modicum of truth in her statement. I'd like to think I've had a modicum of success. a modicum of privacy, They should win, given a modicum of luck. |
| Take Liberties with | 1.With SB, to be too friendly with someone, usually in a sexual way, Some of the younger women complained that he'd been taking liberties with them. 2.With sth, to change something, especially a piece of writing, in a way that people disagree with |
| Take potshot at sth | 1.a shot that sb fires without aiming, Sb took a potshot at him as he drove past. 2.The newspapers took constant potshots at (criticized) the president. The recent criticism of his leadership has included potshots from several political journalists. |
| Aptitude | TALENT, Skill, gift, flair, bent, an aptitude for languages, an aptitude for hard work |
| Cosmetic | Superficial, We’re making a few cosmetic changes to the house before we sell it. Many MPs denounced the resolution as a cosmetic exercise (looks good but have no real effect) Cosmetic Change/Counter/Dentist/Exercise/Procedure/Product/Surgeon/Surgery/Work |
| Authoritative | (DIFFERENT FROM Authoritarian), 1.Reliable; assertive, the most authoritative work on English surnames, The book is an authoritative account of World War Two. The first authoritative study of polio was published in 1840 2.an authoritative tone of voice |
| Mince | 1. not mince (your) words to say exactly what you think, Tom didn’t mince words and told me straight away that I had failed. 2. To walk affectedly, He minced out of the room 3.Grind, minced lamb, Mince the meat up with some onion and garlic. |
| Overwrought | 1.very upset, nervous, Distraught, Clara was tired and overwrought after all the problems of the last few days. He was in an overwrought state/condition for weeks after the accident. 2. Extremely elaborate or ornate; overdone, overwrought prose style. |
| Fruition | Plan/ Project Comes/Bring to/Reach to fruition, (successfully put into action), His proposals only came to fruition after the war. Many people have worked together to bring this scheme to fruition. His extravagant ideas were never brought to fruition. |
| Loll | lounge, loll around/about/beside etc, He lolled back in his chair. I spent most of the weekend lolling about/around on the beach. dog with its tongue lolling outلم دادن ، لميدن ، زبان بيرون ، بيرون افتادن |
| Engrossing | ABSORBING, interesting, riveting, gripping, captivating, an engrossing book/story, She was so engrossed by/in the book that she forgot the cakes in the oven. They were so engrossed in/with what they were doing that they didn't hear me come in. |
| Symbiotic | a symbiotic relationship/association, in which the people, organizations, or living things involved depend on each other, fungi have a symbiotic relationship with trees, the symbiosis of the political parties, a perfect mother and daughter symbiosis |
| Uptake | A person's uptake of something is the amount of it that they use. The drug increases the number of red cells in the blood, enhancing oxygen uptake by 10 percent. research in relation to the uptake of nitrate into vegetables. |
| Apportion | allocate, Share, to apportion blame (who deserves to be blamed) when a marriage breaks up. Court costs were equally apportioned between them. The contract defines the apportionment of risks between employer and contractor. an apportionment of land |
| Hurdle | 1.n, obstacle, Finding enough money for the project was the first hurdle. overcome/clear/get over etc a hurdle, The cost of this exercise is proving a major hurdle. 2.v. Jump, He hurdled the fence and ran off down the street. |
| Exotic | unusual and interesting because it is related to a foreign country, Exotic animal, beauty, bird, bloom, creature, dancer, delicacy, destination, dish, flavor, flower, food, fruit, ingredient, location, plant, scent, species, spice, vacation, wildlife |
| Squalid | dirty and repulsive, filthy, squalor, How can anyone live in such squalid conditions? a tiny squalid apartment, People are living in squalid conditions, with little water and no sanitation. Squalid affair, condition, tenement |
| Epigram | letter, witty or ingenious saying, WITTICISM, One of Oscar Wilde's most frequently quoted epigrams is "I can resist everything except temptation". |
| Epistle | long formal letter, missive, Many thanks for your lengthy epistle which arrived in this morning's post. the Epistles of St Paul |
| Disproportionate | too much or too little in relation to sth else, Disproportionate amount, effect, impact, influence, number, percentage, representation, share The lower-paid spend a disproportionately large amount of their earnings on food. |
| Invariably | Always, Without exception, Sth that invariably Happens or is True, It invariably rains when I go there. The security guards were invariably ex-servicemen. This acute infection of the brain is almost invariably fatal. This is not invariably the case. |
| Discretionary | Optional, According to one's own judgment, Discretionary award, grant, income, spending, the court’s discretionary powers, You may be eligible for a discretionary grant for your university course. |
| Deduct | Subtract, Deduct sth from sth, The payments will be deducted from your salary. The player had points deducted for arguing with the referee. Expenses like office telephone bills are tax deductible (you do not have to pay tax on them). deduction of tax. |
| Procrastination | Postponement, Delay, I know I've got to deal with the problem at some point - I'm just procrastinating. People often procrastinate when it comes to paperwork. |
| Dismay | 1.APPAL, horrify, The poor election turnout dismayed politicians. 2.n. I found to my dismay that I had left my notes behind. The thought of leaving filled him with dismay.He was dismayed at the cynicism of the youngsters |
| Distraught | WORRIED, upset, distressed, overwrought, Relatives are tonight comforting the distraught parents. |
| Volley | a lot of similar things that are said or produced, or that happen, quickly one after the other, I'm afraid my proposal was met with a volley of criticisms. He volleyed the ball spectacularly into the far corner of the net (MnM= Volleyball) |
| Moil | 1.To work hard, be in a state of agitation; agitate, whirl, 2.n. hard labor, drudgery; confusion, turmoil (MnM=Remember Turmoil) |
| Backwater | DISAPPROVING a place which is not influenced by new ideas or events that happen in other places, and which does not change, He grew up in a rural backwater. Britain could become a political backwater with no serious influence in the world |
| Picaresque | Adventure Story, connected with literature that describes the adventures of a person who is sometimes dishonest but easy to like, a picaresque novel |
| Petty | (NOT PITTY), Trivial, petty squabbles, petty restrictions , petty criminal/thief, the pettiness of Hollywood |
| Magnate | a rich and powerful person in industry or business SYN tycoon, steel/oil/shipping/Shipping Newspaper/ Property magnate, a powerful media magnate |
| Pillory | 1.n, Stock, 2.v. To attack, To publicly and severely Criticize sb, The education secretary was pilloried by the press for his latest proposals. He was regularly pilloried by the press for his radical ideas. |
| Pith | the essential or most important part of sth, the pith of her argument مغز |
| Hoax | n. & V. Deceive, False warning, a bomb hoax, hoax calls (=telephone calls giving false information) to the police, an elaborate hoax , The emergency call turned out to be a hoax. |
| Hoodwink | DECEIVE, trick, dupe, outwit, bamboozle, double-cross He hoodwinked us into agreeing. She had been hoodwinked into buying a worthless necklace. I feel as if I’ve been hoodwinked. |
| Interminable | (Seemingly) Endless, interminable Delays/ Meeting/ Speech/ Discussion/ Wait, We had to listen to another of his interminable stories of his days as a soldier. The drive was interminable |
| Stoppage | Discontinuation, Obstruction, Strike, a stoppage of the blood supply, a work stoppage by government employees |
| Solvent | Financially Sound, Able to pay the debts, stay/remain/keep solvent, I don’t know how we managed to remain solvent. They're going to have to show that the company is now solvent. |
| Rife with | Full of, Replete with, Rife=Widespread, Rife Corruption, The crowded factories are rife with disease. The office was rife with rumors, LA is rife with gossips about the star's private life |
| Exempt | n & v, Excuse, The interest is exempt from income tax, Exempt sb from doing sth, Charities are exempted from paying the tax. Goods exempt from this tax include books and clothes. Candidates with a qualification in Chemistry have exemption from this course |
| Mortify | to cause someone to feel extremely ashamed, If I told her that she'd upset him she'd be mortified. To the mortification of the show's organizers, the top performers withdrew at the last minute. She was mortified to realized he had heard her voice. |
| Facile | 1.a facile remark, argument is too simple and shows a lack of careful thought or understanding, facile generalizations 2.a facile achievement or success has been obtained too easily and has no value, a facile victory |
| Inscrutable | Enigmatic, Mysterious, cannot be fathomed by means of investigation or scrutiny, Inscrutable Expression/ Face/ Smile, It is not for me to attempt to fathom the inscrutable workings of Providence |
| Superannuated | Antiquated, the superannuated idealism of the Sixties, Superannuated computing equipment, Superannuated rock stars, Superannuated Laws |
| Thrall | Slave, in sb’s/sth’s thrall (in thrall to sb/sth) literary controlled or strongly influenced by someone or something, We have a congress that is in thrall to special interest groups. He is not in thrall to the media, She was in thrall to her emotions. |
| Corporate | Collective, Shared, of or shared by a whole group and not just of a single member, All adults take corporate responsibility for the upbringing of the tribe's children. a corporate act of worship in the College chapel |
| Tonic | Stimulant, Cure, Anything that makes you feel better, Britons are spending twice as much on health tonics as they were five years ago, The weekend break was just the tonic I needed. |
| Jeremiad | Lamentation, Sorrowful Complaint, (MnM= dare JER Mide Khodesho) |
| Panegyric | Commendation, praise, Encomium, Eulogy, She delivered a panegyric on the President-elect. Prince Charles's panegyric on rural living. (MnM= Remember a Panjereh, a Lover, at night and good words) |
| Philippic | TIRADE, diatribe, harangue, (MnM= Harchi az dahanet dar miad be Philip va Eskandar begu) |
| Potpourri | Miscellany, an unusual or interesting mixture of things, Her new TV show will be a potpourri of arts and media reports. , a potpourri of literary styles/ of Tunes (MnM= Pot por-e az different things) |
| Estrange | Alienate, Disaffect, Antagonize, Political disagreements led to quarrels that finally estranged the two friends. His persistent antagonism alienated his wife دلسرد کردن ، بيگانه کردن |
| Disaffect | Alienate, Estrange, Disaffect usually implies discontent, ill will, and disloyalty within the membership of a group, Colonists were disaffected by the royal governor's actions. از علاقه و محبت کاستن دلسرد کردن ، بيگانه کردن |
| Eviscerate | 1.DISEMBOWEL, To Gut, To Remove essential parts, strangling and eviscerating rabbits for the pot. 2.Make an organization or a system weaker, Democrats say the petition will eviscerate state government. a compromise that eviscerated the proposed bill. |
| Verdant | Green, Leafy, Covered with vegetation, Lush, Verdant Field/ Hill/ Countryside, a small verdant garden with a view out over Paris. سرسبز |
| Curmudgeonly | stingy, unpleasant, bad-tempered (MnM= Focus on the ONLY part) |
| Epicurean | Hedonist, getting pleasure from food and drink of high quality, of a Gourmet, An Epicurean Dish, an epicurean repast. Epicure= GOURMET, GOURMAND, GASTRONO (MnM= Remember Pedicure and Manicure which are also to Get Pleasure) |
| Corpulent | Fat, Obese, a Corpulent Gentleman (MnM= Remind the Corp Part which relates the meaning to the BODY) corpulence= Obesity |
| Persnickety | meticulous, fussy, overly concerned with small details, As a writer, he is extremely pernickety about using words correctly. a persnickety job. (MnM= Remind the PERS part of the word which guides us to the Brian) |
| Skinflint | Stingy, Miser, (MnM=Remind The Skin part) |
| Raffish | Rakish, Raffish people and places are not very respectable but are attractive and stylish in spite of this. He was handsome in a raffish kind of way an interesting character with a raffish air, He has a certain raffish elegance. |
| Pulchritude | physical beauty especially women |
| Enormity | 1.Imensity, The enormity of the task, I don't think you really realize the enormity of the problem. 2.a very evil and cruel act, Atrocity It makes no sense to belittle the enormity of the disaster which has occurred. the enormities of the Hitler regime |
| Iniquity | Wickedness, He went on and on about the iniquities of bourgeois oppression. It is an iniquitous system that allows a person to die because they are poor. the iniquity of racial prejudice the iniquities of the criminal justice system (MnM= Lack of Equity) |
| Affront | Insult, Offense, He stepped back, affronted by the question. The comments were an affront to his pride. I was most affronted by his comments. an affronted look/glance/expression (MnM= Remember Front part) |
| Ablation | 1.the loss of material from a large mass of ice, snow or rock as a result of the action of the sun, wind or rain 2.Surgical removal (MnM= Remember Blade) |
| Caparison | To decorate , eight horses caparisoned in red velvet embroidered with gold |
| Sententious | Sanctimonious, Moralistic, self-righteous, sententious remarks, The document was sententious and pompous. |
| Sanctimonious | self-righteous, sanctimonious politicians preaching about family values, sanctimonious religious leaders preaching about morality a sanctimonious voice I wish she’d stop being so sanctimonious. مقدس نما |
| Propitious | FAVOURABLE, auspicious, promising, a propitious moment, Conditions after the 1905 revolution were propitious for stable development. It was not a propitious time to start a new business. Circumstances could hardly have been less propitious for a strike. |
| Saturnine | Gloomy, Morose, Unfriendly, his lean saturnine face, a saturnine character/look/frown, He had a rather forbidding, saturnine manner. |
| Callow | IMMATURE, inexperienced, juvenile, A callow Youth, Mark was just a callow youth of sixteen when he arrived in Paris. |
| Gain in | Increase in a quality, Grown in sth, The voracious reader reading indiscriminately does not necessarily gain in wisdom over the teenager who is more selective in his reading choice. |
| Steeped | If a place or person is steeped in a quality or characteristic, they are surrounded by it or deeply influenced by it. The castle is steeped in history and legend, be steeped in history/tradition/politics, a town steeped in history |
| Matron | 1.an older married woman, 2. a woman who is in charge of women and children in a school or prison 3.senior nursing officer |
| Tinge | 1.n, small amount of sth, There was a tinge of sadness in her voice. A tinge of rumor 2.v., to give sth a small amount of a particular color, emotion, or quality, tinge sth with sth, The light of the setting sun tinges the buildings with delicate colors. |
| Badger | Pester, She badgered me for weeks until I finally gave in. badger somebody to do something, My friends keep badgering me to get a cell phone. badger somebody into doing something, I had to badger the kids into doing their homework. (MnM=Bad Girl, Beggar) |
| Drudgery | hard boring work, the drudgery of housework, People want to get away from the drudgery of their everyday lives. بیگاری |
| Toil | 1.n, hard unpleasant work done over a long period, a life of toil, He has achieved her comfortable life only after years of hard toil. the toils of sth 2.v, slave away Hundreds of men toiled for years at building the pyramid. محنت کشیدن (toil and moil) |
| Travail | Ordeal, Toil, Drudgery, travail of, the travails of last year’s water shortage, He did whatever he could to ease their travail. the travails of life in post-war Britain مشقت |
| Throng | Crowd, Multitude, She got lost in the throng. throng of, a throng of excited spectators, A huge throng had gathered round the speaker. The streets are thronged with people. He was met by a throng of journalists and photographers. |
| Dreary | Gloomy, Dull, Dismal, Sad, Dreary Morning/ Room/ Winter/ Day/ Town, a dreary film a long and dreary journey on the train, سوت و کور، دلگیر |
| Compound v | 1.AGGRAVATE, exacerbate, To compound the problem/Difficulty 2.be compounded of something, to be a mixture of things, a smell compounded of dust and dead flowers |
| Pretext | EXCUSE, The incident provided the pretext for war. on/under the pretext of doing sth, Tom called at her apartment on the pretext of asking for a book. on/under the pretext that, He left immediately on the pretext that he had a train to catch. |
| Vigilant | WATCHFUL, observant, attentive, Please remain vigilant at all times and report anything suspicious. Drugs are a problem that requires constant vigilance. The thief was spotted by vigilant neighbors. She stressed the need for constant vigilance. گوش بزنگ |
| Gesticulate | Gesture, Jane gesticulated wildly and shouted ‘Stop! Stop!’ There was a man outside the window gesticulating wildly. We communicated mainly by signs, gesticulation and mime. wild / frantic gesticulations |
| Wrest | Take by force, WRENCH, They are fighting to wrest control of the party from the old leaders. I managed to wrest the photograph from his grasp. The men had returned to wrest back power. They attempted to wrest control of the town from government forces. |
| Jostle | 1.هل ، تنه زدن To Shove hard, You get 2,000 people jostling each other and bumping into furniture 2.Compete or struggle to get Attention/Position/Space, Followers of the president jostled for position in front of the TV cameras. jostling for the top job |
| Confederate | accomplice, The young woman was his confederate, of course. Rokovssky was his confederate in the assassination plot. |
| Stammer | Stutter, Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly. Ben stammered out an apology. Stammer an Apology, Many children stammer but grow out of it. لکنت پيدا کردن |
| Bristle | to behave in a way that shows you are very angry or annoyed, bristle with rage/indignation/anger, John pushed back his chair, bristling with rage. |
| Quiver | to shake slightly because you are very worried or excited, especially about lips, mouth, or body, Her bottom lip began to quiver, and she turned away to hide her tears. Alice’s eyes began to fill with tears and her mouth quivered. |
| Feint | deceive فريفتن با حرکت دروغين, Callas feinted to pass the ball and then shot it into the net. He feinted a shot to the left. |
| Promulgate | MAKE KNOWN Officially, Promulgate Ideas/Belief/Constitution, The new law was finally promulgated in the autumn of last year. A new constitution was promulgated last month. the promulgation o f the constitution. (MnM= Promote out of the Gate) |
| Brash | Impudent, SELF-ASSERTIVE, Beneath his brash exterior, he’s still a little boy inside. brash journalists, He was a typical showman with a brashness bordering on arrogance. (MnM= b+rash. brad behaves rash.) |
| Laceration | a cut in the skin, laceration to, multiple lacerations to the upper arms, The man's face was severely lacerated in the accident. He had lacerations on his back and thighs. (MnM= Lat-o-Par) |
| Dregs | 1.of liquid=Sediment Colum drained the dregs from his cup. the last dregs of daylight 2. the worst and most useless parts of sth, the Dregs of Society/Humanity/Community, He sees dissidents as the dregs of society. |
| Trailblazer | pioneer, vanguard, trailblazer in the field of medical research, a trailblazer in the field of genetic engineering a trailblazer in astrophysics (MnM=—compare blaze a trail at blaze) |
| Hemmed in | To Surround, To restrict, a bay hemmed in by pine trees, we were hemmed in by the rules, The company's competitors complain that they are hemmed in by rigid legal contracts. |
| Erudition | great academic knowledge, His erudition was apparently endless. a work of great erudition, a scholar of undoubted erudition |
| Courtly | graceful and polite, Elegant, Refined, a tall man with courtly manners, The waiter made a courtly bow. Courtly love/Pleasure |
| Puritanical | MORALISTIC, puritan, very strict about moral matters, especially sex, He has a puritanical attitude towards sex. a puritanical father who wouldn’t let his children watch television, The atmosphere at the school was oppressively puritanical. |
| Sorority | a club for women students at some American colleges and universities ⇒ fraternity |
| Otherworldly | more closely connected to spiritual things than to the ordinary things of life, They encourage an image of the region as an otherworldly sort of place. The children in the picture look delicate and otherworldly, as though they had never run or shouted. |
| Brand | to describe someone or something as a very bad type of person or thing, often unfairly, brand somebody (as) something, You can’t brand all football supporters as hooligans. Stealing that money has branded Jim for life – no one will trust him again. |
| Transcend | GO BEYOND the usual limits of sth, SURPASS, The desire for peace transcended political differences. Transcend barrier, confines, division, limit, limitation, issues like European union that transcend party loyalty. emotions that transcend understanding. |
| Transcendent | going far beyond ordinary limits, the transcendent genius of Mozart, Transcendent Truth/ Power/ Beauty/ Love, a writer of transcendent geniusافضل ، مافوق ، برتر |
| Flustered | confused and nervous, Paul was looking flustered and embarrassed. I always get flustered in interviews. The important thing when you're cooking for a lot of people is not to get in a fluster |
| Indelibility | lasting; durability, The indelibility of the country's old government frustrated those desiring change. Her words left an indelible impression on me for years to come. The blood had left an indelible mark on her shirt. |
| Erasability | erasable ink. an erasable pen. |
| Dispatch | to send someone or something somewhere for a particular purpose, dispatch somebody/something to somebody/something, A reporter was dispatched to Naples to cover the riot. |
| Goods are normally dispatched within 24 hours. | |
| Ferment | Turmoil, in ferment, In the 1960s, American society was in ferment. Political/ Intellectual/ Cultural Ferment, the artistic ferment of the late sixth century, The resignation of the president has left the country in ferment. |
| Genesis | Origin, Formation, the genesis of neurosis, the genesis of the myth, In her autobiography, she describes the song's genesis late one night in a Dublin bar. research into the genesis of cancer, The project had its genesis two years earlier |
| Nascence | beginning of existence or origins of a development process, the birth of generative grammar, the dawn of civilization, the genesis of quantum mechanics, the nascence of classical sculpture, the rise and decline of an ancient city-state. |
| Fractious | 1.Bad-tempered, Grumpy, Irritable, Children become fractious when they are tired. |
| Fractious baby/child, Nancy was in a fractious mood 2.making trouble and complaining | The six fractious republics are demanding autonomy. |
| Arrant | Utter, Unimaginative, What arrant nonsense! used to emphasize how bad something is, an arrant coward. |
| Weather | 1.SURVIVE, come through or Deal with a difficult situation successfully, The company weathered the storm of objections to the scheme. Ireland weathered the recession 2.The paint on the outside walls has weathered badly (changed and damaged by the weather) |
| Factions | 1.CLIQUE,Coterie,Cabal, struggles between the different factions within the party, the leaders of the warring factions 2.Disagreements and arguments between small groups within an organization, jealousy and faction, a party divided by faction and intrigue |
| Façade | 1.Front of a building, the facade of the cathedral 2.A deliberately false appearance and gives you a wrong impression, They hid the troubles plaguing their marriage behind a facade of family togetherness. She managed to maintain a facade of indifference. |
| Augur | To be a sign of being successful or unsuccessful, BODE, Today’s announcement of 300 redundancies does not augur well for the local economy. augur well/badly/ill, Do you think that the recent announcement augurs (is a sign of) a shift in government policy? |
| Consonant | Being in agreement or accord, be consonant with something, remarks consonant with our own beliefs. This policy is scarcely consonant with the government’s declared aims. |
| Infatuation | Passion that does not last long, Obsession, the current infatuation with seventies style, His infatuation with the actress is evident in his writing. She was infatuated with her boss, It isn’t love, it’s just a passing infatuation. |
| Dabble | to do or be involved in sth in a way that is not very serious, dabble in/at/with, people who dabble in painting as a way of relaxing, She dabbled with drugs at school. She is a talented musician but is content to just dabble. He dabbles in local politics. |
| Anything but | Not at All, everything except for, anything with the exception of, همه چیز بجز She's meant to be really nice but she was anything but nice when I met her. |
| Regale | To ENTERTAIN, Divert, Amuse, regale somebody with something, Bailey regaled the customers with tales of our exploits. Regale the Audience with Tale, He regaled us with tales of his days as a jazz pianist. |
| Senile | DODDERING, doddery, decrepit, senile old man, She worries about going senile, The old man was showing unmistakable signs of senility. |
| Incapacitate | to make you too ill or weak to live and work normally, Her mother has been incapacitated by a fall. an incapacitating injury, The accident left me incapacitated for seven months. Rubber bullets are designed to incapacitate people rather than kill them. |
| Psychic | 1.Mental, Supernatural, Psychic power, a documentary on psychic phenomena 2.Clarivoyant, You don’t have to be psychic to know what Maggie is thinking. |
| Blasé | Indifferent, Uninterested, blasé about, He’s very blasé about money now that he’s got that job. his seemingly blasé attitude, Kids have become blasé about violence on television. |
| Jejune | 1.ideas that are jejune are too simple or Childish, jejune political opinions, He made jejune generalizations about how all students were lazy and never did any work. 2. boring We knew we were in for a pretty long, jejune evening. |
| Outright | 1.Clear(ly),Direct(ly), He finally resorted to an outright lie. Why don't you tell me outright? 2.Abouslute(ly), Complete(ly), The response of the audience varied from outright rejection to warm hospitality. an outright Ban / Rejection / Victory/ Winner. |
| Malfeasance | illegal or dishonest activity, Several cases of malpractice and malfeasance in the financial world are currently being investigated. |
| Plangent | MELANCHOLY, mournful, plaintive, the plangent sound of the violin |
| Defection | desertion, abandonment, Over the years there were hundreds of defections to the West/defections from the East. Recent changes in policy have resulted in large-scale defection from the party. |
| Countenance n | Facial Expression, All color drained from her countenance. Her countenance said it all—the look on her face was pure terror. her calmly smiling countenance a young man of handsome countenance |
| Differ to | submit to or acknowledge the merit of, I will defer to your wishes. ’m not an expert in databases—I’ll defer to our programmers on that decision. (MnM= Remind Deference) |
| Sedition | speech, writing, or actions intended to encourage people to disobey a government, Trade union leaders were charged with sedition. Sedition laws to commit sedition seditious activity The letter was declared seditious. |
| Foreshadow | Prefigure, Forerun, Harbinger, Herald, Portentous, Ominous, Indicate or suggest beforehand, presage, The revolution foreshadowed an entirely new social order. (MnM= The shadow comes first) |
| Hearken | Listen, Pay attention to, The simple lifestyle and anachronistic dress of the Amish hearken back to an earlier era. |
| Hark | Listen, Hearken, hark back, to remember and talk about things that happened in the past, hark back to, It’s useless to continually hark back to the past. hark back to sth, to be similar to sth in the past, music that harks back to the early age of jazz |
| Obstreperous | Awkward, Intractable, Intransigent, Obdurate, obstreperous customers, You know I have no intention of being awkward and obstreperous. |
| Lone wolf | Maverick, Loose Cannon, individualist possessing opinions that are not accepted by the majority, a political maverick doesn’t belong to any party. |
| Loose Cannon | someone who behaves in an uncontrolled or unexpected way and is likely to cause problems for other people, He's seen as something of a loose cannon by other team members. |
| Mores | Convention, Ethos, the customs, social behavior, convention, and moral values of a particular group, contemporary social and sexual mores, middle-class mores, the mores and culture of the Japanese (MnM= More Ways) |
| Objective | 1.Factual, related to reality or physical objects; 2.not influenced by emotions, unbiased, Impartial, Disinterested, Dispassionate, and Nonpartisan, only objective reality—that is, physical matter—is of consequence. |
| Turbid | 1.MURKY, opaque, cloudy, muddy, Several different species of fish inhabit these turbid shallow waters. 2.Obscure, Confused, turbid feelings. |
| Preempt | Prevent; Obviate, take the place of, supplant; take before sb else can, A news program preempted the scheduled shows. Regular programming was preempted by a report on the war. The deal preempted a strike by rail workers. پيشدستى کردن ، به انحصار دراوردن |
| Standing | Status, reputation (n); existing indefinitely, not movable (adj), Her work helped to improve her standing with her colleagues. The scandal damaged the governor’s standing in the polls. You have to pay standing charges whether or not you use the service. |
| Dissolution | 1.Dissolve, The president announced the dissolution of the Parliment. 2.Termination, the statutory requirement for granting dissolution of a marriage. 3.Disintegration, the process of gradually disappearing, the dissolution of barriers of class and race |
| Posthumous | happening, printed etc after someone’s death, a posthumous collection of his articles, He was posthumously awarded the Military Cross. Posthumous Fame/ Pardon/ Publication/ Reputation/ Award, A posthumous collection of her work has just been published. |
| Cornerstone | Foundation, Sth of great importance that the rest depends upon it, Keystone, The magazine became the cornerstone of McFadden’s publishing empire. In most countries, the family unit is still the cornerstone of society. |
| Concomitant | Attendant, war with all its concomitant sufferings, Deafness is a frequent concomitant of old age. Loss of memory is a natural concomitant of old age. Any increase in students meant a concomitant increase in funding. توام، ملزوم، |
| Vain | conceited, proud, Men can be just as vain as women. in vain, a)Without success in spite of your efforts, Police searched in vain for the missing gunman. b)Without purpose or without positive results, Altman swore that his son’s death would not be in vain |
| Unsparing | 1.not caring about people’s feelings, Merciless, She is unsparing in her criticism. an unsparing superior officer an unsparing portrait of life in the slums 2.giving or given generously, He won his mother’s unsparing approval. unsparing in their sth |
| Let alone | To say nothing of; Not to mention, To emphasize the improbability of a contrasting example, He would never walk again let alone play, I didn't even notice it, let alone mind it. How many ever see a Minister, let alone a President. بماند، چه برسد به |
| Thorny | complicated and difficult, a thorny question/problem/issue, He has now raised the thorny issue of taxation within the European Union. the thorny question of immigration policy |
| Well-earned | fully deserved; worthy of a reward, Well-earned Reputation/ Rest, Liz won't be at work next week - she's having a well-earned break/rest/holiday. Take a well-earned rest and go out and enjoy yourself. his well-earned win in Sunday's race. |
| Forbidding | having a frightening or unfriendly appearance, forbidding place/land/landscape/ Appearance/ Manner/ Look/ Face, We sailed past the island’s rather dark and forbidding cliffs. His face was forbidding, even hostile. |
| Sunny | 1.Cheerful, Sunny Disposition, 2.Optimistic, Look on the sunny side, 3.Bright |
| But that | That, there is no doubt but that it must be done, activities that make up our lives but that ordinarily escape our notice |
| somebody cannot but do something | used to say that someone has to do something or cannot stop themselves from doing it, I could not but admire her. The pistol was positioned where I couldn't help but see it |
| But for | EXCEPT FOR, سوایٍThere was complete silence but for the occasional sound of distant traffic. The square was empty but for a couple of cabs. 2.If it were not for He would have played but for a knee injury. |
| But then 1 | On the other hand, He might agree. But then again he might have a completely different opinion. |
| But then 2 | Used before a statement that explains or gives a reason, She speaks very good Italian. But then she did live in Rome for a year (it’s not surprising). I think it's true, but then (it should be understood that) I'm no expert |
| But what | that … not ― used to indicate possibility or uncertainty <I don't know but what I will go> |
| keep a low profile | remained inconspicuous, did not attract the attention of others, He's been in a bit of trouble recently so he's trying to keep a low profile. She’s keeping a low profile until the scandal is forgotten. |
| Ilk | قماش Type, Kind, of that/his/their etc ilk, Irving Berlin and composers of his ilk, somebody and that/his/their etc ilk, Mrs Taylor and her ilk talk absolute rubbish |
| Underneath it all | if someone is a particular kind of person underneath it all, this is what they are really like |
| Umbrage | take umbrage TAKE OFFENCE, take exception, You don't think she'll take umbrage if she isn't invited to the wedding, do you? He takes umbrage against anyone who criticizes him. took umbrage at their rudeness. |
| Unsolicited | unrequested, uninvited, Not looked for or requested Unsolicited advice, attachment, call, email, mail, manuscript, message, submission |
| Parry | 1. To Ward off, To defense, To Deflect, It is far easier to parry a direct blow than to stop it forcibly. 2.To Avoid answering, He parried all her questions about his work. Predictably the president parried enquiries about the arms scandal. |
| Defalcate | Embezzle, Steal Money, اختلاس کردن |
| Obstreperous | noisy and refusing to do what someone asks, Awkward, Raucous, obstreperous customers, You know I have no intention of being awkward and obstreperous. |
| Sacrilegious | PROFANE, blasphemous, impious, sacrilegious practices/acts, Muslims consider it sacrilege to wear shoes inside a mosque. It would be a sacrilege to put a neon sign on that beautiful old building. |
| Philately | Stamp Collecting |
| Numismatist | Coin Collector سکه شناس ، مدال شناس |
| Dilettante | DABBLER, amateur, He's a bit of a dilettante as far as wine is concerned. a dilettante artist, dabbler in the stock market; a sculptor but a mere dilettante. |
| Minutiae | DETAILS, niceties, finer points, particulars, trivia, I’m not interested in the minutiae of the research, just its conclusions. Much of his early work is concerned with the minutiae of rural life. the minutiae of the contract |
| Intemperate | IMMODERATE, excessive, undue, inordinate, showing a lack of control over yourself, intemperate language/ Outburst, The tone of the article is intemperate. The governor said he would not be provoked into intemperate action. |
| Sedulous | Arduous, Diligent, busy, industrious, diligent, assiduous, sedulous attention to detail, assiduous efforts to learn French, the sedulous pursuit of legal and moral principles |
| Seditious | She was arrested after making a speech that the government considered to be seditious. He fell under suspicion for distributing seditious pamphlets. فتنه جويانه ، فتنه گر |
| Hubris | excessive pride, egotism, conceit, haughtiness, hauteur, self-importance, pomposity, superciliousness, He was punished for his hubris. tale of how an honorable man pursuing honorable goals was afflicted with hubris and led his nation towards catastrophe. |
| Recumbent | (of a person’s body or position) lying down Reclining, Her recumbent body in a recumbent posture, She looked at Timothy's recumbent form beside her. He looked down at the recumbent figure. |
| Effusive | Overflowing, Unreserved, Express Pleasure, Gratitude, or approval in a very enthusiastic way, He was effusive in his praise for the general, She greeted them effusively. an effusive welcome He was effusive in his praise. |
| Rapport | Affinity, friendly agreement and understanding between people ⇒ relationship, rapport with/between, He had an excellent rapport with his patients. Establish/ Build up/ Develop (a) Rapport, He built up a good rapport with the children. |
| Retroactively | in the manner of taking effect on a past date, Retrospectively, It isn't yet clear whether the new law can actually be applied retroactively. the first British law to have retroactive effect, The legislation is retroactive to 1st June. |
| Relic | 1.an object, tradition from the past, During the dig, he archeological team found some relics from the Stone Age. The country's employment system is a relic of the 1960s when jobs were scarce 2.part of the body, These bones are the relics of a 12th saint. |
| Impunity | Immunity, Freedom from punishment, do sth with impunity, It’s astonishing that these criminals are free to walk the streets with impunity. Criminal gangs are terrorizing the city with apparent impunity. There was a palpable sense of relief among the crowd |
| Palpable | Tangible, Palpable relief, sense, tension, effect, ملموس |
| Understated | an understated style is one that is attractive because it is simple and does not have too many decorations, Subtle, the understated elegance of the Hotel Traiano, Understated Elegance, He's very elegant, in an understated (= not too obvious) way. |
| In the least | Minimally, At all, I'm not like that at all. Not in the least, I'm not in the least bit touched by the Marilyn, Monroe kind of beauty. Alice wasn't the least bit frightened. |
| Not least | Notably; in particular, Dieting can be bad for you, not least because it is a cause of stress. Everyone is more reluctant to travel these days, not least the Americans. She was upset about his appearance here, not least because it was invading her privacy |
| Esurient | Greedy, Famished, extremely hungry; ardently, excessively; |
| Ravenous | Starving, Famished, Voracious, I’m absolutely ravenous. a ravenous appetite, ravenous for power |
| Mirth | MERRIMENT, Hilary, high spirits, happiness and laughter, Her body began to shake with mirth. That caused considerable mirth amongst pupils and sports masters alike, The performance produced much mirth among the audience. |
| Mirthless | not showing real amusement or happiness, dour, sullen, sulky, gloomy, mournful, melancholy, doleful, miserable, grumpy a mirthless laugh/smile |
| Tether | Fasten, Not tethered to an approach, AT THE END OF TETHHER, so worried, tired, and unhappy because of your problems that you feel you cannot cope. She was jealous, humiliated, and emotionally at the end of her tether. |
| Pliant | flexible; Pliable, Compliant, Easily controllable, Isabel was pliant in his arms. Pliant judges have been a problem in the past. She's proud and stubborn, you know, under that pliant exterior. The government wanted to make the press more pliant. |
| Far from | Not at all, tending to the opposite of (what is expected), Don't leave now, our task is far from complete! FAR FROM SAYING=CONTRARY TO WHAT HAS BEEN ACCEPTED |
| Disavow | Deny, disclaim, disown, Renounce, Repudiate, They were quick to disavow the rumor. She tried to disavow her past. Dr. Samuels immediately disavowed the newspaper story. They disavowed claims of a split in the party. |
| Vagary | unexpected and unpredictable changes in a situation or in sb behavior, Caprice, the perplexing vagaries of politics, To follow the vagaries of fashion, the vagaries of the weather, She had her own style and was not influenced by the vagaries of fashion. |
| Piecemeal | A LITTLE AT A TIME, piece by piece, bit by bit, gradually, slowly, The buildings have been adapted in a piecemeal fashion. a piecemeal approach to the problem, Piecemeal reform, The government plans to sell the railways piecemeal to the private sector |
| Outlandish | strange and unusual, outlandish clothes, Her story seemed so outlandish. Outlandish Idea/ Costumes/ Lifestyle/ outfit, This idea is not as outlandish as it sounds. As the show progressed, it got ever more outlandish. |
| Bungling | Incompetent, blundering, amateurish, inept, The whole police operation was bungled. (Mishandled) |
| Dizzying | causing vertigo, causing dizziness; confusing, bewildering, The riverbank rushed towards her with dizzying speed. The dizzying pace of political change in the country caught many people by surprise. |
| Vertiginous | causing vertigo, a vertiginous drop to the valley below , She can't stand heights and has always suffered from vertigo, سرگيجه اى ، دوران کننده ، دورانى |
| Giddy | Dizzy, Greg stared down from the seventh floor and began to feel giddy. Sheila felt giddy with excitement. |
| Beaming | Bright, Shinny, She gave a beaming (= wide and happy) smile. |
| Eschew | To Avoid, ABSTAIN FROM, refrain from, I had eschewed politics in favor of a life practicing law. eschewed publicity and avoided nightclubs. |
| Nudge | To push slightly, nudge your way to/through etc (something), I started to nudge my way to the front of the crowd. nudge somebody into/towards something, We’re trying to nudge them towards a practical solution. |
| Paroxysm | Spasm, Sudden Outburst, Had she cut her wrists in a paroxysm of guilt? In a sudden paroxysm of jealousy he threw her clothes out of the window. paroxysms of laughter اوج |
| Skirmish | Short argument, Small fight, skirmish with/between/over, The young soldier was killed in a skirmish with government troops. |
| fray | Quarrel, Fight, Three civilians were injured during the fray. The fabric is very fine or frays easily, As the debate went on, tempers began to fray. |
| Oust | drive out; expel, remove, oust somebody from something, The Communists were finally ousted from power. The president was ousted (from power) in a military coup in January 1987.Police are trying to oust drug dealers from the city centre. |
| Effigy | representation of a person, a statue of a famous person, effigy of, an effigy of Saint Francis, a threat to burn the president in effigy Crowds marched through the streets carrying burning effigies of the president. |
| Privation | lack of necessities, Hardship, the privations of wartime, Several villages suffered serious privations during their long isolation during the war. the privations of poverty They endured years of suffering and privation. |
| Excruciating | agonizing, Helen described the events of the night before in excruciating detail. When I bend my arm, the pain is excruciating. excruciating boredom, His confession, when it came, was excruciating. |
| Succumb | give in, surrender, yield, Succumbing to pressure from the chemical industry, Governor Blakely amended the regulations. Gina succumbed to temptation and had a second serving of cake. |
| Fretful | Restless, anxious and complaining, and unable to relax, The child was tired and fretful. By midnight the children were tired and fretful (= complaining a lot because they were unhappy). |
| Impresario | one who organizes and manages public entertainments; director, London's leading theatrical impresario |
| Entourage | a group of people who travel with an important person, the President and members of his immediate entourage an entourage of adoring fans دار و دسته |
| Venom | 1.malice, There was real venom in her voice. a look of pure venom 2.Poison, The viper paralyses its prey by injecting it with venom. Ms Brown has launched a venomous attack against the newspaper. |
| Spew | Throw out, Vomit, Eject, Factory chimneys spewed fumes out into the sky. Brown water spewed from the tap. Leaking oil spewed from the tanker |
| Ineffectual | inefficient, not producing results; futile; an ineffectual leader, She remembered her ineffectual efforts to comfort him. Several of the teachers were ineffectual at maintaining discipline. an ineffectual attempt to reform the law |
| Inclement | COLD, chilly, bleak, inclement weather is unpleasantly cold, wet |
| Premonition | a feeling that sth is going to happen, especially sth unpleasant, a premonition of disaster FOREBODING, When Anne didn’t arrive, Paul had a premonition that she was in danger. He had an unshakable premonition that he would die. |
| Desist | stop, cease, cease and desist, The soldiers have been ordered to desist from firing their guns. The high winds are expected to desist tomorrow. They agreed to desist from the bombing campaign. |
| Recoil | DRAW BACK, jump back, pull back, to move back because of fear or disgust, She recoiled from his touch as if she had been slapped. We recoil in horror from the thought of subjecting someone to extreme pain. |
| Obsess | Preoccupied, The whole relationship obsessed me for years. She used to obsess about her weight. She’s completely obsessed with him. |
| Wan | Pale, He looked wan and tired, She gave me a wan smile (= showing no energy or enthusiasm). the wan sunlight of a winter’s morning |
| Symptomatic | INDICATIVE, characteristic, The rise in unemployment is symptomatic of a general decline in the economy. a symptomatic infection These disagreements are symptomatic of the tensions within the party. |
| Squeamish | easily upset, I am not squeamish about blood. Many cooks are squeamish about putting live shellfish into boiling water. |
| Mawkish | (Sentimental, bathetic, maudlin, mawkish, mushy, romantic, schmaltzy, slushy, soppy)= Excessively or Insincerely Emotional, a mawkish love story/poem, The film lapses into mawkish sentimentality near the end. |
| Bathetic | Absurd, Sentimental, Soppy, Mawkish, Mushy, Schmaltzy, a bathetic novel; |
| Mushy | 1.Soft, mushy pieces of banana | a few mushy carrots 2.Sentimental, I hate those mushy love stories. The film was just romantic mush. |
| Prodigy | Genius, child/infant prodigy, Mozart was a musical prodigy. a Russian tennis prodigy. |
| Assimilate | Absorb, Incorporate, Subsume, It will take time to hard to assimilate (= learn and understand) so much information. Assimilate all these facts. Refugees find it difficult to become assimilated into the community. |
| Assimiable | What can be assimilated, A textbook needs to be assimilable (= able to be understood) to sell a lot of copies. assimilable nutrients; assimilable information. |
| Assimilation | act or state of being incorporated into; absorption into the cultural tradition of another group, The assimilation of ethnic Germans in the US was accelerated by the two world wars. the rapid assimilation of new ideas his assimilation into the community |
| Give way | retreat, give up; yield, the government gave way and passed the bill, Neither of them will give way, so they could be arguing for a very long time. Don't give way to your fears. The mother gave way to her crying child. |
| Fitful | Intermittent, Sporadic, spasmodic, John awoke from a fitful sleep. The peace talks only seem to be making fitful progress. She slept fitfully (= only for short, irregular periods) throughout the night and arose before dawn. a fitful burst of energy |
| Sallow | Yellowish, Sallow Complexion/ Face/ Skin, complexion, face, skin |
| Jaundiced | (پزشکى) زردى ، دچار يرقان Yellow, |
| Surly | Sullen, Bad-Tempered, Sulky, Moody, a surly teenager, We were served by a very surly waiter. He gave me a surly look. surly clouds filled the sky. |
| Artful | SLY, crafty, cunning, wily, scheming, devious, Machiavellian, artful tricks, artfully concealed pockets, He has shown himself to be an artful politician. The prime minister dealt with the interviewer's questions in a very artful way |
| Frantically | wildly, madly, hysterically, I've been working frantically all week to get it finished on time. He frantically searched for the key. ديوانه وار ، باشدت خشم |
| Gingerly | Cautiously, warily, charily, circumspectly, delicately; heedfully, He gingerly felt his way along the dark tunnel. I drove gingerly past the security check points. He opened the box gingerly and looked inside. |
| Flippantly | carelessly, disrespectfully, disdainfully, thoughtlessly, |
| Malodorous | FOUL-SMELLING, evil-smelling, fetid, smelly, The town is built on a malodorous swamp. tons of malodorous garbage bags. |
| Hirsute | HAIRY, shaggy, bushy, |
| Noisome | Noxious, Very unpleasant, noisome smells/ Odor/ Fume, Noisome vapors arise from the mud left in the docks. His noisome reputation for corruption had already begun to spread. |
| Impecunious | PENNILESS, poor, impoverished, indigent, insolvent, penurious, Destitute, He came from a respectable if impecunious family. I first knew him as an impecunious student living in a tiny bedsit. |
| Oblique | Indirect so that the real meaning is not immediately clear, an oblique reference to his drinking problem, Through the window came the last few oblique rays of evening sunshine. He gave her an oblique glance. |
| Simpatico | likeable, pleasant; compatible, sympathetic, congenial, We’re simpatico about most things. |
| Splenetic | of the spleen; irritable, spiteful, malicious; gloomy |
| Winsome | Handsome, Pleasing, charming, a winsome smile |
| Perjurious | False, untrue, mendacious; guilty of lying under oath, guilty of perjury |
| Periphrasis | indirect speech, circumlocution; indirect expression |
| Dysphemism | a derogatory or unpleasant term used instead of a pleasant or neutral one. |
| Nescience | Lack of knowledge (MnM= No Science) |
| Somnolent | Sleepy, Soporific, Quit, He lay quiet, somnolent after the day’s exertions. a somnolent summer's afternoon The sedative makes people very somnolent. |
| Belletrist | نويسنده شعر و اثارادبى زيبا ، اديب belles-lettres=high-quality literature, "classic" literature |
| Palatable | 1.tasty, savory, Palatable Wine 2.Acceptable, Palatable Idea/ Opinion, They changed the wording of the advertisement to make it more palatable to women. The truth, as always, is slightly less palatable. (DO NOT CONFUSE IT WITH PALPABLE=Tangible, Real) |
| Comestible | Edible, that can be eaten, meat, cheese, and other comestibles. |
| Pulchritudinous | beautiful, physically attractive |
| Esculent | Edible, Comestible, Eatable |
| Disinter | Exhume, Unearth, Disentomb. The bones were disinterred and moved to a burial site. to find or use sth that has been lost or not used for a long time, She disinterred two frozen dinners, The trend for disinterring sixties soul classics for TV commercials. |
| Exsiccate | Dry, dehydrate, desiccate, parch, sear, Anhydrate |
| Largess | willingness to give money, or money given to poor people by rich people, The national theatre will be the main beneficiary of the millionaire's largesse. |
| Wile | artifice, trick, ruse, feint, stratagem, maneuver, dodge, plan a scheme; cheat, deceive; tempt, entice; the wiles of a skilled negotiator. He did not fail to see/His uncle's cunning wiles and treachery |
| Dissension | disagreement among a group of people, dissension in/within/between/among, This move sowed dissension within the party ranks. The Labor Party was torn by internal dissensions. |
| Rally | to come together, or to bring people together, to support an idea, a political party, Fellow Republicans rallied to the President’s defense. rally to do sth, Surely they could have rallied to raise the cash. an attempt to rally support for the party |
| Check | Halt, two defeats checked their progress, The police are failing to take adequate measures to check the growth in crime. |
| Muster | gather together, summon, muster (up) the courage/confidence/energy to do sth, Finally I mustered up the courage to ask her out. Senator Newbolt has been trying to muster support for his proposals |
| Looming | (of something unwanted or unpleasant) happening soon and causing worry, the looming crisis, disaster, recession, shortage, showdown, specter Her exams are looming. Here, too, the threat of unemployment has been looming on the horizon. |
| Deliquesce | become a liquid; LIQUEFY, dissolve, melt as a result of 1.decaying or 2. absorbing water from the air |
| Inconstant | Fickle, faithless, unfaithful, an inconstant lover |
| Nigh | 1. Almost, nigh on, There were nigh on 40 people there. She must have written nigh on (= nearly but not quite) 50 books. 2.Near or soon, Winter draws nigh (=will start soon). The time is nigh (= It is nearly time) for us to make a decision. |
| Stirring | Exciting, thrilling, rousing, stimulating, moving, a stirring speech/ music/ words , A stirring of a feeling or thought is the beginning of one. I feel a stirring of curiosity. a stirring performance stirring memories |
| Reap | Harvest; Receive, Earn, Win, Gain, Reap the benefit/reward/profit/ Benefit/ Crop/ Dividend/ Fruit/ Gain/ Harvest/ Windfall, (of something) You'll soon begin to reap the benefits of being fitter, She reaped large profits from her unique invention. |
| Coddle | 1.Pamper, Cosset, mollycoddle, Don’t coddle the child – he’s fine! The steel industry is coddled by trade protection and massive subsidies. 2.to cook food, especially eggs, in water just below boiling temperature, coddled eggs |
| Querulous | PETULANT, peevish, pettish, complaining, fractious, fretful, But why can’t I go?’ he said in a querulous voice. He became increasingly dissatisfied and querulous in his old age. a querulous voice; querulous comments |
| Ouster | sb’s ouster/the ouster of somebody, the president’s ouster by the military, the ouster of the brutal dictatorship The committee's chairperson is facing a possible ouster. |
| Outcry | Scream, Shout, an angry protest by a lot of ordinary people, The closure of the local hospital has caused a huge public outcry. outcry against/about/over, a national outcry about the lack of gun control laws |
| Jaded | Satiated, Tired, The concert should satisfy even the most jaded critic, Perhaps some caviar can tempt your jaded palate. I felt terribly jaded after working all weekend. It was a meal to tempt even the most jaded palate. |
| Fetching | Attractive, Your sister looks very fetching in that dress. a fetching blue sweater a fetching smile |
| Truant | Absentee, persistent truants You'll fail all your exams if you carry on truanting My daughter's school has very good exam results and hardly any truancy. (MnM= Knune Aunt Boodam) |
| Ineluctable | inescapable, inevitable, Unavoidable, Malthus's theories about the ineluctable tendency of populations to exceed resources, the ineluctable signs of ageing |
| Menial | 1.Adj.menial work is boring, needs no skill, and is not important, a menial job, She did menial tasks about the house. menial jobs / work menial tasks like cleaning the floor 2.N. they were treated like menials, SERVANT, drudge, minion, factotum, lackey |
| Confluence | CONVERGENCE, meeting, junction, conflux, a confluence of unhappy events, The 160-metre falls mark the dramatic confluence of the rivers Nera and Velino. the confluence of the Blue Nile and the White Nile, a confluence of social factors |
| Wrought | 1. made or done in a careful or decorative way, The new album contains some carefully-wrought new songs and a number of familiar hits. Her poems are well-wrought and intensely personal. 2.pp Wreak= inflict, impose |
| Innervate | PROVOKE 4, excite, galvanize, innerve, motivate, |
| Castrate | emasculate, sterilize, NEUTER, geld, cut, desex |
| Relish | 1.v, enjoy, relish the prospect/thought/idea, I don’t relish the thought of you walking home alone. |
| Relish | the chance/opportunity 2.n, Enjoyment, I ate with great relish, enjoying every bite. |
| Exegesis | INTERPRETATION, explanation, the kind of academic exegesis at which Isaacs excels, a substantial exegesis of his work. to provide an exegesis of a text biblical exegesis |
| Jaundiced | 1. thinking that people or things are bad, especially because you have had bad experiences in the past, He has a very jaundiced view of the world. She viewed politics and politicians with a jaundiced eye (=in a jaundiced way). 2. suffering from jaundice |
| Muddle | Confuse, be in a muddle/get into a muddle over/about, My grandmother tends to get into a muddle over names. Spanish and Italian are very similar and I sometimes get them muddled up. muddle something with something |
| Serpentine | WINDING, windy, zigzag, twisty, COMPLICATED, complex, intricate, involved, the serpentine course of the river |
| Primogenitor | ancestor, forefather, distant relative |
| Subtilize | To render subtle, make more subtle; refine. “I need to tell stories. I find new friends, new listeners, subtilize my lies” |
| Spur | Stimulate, It provided the spur to further research. spur sb (on) to do sth, His misfortunes spurred him to write. the coach who spurred him on to Olympic success, It was an article in the local newspaper which finally spurred him into action. |
| On the spur of the moment | IMPULSIVELY, on impulse, impetuously, We would often decide what to play on the spur of the moment. |
| Fledgling | 1.Infant, a fledgling republic, fledgling democracies, The current economic climate is particularly difficult for fledgling businesses. 2.Emerging, fledgling industries |
| Fully-Fledged | completely developed, trained, or established, After seven years of training she’s now a fully-fledged doctor. What started as a small business is now a fully-fledged company. After years of study, Tim is now a fully-fledged architect. |
| Bane | Poison; Plague, be the bane of something/somebody, a cause of continual trouble or unhappiness Drugs are the bane of the inner cities. Her brother is the bane of her life. Keeping noise levels low is the bane of airport administration. |
| Regent | نايب السلطنه George IV became Prince Regent in 1811, because of his father's insanity. |
| Libertine | PHILANDERER, playboy, rake, roué, LICENTIOUS, lustful, libidinous, lecherous, lascivious |
| Cachinnate | laugh loudly, laugh wildly |
| Blandish | gently persuade; flatter, Coax, |
| Simper | SMILE AFFECTEDLY, smile coquettishly, بيجا خنديدن ، سفيهانه خنديدن ، خنده زورکى کردن |
| Garbled | MIX UP, muddle, jumble, confuse, The papers had some garbled version of the story. his own garbled version of the El Greco story, He gave a garbled account of what had happened. There was a garbled message from her on my voicemail. اشفته ، درهم |
| Elapse | PASS, go by/past, if a particular period of time elapses, it passes, Several months elapsed before his case was brought to trial. The assignment must be completed within an overall elapsed time of one week. سپرى شدن |
| Domicile | Home, Residence, the place where someone lives, Military service entails frequent changes of domicile. He was domiciled (= living) in Saudi Arabia during the 1980s. |
| Cormorant | inhabiting, dwelling, residing; of a dwelling |
| Lurid | 1.Sensational, involves a lot of violence, sex, or shocking detail. lurid accounts of Claire's sexual exploits, lurid headlines The paper gave all the lurid details of the murder. 2.Bright in color She was wearing a lurid orange and green blouse. |
| Quip | Joke, Jest, use a clever or sarcastic expression, ‘Giving up smoking is easy,’ he quipped. ‘I’ve done it hundreds of times.’ It was Oscar Wilde who made the famous quip about life mimicking art. |
| Witticism | JOKE, quip, jest, pun, a clever amusing remark |
| Placard | NOTICE, poster, sign, bill, advertisement, a huge placard saying ‘Welcome to Derbyville’ |
| Nominal | 1. Slight, nominal sum/charge/fee For a nominal fee, they will deliver orders to customers' homes. 2. She's the nominal head of our college - the real work is done by her deputy. صورى |
| Illustrious | outstanding; distinguished, famous, renowned; luminous She has had an illustrious career. Wagner was just one of many illustrious visitors to the town. |
| Jaunty | Sprightly, Gay, Blithe, Cheerful, He had a jaunty walk. Her hat was set at a jaunty angle. jaunty smile a hat set at a jaunty angle, He set off jauntily, whistling to himself. |
| Haven | sanctuary, ANCHORAGE, a haven of peace/tranquility/calm, In the middle of the city, this garden is a haven of tranquility. The garden was a haven from the noise and bustle of the city. پناهگاه |
| Eventuate | منجر شدن RESULT IN, end in, The epidemic eventuated in the deaths of thousands. |
| Scurry | HURRY, hasten People were scurrying off to work. The mouse scurried across the floor. The noise of the explosion sent the villagers scurrying back into their homes. The attack began, sending residents scurrying for cover |
| Declaim | Speak Loudly, If you declaim, you speak dramatically, as if you were acting in a theatre. He raised his right fist and declaimed |
| Fetter | SHACKLE, manacle, handcuff, RESTRICT, restrain fettered by family responsibilities He felt fettered by a nine-to-five office existence. these obligations fetter the company's powers |
| Nomadic | wandering, if someone leads a nomadic life, they travel from place to place and do not live in any one place for very long, The son of an air force pilot, he had a somewhat nomadic childhood. nomadic people/herdsmen/ life/existence |
| Interloper | INTRUDER, encroacher, trespasser, Security did not prevent an interloper from getting onto the stage at the opening ceremony. She felt like an interloper in her own family. |
| Bulwark | PROTECTOR, defender, protection, guard, My savings were to be a bulwark against unemployment. a bulwark against communism خاکريز ، بارو |
| Cache | HIDING PLACE, cache of explosives/ weapons/drugs, a large arms cache, huge arms cache was discovered by police. |
| Consummate | perfect; skilled, excellent, complete a great performance from a consummate actor, He won the race with consummate ease (=very easily). De Gaulle conducted his strategy with consummate skill. his consummate lack of tact |
| Subterfuge | deceptive stratagem, ruse, contrivance, Journalists often use subterfuge to obtain material for stories. a political subterfuge حيله |
| Concoct | MAKE UP, dream up, fabricate, John concocted an elaborate excuse for being late. alibi, scheme سرهم کردن، جفت و جور کردن |
| Manifold | MANY, numerous, multifarious, legion, The reasons for this situation are manifold. Despite her manifold faults, she was a strong leader. Gaelic can be heard here in manifold forms Manifold examples of her work have been preserved in the city archives. |
| Fraught | FULL OF, filled with, rife with; attended by, fraught with problems/difficulties/danger etc full of problems, heir marriage has been fraught with difficulties. |
| Hoax | trick, deceive, dupe, a bomb hoax, hoax calls (=telephone calls giving false information) to the police |
| Exult | REJOICE, exult at/in/over, he exulted in her new discovery. ‘We made the front page!’ Jos exulted. He was exulting in a win at the show earlier that day |
| Deploy | 1.POSITION, deploy forces/troops/weapons, NATO’s decision to deploy cruise missiles 2.to use something for a particular purpose, especially ideas, arguments, a job in which a variety of professional skills will be deployed to deploy arguments / resources |
| Veneer | 1.SURFACE, The wardrobe is made of chipboard with a pine veneer., Cover, 2. Façade, a veneer of politeness/sophistication/ respectability, behavior that hides sb's real character or feelings, A thin veneer of politeness hid Lady Bride’s growing anger. |
| Buff | Fan, Follower, person who is very interested in or enthusiastic about a particular subject (i.e. history buff) |
| Romp | با جيغ وداد بازى کردن They could hear the children romping around upstairs. |
| Conjugal | MARITAL, matrimonial, nuptial, conjugal love conjugal happiness, Some prisoners who want to start a family are to be permitted conjugal visits. |
| Legion | numerous, The stories of her adventures were legion. The difficulties surrounding the court case are legion. legions of sb large numbers of people, He failed to turn up for the concert, disappointing the legions of fans waiting outside. |
| Fiat | DECREE, edict, order, command The matter was settled by presidential fiat No company can set industry standards by fiat. Prices have been fixed by government fiat. |
| Underwrite | SPONSOR, support, back The government has agreed to underwrite the project with a grant of £5 million. The government will have to create a special agency to underwrite small business loans |
| Blunt | 1.V.make less sharp or intense, dull, soften, alleviate The bad weather blunted their enthusiasm for camping. 2.Adj, STRAIGHTFORWARD, |
| Pesky | troublesome, bothersome; irksome, Those pesky kids from next door have let down my car tyres again! |
| Extant | STILL EXISTING, in existence, Few of the manuscripts are still extant. |
| Puissant | powerful; forceful; strong, mighty توانا ، نيرومند |
| Expiate | ATONE FOR, make amends for, make up for, do penance for, She expiated her crime by becoming a nun. Expiate a Sin, the expiation of a sin, an often painful process of evaluation and expiation, He had a chance to confess and expiate his guilt. |
| Scintillating | Sparkling, coruscating, interesting, clever, and amusing, scintillating conversation, a scintillating performance |
| Coruscating | Dazzling, Exiting, He's not known for his coruscating wit. a play with scenes of coruscating brilliance |
| Assent | V & N, Agree, Agreement, They assented to his request to work from home. |
| Bombast | trite clichés, hackneyed expressions, empty words, BLUSTER, pomposity, There was no bombast or conceit in his speech. |
| Precept | PRINCIPLE, rule, tenet, canon, doctrine, command, basic moral precepts, This policy goes against common precepts of decency. an electoral process based on the precept that all men are born equal. |
| Sobriety | Calmness, seriousness, We had the priest sitting at our table which instilled a little sobriety into the occasion. In fact the whole wedding was a sober affair - no dancing, just people standing around in groups chatting politely. |
| Clamor | shout; demand loudly, Trouillot disregarded the growing public clamor for her resignation. The audience cheered, clamoring for more. clamor to do something, All his friends were clamoring to know where he’d been. |
| Divisive | causing a lot of disagreement between people, The strike was a divisive issue in the community. socially/economically/politically divisive, socially divisive policies The Vietnam war was an extremely divisive issue in the US. |
| Dingy | Gloomy, dark, dirty, and in bad condition |
| Forte | individual's strong point, talent, He found that running long distances was not his forte. As a writer, her forte is comedy. |
| Goad | Provoke, goad somebody into (doing) something, Kathy goaded him into telling her what he had done. The thought of exams next week is a great goad to the students to work hard. |
| Prod | Poke, Spur, Stimulate, prod somebody into (doing) something, It had prodded Ben into doing something about it. The strike may prod the government into action. |
| Stroke | Blow, Ending negotiations was seen as a bold stroke by many commentators. She walked forward and embraced him and stroked his tousled white hair. |
| a stroke of luck/genius | when something happens or succeeds suddenly by luck, intelligence, etc, By a stroke of luck, someone else was walking along the path and heard my shouts for help. |
| Address | Speech, his address to the European Parliament, presidential/inaugural etc address, The new President delivered his inaugural address in Creole. |
| Incumbent on | necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility, it is incumbent on me to attend بر ما واجب است تا |
| usher in | to cause something new to start, or to be at the start of something new, The discovery of oil ushered in an era of employment and prosperity a unique opportunity to usher in a new era of stability in Europe. |
| personal touch | an original or special quality, or something that is done for every single person in a group in order to make them feel special, The chairman of the bank believes in the personal touch and always sends a signed letter to each customer. |
| Dank | Unpleasantly wet and cold, a dank prison cell |
| high and mighty | arrogant, boastful |
| somberness | Gloominess, darkness; dullness; sadness, glumness |
| solemnity | gravity, seriousness |
| Refurbish | RENOVATE, recondition, The Grand Hotel has been completely refurbished. |
| Uneasy | 1. Worried and Uncomfortable, Ninety percent of those questioned felt uneasy about nuclear power. She eventually fell into an uneasy sleep.2. uneasy peace/truce/alliance/compromise, The treaty restored an uneasy peace to the country. |
| Somnolent | 1.Sleepy, He lay quiet, somnolent after the day’s exertions. 2.Soporific, a somnolent summer’s afternoon |
| Ineffable | indescribable, ineffable joy/ Beauty, the ineffable sadness of many of the portraits. |
| Mayhem | chaos, There was complete mayhem after the explosion. cause/create/wreak mayhem,0020For some children, the first fall of snow is an opportunity to create mayhem. Their arrival caused mayhem as crowds of refugees rushed towards them. |
| Economy | management of resources, The council must make economies to meet government spending targets. Not insuring your belongings is a false economy (=it is cheaper but could have bad results). |
| Paltry | 1.Worthless, Trivial, paltry issues She made some paltry excuse and left. 2.Small, paltry sum of money, He received only a paltry £25 a day. |
| Rewarding | satisfying, worthwhile, profitable, Teaching can be a very rewarding career. Textbook writing can be an intellectually and financially rewarding activity. |
| Modest | 1.Humble, 2.Not very big, a modest increase in costs, She had saved a modest amount of money. The new service proved a modest success. 3.Shy, She was a modest girl, always keeping covered, even in summer. |
| Derange | confuse, disorder, upset; make insane |
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