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Fluid & Electrolytes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal sodium value | 135-145 mEq/dl |
| Normal potassium value | 3.5-4.5 |
| Normal Phosphorus value | 2.8-4.5 |
| Normal calcium value | 8.5-10.2 mg/dl |
| Normal magnesium value | 1.5-2.5 mEq/dl |
| Client has alot of muscle weakness and cramping. Also enhances digitalis (digoxin toxicity). | Hypokalemia <3.5 |
| Monitor patients on diuretics closely. Restrict oral and parenteral K intake as ordered. Kayexelate enema to inc. K elimination | Hyperkalemia >4.5 |
| Monitor breathing closely, Patient may become confused. Possible seizures, Chvostek's sign (facial twitching), Numbness in extremeties and around mouth. | Hypocalcemia <8.5 |
| Protect confused patient, monitor for digoxin tocitity, encourage high fiber intake, increase movement and exercise | Hypercalcemia >10.2 |
| Monitor LOC, Very high risk for sezures, Administer isotonic 0.9% IV as ordered | Hyponatremia <135 |
| Monitor LOC & behavior changes, Sezure precautions, restrict salt intake, administer hypotonic solution 0.3% NaCl as ordered | Hypernatremia >145 |
| Monitor for seizure, ECG changes (cardiac muscle), digitalis toxicity, avoid excess laxatives and diuretics | Hypomagnesemia <1.5 |
| LOC, Assess patellar reflex if absent notify MD, encourage fluid intake. | Hypermagnesemia >2.5 |
| Monitor LOC, seizure precautions,bleeding and respiratory failure. | Hypophosphatemia <2.8 |
| Cant excrete phosphorus, monitor for tetany and other signs of hypocalcemia, Monitor HR, ECG, and UO. | Hyperphosphatemia >4.5 |
| Normal Cl- values | 100-106 |
| Normal Mg values | 1.2-2.0 |
| Normal PO4-3 | 2.5-4.5 |
| Normal CO2 | 23 - 30 |
| Normal HCO3-1 | 22-26 |
| Normal pCO2 | 35-45 |
| Normal pH | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| Normal Osmolarity | 285-295mOsm / kg water |
| Normal Albumin | 3.5 - 5.5 |
| Normal Hct | F= 40-48/ M-42-50 |
| Normal Hgb | F= 12-16/ M= 42-50 |
| PT | 11-12.5s or 1.5-2X control |
| PTT | 60-70s or 1.5-2.5X control |
Created by:
rdecker1
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