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Micro8
energy conversions in microbes pt3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is known as the partial breakdown of a 6 carbon glucose molecule into 2, 3 carbon molecules of piruvate 2NADH + 2H+, and 2 net ATP as a result of dubstrate-level phosphorylation? | glycolysis |
| where does glycolysis occur? | in the cytoplasm of the cell |
| what is the overall reaction of glycolysis? | 6c + 2NAD + 2ADP + 2 phosphates----> 2 pyruvic (3c) + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2 net ATP |
| what process produces a number of key percursor metabolites? does not require 02 can occur under aerobic and anaerobic conditions? | glycolysis |
| during aerobic respiration the 2 reduced NADH molecules transfer protons and electrons to the electron transport chain to generate additional ATPs by way of what process? | oxidative phosphorylation |
| through this intermediate step, the 2 molecules of piruvate then enter the citric acid cycle to be further broken down and generate more ATPs by oxidative phosphorylation? | transition reaction |
| what step connects the glycolysis to the citric acid (Krebs) cycle? | transition reaction |
| through what process does the transition reaction convert the 2 molecules of the 3 carbon pyruvate from glycolysis into 2 molecules of the 2 carbon acetyl coenzyme A and 2 molecules of co2? | oxidative decarboxylation |
| what is the overall reaction for the transition reaction? | 2 pyruvate + 2 NAD + 2 coenzyme A ---> 2 acetyl Coa + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2Co2 |
| in what kind of cells is the transition step occur in the cytoplasm? | prokaryotic |
| in what kind of cell must the pyruvate first enter the mitochondria because the transition reaction and the citric acid cycle take place in the matrix of the mitochondria? | eukaryotic cells |
| Acetyl-CoA is also a precursor metabolite for what? | fatty acid synthesis |
| what 2 molecules from the transition reaction enter the citric acid cycle, results in the formation of 6 molecules of NADH, 2 molecules of FADH2, 2 molecules of ATP and 4 molecules of CO2? | acetyl-CoA |
| in the ciric acid cycle what two molecules carry electrons to the electron transport system for further production of ATPd by oxidative phosphorylation? | NADH FADH2 |
| what cycle completes the oxidation of glucose by taking the pyruvates from glycolysis and other pathways by way of the transition reaction and completely breaking them down into co2 molecules h2o molecules and generating more ATP by oxidative phosphorilat | the citric acid cycle, krebs cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle |
| in what kind of cells do the citric acid cycle occur in the cytoplasm? | prokaryotic cells |
| in what kind of cells does the citric acid cycle occur in the matrix of the mitochondria? | eukaryotic cells |
| what is the overall chemical reaction of the citric acid cycle? | 6 NAD + 2 FAD + 2 ADP + 2 Pi----> 4 co2 + 6 NADH + 6 H+ + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP |
| what cycle provides a series of intermediate compounds that donate protons and electrons to the electron transport chain by way of the reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2? | the citric acid cycle |
| what generates additional ATPs by oxidative phosphorylation in the citric acid cycle? | the electron transport chain |
| the citric acid cycle also produces 2 APTs by substrate phosphorylation in addition it also plays an important role in the flow of carbon through the cell by supplying what for various biosynthetic pathways? | precursor metabolites |
| during various steps in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, the oxidation of certain intermediate precursor molecules causes reduction of carrier mols. then transfer protons and electrons to the electron transport chain producing ATPs process called? | oxidative phosphorylation |
| what are the 4 steps of cellular metabolism? | glycolysis, transition reaction, citric acid or krebs cycle, electron transport chain |
| what is the maximum number of ATPs that can be generated by each pair of electrons transfered to the electron transport chain by NADH? | 3 ATPs |
| what is the maximum number of ATPs that can be generated by each electron pair transferred by FADH2? | 2 ATPs |
| what process in aerobic respiration of prokaryotic cells yields 2 net ATP from substrate level phosphorylation, and 2 NADH yeilds 6 ATPs by oxidative phosphorylation? | glycolysis |
| what process in aerobic respiration of prokaryotic cells involves 2 NADH yielding 6 ATPS by oxidative phosphorilation? | transition reaction? |
| what process in aerobic respiration of prokaryotic cells involves 2 ATP from substrate level phosphorilation 6 NADH yields 18 atps by oxidative phosphorilation 2 FADH2 yields 4 ATP by oxidative phosphorilation? | citric acid cycle |
| what is the total theoretical maximum number of ATP generated per glucose in prokaryotes? | 38 ATP 4 from substrate level phosphorylation, 34 from oxidative phosphorilation |
| what is the theoretical maximum number of ATP generated per glucose in eukaryotic cells? | 36-38 depending on the 2 NADH |
| what kind of cells are able to carry out anaerobic respiration, respiration in which an inorganic molecule other than o2 is the final electron acceptor? | some prokaryotes |
| what inorganic molecule other than o2 is the final electron acceptor for some prokaryotic cells? | sulfer or nitrate |
| what process like aerobic respiration, involves glycolysis, a transition reaction, the citric acid cycle, and an electron transport chain? | anearobic respiration |
| what is the theoretical maximum yield with anerobic respiration? | 36 ATPs or less |
| what process is the anerobic breakdown of carbohydrates in which an organic molecule is the final electron acceptor? does not involve electron transport system | fermentation |
| what is the partial breakdown of glucose giving a little energy 2 ATPs per glucose by way of substrate level phosphorylation, involves only glycolysis, found in anaerobic and faciltative anerobic bacteria? | fermentation |
| what process during fermentation is a partial breakdown of a six carbon glucose molecule into two 3 carbon molecules of piruvate, 2NADH + 2H+, and 2 net ATPs as result of substrate level phosphorilation? | glycolysis |
| where does glycolysis occur in the cell? | the cytoplasm |
| what is the chemical reaction for glycolysis? | glucose + 2NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 P---> 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 net ATP |
| what produces a number of key precursor metabolites? | glycolysis |
| since there is no electron transport system in fermentation, the protons and electrons donated by certain intermediate precursor molecules during glycolysis generate how much ATP? | none |
| in fermentation what do the protons and electrons donated by precursor molecules combine with, which serves as the final proton and electron acceptor? | NAD+ (reduced to NADH + H+) |
| what are converted into the one of many different fermentation end products in several non- energy- producing steps? | 2 piruvates |
| many other metabolic pathways are going on within cells in addition to theose involved in energy production, what pathways provide energy that fuels anabolic pathways? | catabolic pathways |
| what are intermediate moleculse in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can either be oxidised to generate ATP or reduced to synthesize macromolecular subunits like amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides? | precursor metabolites |
Created by:
malcolmmicro