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Chp 12 History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the government of Italy like? | There were no monarchies 250 small states ruled by cities |
| Describe the republican form of government found in many Italian city-states. | Few people in Italy voted and cities were run by few rich families City states are ruled by tyrants and absolute rulers |
| Who voted in Florence? | Only a few wealthy families (aristocrats, merchants, and bankers) |
| How did wealthy families use their wealth? | They beautified the cities by hiring architects and artists to design palaces. |
| Who was the ruling family of Florence and what was the basis of their wealth? | The Medici family Aristocrats and Merchants Led Banks |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | A great political thinker who wrote the book the Prince about how a leader should govern his people. |
| Who were Italian scholars' guides at the beginning of the Rennaissance and how did this affect the direction of the Rennaissance? | Ancient Greeks and Romans works were studied for expansion of knowledge. |
| What three ideas of the Greeks and Romans did humanists focus on? | Individual Worth Commitment to public service Development of skills and talents |
| Da Vinci | A great scientific thinker and artist who had a strong desire to learn and many talents. He painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. |
| What inventions did da Vinci draw in his private notebooks? | Parachute Horseless carriage Flying machine |
| Petrarch and Boccacio | Humanists who discovered letters from Roman Politicians and books by Greek Scholars. |
| Miguel De Cervantes | A spanish poet, playwright, novelist, diplomat, and soldier who wrote the story of Don Quixote. |
| Brunelleschi | An Italian Rennaissance artist who built Florence Cathedral's Dome and was the first artist to use linear perspective and had a good math grasp. |
| Michelangelo | An Italian artist who sculpted the Moses and the Pieta and designed the Sistine Chapel and could sculpt and draw the human figure realistically |
| What does perspective do for a painting? | It gives it a sense of depth. |
| Why did the Renaissance begin amongst the wealthy? | They had enough money to allow them to study ideas of Ancient Greeks and Romans. They were also highly literate and could easily learn about Renaissance ideas. |
| Humanism, Individualism | An attitude that is concerned primarily with human beings' values and capacities and achievements. The idea that every person should be free to develop his/her goals. |
| Mercenary, Patrician | A pro. soldier hired by a foreign country. A member of the highest class of society in Italian city states during the Renaissance. |
| Patron, Realism | A person who financially supports scholars or artists. An artistic style of tempting to visually represent people and objects as they exist. |
| Renaissance, Republic | The revival of attention to Greek and Roman art, literature, and learning from Italy and Europe in the 14th century. A political order whose head of state is not a monarch and supreme power lies in elected citizens. |
| Secular, Ghetto | Worldly rather than religious. A gated neighborhood that Jews were forced to live in. |
| What did the residents of Italian city-states do to beautify their cities? | They had palaces, open plazas, cathedrals, public buildings, new streets, and shorter houses. |
| Lower class roles | Laborers, porters, boatmen, and peddlers. |
| Commercial class roles | shopkeepers, blackmiths, tanners, carpenters, and butchers. |
| Patrician class roles | merchants, business people, controlled wealth and gov't gave financial support to local scholars and artists |
| Jew limitations? | barred from most occupations, barred from owning land, forced to live in a gated neighborhood, controlled with forced segregation |
| What was expected of young patrician men? | They learned about the family business and completed school and joined the family business. |
| What was expected of young patrician women? | Dowry, housecare, childcare |
| Brueghel | A succesful Flemish artist who painted realistic drawings of peasants. |
| Gutenburg | He was a German who invented and perfected a movable type printing press. |
| How was the Northern European Renaissance different from the Italian Renaissance? | Nobles were patrons of the arts not patricians.everyone reads the bible not just clergy. |
| Erasmus | A dutch priest who wanted to reform the church and believed that everyone should be able to read the bible not just clergy. |
| van Eyck | A dutch artist who realistically painted Jesus. |
| Sir Thomas More | An English statesman who wrote the book Utopia about rules of an equal society. |
| Shakespeare | A poet, actor, and master playwright. |
| Paracelsus | A Swiss physician and chemist who discovered a new way to treat illnesses with small amounts of poison. |
| Pare | A french surgeon who developed bandages to replace cauterizing or burning the edges of a wound. |
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Awesomeness3242
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