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HAZMAT Tech 2 -Terms
This covers all the terms that are needed throughout Tech 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Connecting two or more conductive object together by means of a conductor is | Bonding |
| Connecting one or more conductive objects to the ground is | Grounding |
| What is the purpose of Absorption? | To absorb liquid contaminants without changing their properties (e.g. soil, sand, and absorbent pillows/pads made from polypropylene & natural fibers) |
| What is the purpose of Adsorption? | Contaminant sticks to the sorbent material without adding to the volume of the sorbent. The resulting chemical reaction is heat. (e.g. Activated charcoal, silica) |
| What is the purpose of Chemical degradation? | To let the contaminate degrade itself over time by allowing it to age. |
| What is the purpose of Dilution? | To lower the concentration of a miscible liquid contaminant by adding a non-hazardous liquid solution. Method of last resort. Dilution significantly increases the quantity of the material that must be contained. |
| What is the purpose of Disposal? | To remove contaminated item(s) and transport them to a containment/disposal facility. |
| What is the purpose of Evaporation? | Allow the contaminant to evaporate. |
| What is the purpose of Neutralization? | To add a chemical to a contaminant, in order to change its chemical structure, with the goal of eliminating or rendering it harmless. |
| What is the purpose of Solidification? | To add a chemical to the contaminant that will convert its physical state from liquid to solid. |
| What is the purpose of Vacuuming? | To gather the contaminant by sucking it from the surface and placing it in a container. |
| What is the purpose of Washing? | To remove contamination by decontaminating with water or soapy water. |
| Absorption Advantages: | readily available |
| Absorption Limitations: | absorbed contaminant remains hazardous |
| Adsorption Advantages: | can leave less residual contamination than an absorbent |
| Adsorption Limitations: | Creates heat that could cause spontaneous combustion |
| Chemical degradation Advantages: | inexpensive, reduces or eliminates resource requirements |
| Chemical degradation Limitations: | Requires sufficient time for the material to degrade, weather and location of the spill must be favorable Evaporation of a flammable liquid spill |
| Dilution Limitations: | run-off must be collected |
| Dilution Advantages: | Water typically available in large quantities, effective on water-soluble materials |
| Disinfection- Advantages: | increasingly important due to CBRN threat |
| Disinfection- Limitations: | Does not cause complete destruction of the microorganism |
| Evaporation- Advantages: | no resources required, do not have to handle contaminant |
| Evaporation- Limitations: | Not as effective on porous surfaces and could take a long time to completely remove the chemical |
| Isolation and disposal Advantages: | eliminates the immediate threat to people, property and the environment |
| Isolation and disposal Limitations: | requires encapsulating the contaminated items and has increased potential for cross contamination |
| Neutralization Advantages: | eliminates the contaminant’s toxicity and thereby eliminates the secondary threat posed |
| Neutralization Limitations: | neutralizing chemical may not be readily available |
| Solidification Advantages: | Makes confinement, containment quicker and disposal easier |
| Solidification Limitations: | could pose additional problems when liquid contaminant increases in volume as it solidifies |
| Sterilization- not on personnel Advantages: | preferred method to decontaminate medical equipment |
| Sterilization- not on personnel Limitations: | limited field application, cannot be used to decontaminate personnel |
| Vacuuming Advantages: | effective for removing granular size particles from surface, won't increase volume of hazmat |
| Vacuuming Limitations: | static electricity and fine dust created can cause explosion, specialized container required |
| Washing Advantages: | Best way to decontaminate personnel and equipment |
| Washing Limitations: | hazards of contaminant are not neutralized and runoff must be controlled |
| Process by which materials hold liquids. | Absorption. |
| Chemical method of decontamination involving the interaction of a hazardous liquid and a solid sorbent surface which stays rigid, with no volume increase. | Adsorption. |
| Examples of Adsorption. | Activated Charcoal. Silica. Aluminum Gel. Fuller’s Earth. |
| Applying a cover of gas over the surface of a hazardous material. | Blanketing. |
| Physical Method of confinement, typically a temporary measure. | Covering. |
| Physical method of confinement by which barriers are constructed to prevent or reduce the quantity of liquid flowing into the environment. | Damming. |
| This type of dam is used to trap floating lighter-than water materials behind the dam. | Underflow dam. |
| Spill control tactic used to trap sinking heavier-than-water materials behind the dam. | Overflow dam. |
| Physical method of confinement by which barriers are constructed on ground used to control the movement of liquids, sludges, solids, or other materials. | Diking. |
| Reducing the concentration of a contaminant. | Dilution. |
| Chemical method of confinement by which certain chemical or biological agents are used to disperse or break up the material involved in liquid spills or water. | Dispersion. |
| Physical method of confinement by which barriers are contructed on ground or placed in a waterway to intentionally control the movement of a hazardous material. | Diversion. |
| Activities involved in controlling and extinguishing fires. | Fire suppression. |
| Altering a contaminant chemically so that the resulting chemical is harmless. | Neutralization |
| Physical method for containment in which a leaking or damaged container, drum, or vessel is placed inside a larger, specially constructed container. | Overpacking. |
| Placing material over a breach and holding it in place to stop flow. | Patching. |
| Inserting, driving, or screwing a chemically compatible object into the breach of a container to reduce or temporarily stop the flow. | Plugging. |
| Physical or chemical method of containment by which the internal pressure of a closed container is reduced. | Pressure isolation and reduction. |
| Physical method of confinement by which a liquid is temporarily contained in an area where it can be absorbed, neutralized, or picked up for proper disposal. | Retention. |
| Causing a liquid to solidify. | Solidification. |
| Physically moving a liquid, gas or some forms of solids either manually, by pump, or by pressure transfer. | Transfer. |
| Physical method of control by which water spray or fans are used to reduce the concentration of a gas below the LEL. | Vapor Dispersion. |
| Physical method of control to reduce or eliminate the vapors emanating from a spilled or released material. | Vapor Suppression. |
| This term is an increased likelihood that a hazardous material will permeate and penetrate the garments, thus endangering the health of the responder. | Degradation |
| The weakening of material, by exposure to chemicals. | Chemical (degradation) |
| The weakening or destruction of a material, caused by rubbing against rough surfaces, or leaning/brushing against sharp objects. | Physcial (degradation) |
| Indications of material degradation | 1. Stiffness or excess pliability 2. Tears, cuts or abrasions. 3. Damage to zippers or closures. 4.Soft, sticky areas. |
| The movement of a chemical through the suit’s closures, cracks, or tears | Penetration |
| The process by which a hazardous material moves through a given material on the molecular level, exposing the responder to contamination | Permeation |
| The six response objectives are: | Change the applied stress. Change the breach size. Change quantity released. Change size of the danger zone. Change exposures contacted. Change severity of harm. |
| ways to “Change Applied Stress” are: | Move stressor. Move stressed system. Shield stressed system. |
| ways to “Change Breach Size” are: | Chill contents. Limit stress levels. Activate venting devices. Mechanical repair. |
| Four ways to “Change Quantity Released” are: | Change container position. Minimize pressure differential. Cap off breach. Remove contents. |
| ways to “Change Size of the Danger Zone” are: | Barriers. Adsorbents. Absorbents. Diluents. Reactants. Overpack. |
| ways to “Change Exposures Contacted” are: | Provide sheltering. Begin Evacuation. PPE. |
| ways to “Change Severity of Harm” are: | Rinse off contamination. Increase distance from source. Provide shielding. Provide prompt medical attention. |
| Move stressor. Move stressed system. Shield stressed system. Are all : | ways to “Change Applied Stress” |
| Chill contents. Limit stress levels. Activate venting devices. Mechanical repair. Are all : | ways to “Change Breach Size” |
| Change container position. Minimize pressure differential. Cap off breach. Remove contents. Are all : | ways to “Change Quantity Released” |
| Barriers. Adsorbents. Absorbents. Diluents. Reactants. Overpack. Are all : | ways to “Change Size of the Danger Zone” |
| Provide sheltering. Begin Evacuation. PPE. Are all : | ways to “Change Exposures Contacted” |
| Rinse off contamination. Increase distance from source. Provide shielding. Provide prompt medical attention. Are all : | ways to “Change Severity of Harm” |
Created by:
woodyb42
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