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RN Pharm Exam 2
Key Concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatacids aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) | -Neutralizes gastric acid -Can be used to treat hyperphosphatemia related to chronic renal failure (CRF) |
| Histamine-2 Blockers ranitidine (Zantac) | Decreases gastric acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors on parietal cells |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) lansprazole (Prevacid) | Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting potassium/ Hydrogen ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells |
| Osmotic Laxative lactulose (Cephulac) | -DOC to treat ammonia toxicity r/t hepatic encephalopathy -Elevated ammonia levels adversely affects CNS |
| Antihistamine Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) | Blocks histamine receptors (H1) reducing allergic response |
| Antidiarrheals Diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil) | -Opiate-related/CSS V -Slows GI motility by direct action on nerve fibers |
| Bronchodilators Beta-2-adrenergic agonists/albuterol (Proventil) | -Relaxes Bronchial smooth muscle -Central Nervous System simulation/sympathomimetic -DOC acute asthma attack |
| Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Montelukast (Singulair) | Binds with Leukotriene receptors to inhibit smooth muscle contraction thus preventing bronchoconstriction |
| Inhaled Glucocorticoids (Steroids) Beclomethasome (Vanceril) | -Antiinflammatory action -Use of of inhaled glucocorticoids reduces adrenal suppression |
| Mucolytics Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) | Liquefy and loosen thick mucous secretions |
| Antihypertensives Beta-1-adrenergic blockers (Beta Blockers) metoprolol (Lopressor) propranolol (Inderal) | -Blocks beta-1 receptors lowering heart rate thus lowering blood pressure -Propranolol cantraindicated in clients with respiratory disorders |
| Antihypertensives Alpha Adrenergic Blockers prazosin (Minipress) | -Dilates peripheral blood vessels -Can be used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) |
| Antihypertensives ACE inhibitors captopril (Capoten) | Inhibits formation of angiotension II and blocks release of aldosterone -Sodium loss, Potassium Retention |
| Antihypertensives Calcium Channel Blockers | -Vasodilation of peripheral and coronary arteries. -Used to treat hypertension and angina pectoris related to myocardial ischemia |
| Cardic Glycosides digoxin (Lanoxin) | -Positive inotropic action -Negative chronotropic -Used to treat heart failure, A-flutter or A-fib |
| Antianginals Nitroglycerin(NTG) | -Universal vasodilator=dilates arteries and veins over all body -Reduces preload and afterload DOC for angina pectoris related to myocardial ischemia |
| Diuretics Thiazides Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) | -Promotes Sodium, Potassium, and water excretion -Arteriolar vasodilation |
| Diuretics High Loop Furosemide (Lasix) | Promotes Sodium, Potassium water excretion |
| Diuretics Potassium-Sparing Triamterene (Dyrenium) | Blocks action of Aldosterone -Causes Potassium Retention |
| Thrombolytics Altepase (Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tpa) | -Dissolves existing blood clots! -Thromboembolism |
| Antilipidemics HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors/ "Statins" | -Inhibit hepatic enzyme HMG-CoA Reductase thus lowering hepatic cholesterol production -LDL="Bad Cholesterol" -HDL="Good Cholesterol" |
| Antilipidemics Cholesterol absorption inhibitor/ezetimibe (Zetia) | inhibits cholesterol absorption in small intestines |
| Antilipidemics Nicotinic acid (Niacin/ vitamin B2 | Lowers LDLs |
| Anticoagulants Heparin and Warfarin (Coumadin) | Anticoagulants inhibit blood clot formation -Heparin prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin -Heparin administered subQ or IV |
| Anticoagulants Heparin and Warfarin (Coumadin) | -Warfarin (Coumadin) depresses formation of Vitamin K dependant clotting factors -Warfarin (Coumadin) PO -Common uses include prevention of venous thrombosis (DVT) |
| Antiemetics Odanestron (Zofran) | -Blocks serotonin (5-HT3) receptors in CTZ -Indicated for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting |
Created by:
alnicho44
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