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AQA C3 CHEM (SVS)
AQA svs docshort severnvale - C3 Chemistry keywords
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Activation energy | Minimum energy required for a reaction to happen |
Alcohol | Contains the -OH functional group |
Alkali metal | Group I of the Periodic Table |
Ammonia | Made in the Haber Process |
Atomic number | Number of protons or electrons |
Atomic structure | Arrangement of electrons |
Atomic Mass | Number of protons and neutrons |
Biofuels | Fuels made from biomass |
Bond energy | Energy required to break a bond |
Burette | Used to precisely dispense a volume for titrations |
Calorimeter | Used to measure energy changes in reactions |
Carboxylic acid | Contains the functional group -COOH |
Catalyst | Lowers activation energy and increase rate of reaction |
Chlorine | Added to water to disinfect |
Closed system | Where no products, reactants |
Concentration | The amount of a chemical in solution |
Displacement | Where a more reactive Halogen knocks a less reactive one out of a compound |
Endothermic | Energy is absorbed from the surroundings – temperature decreases |
End-point | The point at which exactly the right quantities of acid and alkali have reacted |
Equilibrium | Balance between reactants forming the products and products re-forming the reactants |
Esters | Contains the functional group –COO- |
Ethanol | An alcohol that has 2 Carbon atoms and is found in alcoholic drinks |
Exothermic | Energy is released to the surroundings – temperature increases |
Flame test | Determines the presence or absence of positive ions |
Fluoride | Added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay |
Functional group | Gives a ‘family’ of organic compounds their characteristic reactions |
Group | Vertical column in Periodic Table |
Haber process | Chemical process that forms Ammonia when Nitrogen and Hydrogen react |
Halide | An Halogen that has gained an electron to form an ionic compound |
Halogen | Group 7 of the period table – poisonous, non-metals |
Hard water | Can be temporary or permanent. Due to dissolved ions (Ca2+ or Mg2+) |
Homologous series | Family of compounds that have the same functional group |
Indicator | Used to determine the end-point of Acid/Base reactions |
Ion-exchange | Where Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions are replaced with Na+ from a resin |
Non-renewable | Takes a long time (millions of years) to replace |
Optimum | The maximum amount you can achieve |
Oxidised | Oxygen is added either by chemical means or by action of microbes |
Permanent hardness | Hardness caused by Mg and Ca sulfate. Cannot be softened |
Pipette | Used to dispense an exact volume of solution |
Precipitate | When an insoluble solid forms in solution |
Qualitative | Determines the presence or absence of an ion in a solution |
Quantitative | Determines the exact amount (concentration) of an ion in a solution |
Rate | How fast a chemical reaction proceeds |
Renewable | When a resource can be replaced quickly (e.g. biomass) |
Reversible reaction | Reactants form products and products form reactants |
Scale | Insoluble precipitate of calcium or magnesium carbonate |
Scum | The reaction of soap with calcium or magnesium ions |
Soft water | Water that does not contain calcium or magnesium ions |
Softening | Removing calcium or magnesium ions from water |
Strong acid | An acid where the H+ is completed ionised (dissociated) |
Temporary hardness | The portion of total hardness that can be removed by boiling |
Titration | Technique to work out exact volumes of acid and alkali that react exactly |
Transition metal | Contains a sub-shell of electrons |
Water filter | Removes impurities from water |
Weak acid | An acid where there is not complete dissociation |
Yield | The amount of product made in a reaction |
Group | Vertical column in the Periodic Table |
Period | Horizontal row in the Periodic Table |