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Physics- definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| numbers that have magnitude and direction | vectors |
| numbers that have magnitude only | scalars |
| log(y)=x easier way to write.. | 10^x=y |
| a-b=a+(-b) ; formula for doing what? | subtracting vectors |
| ratio of the displacement vector over the change in time | velocity |
| ratio of the total distance traveled over the change in time | average speed |
| motion that follows a path along two dimensions | projectile motion |
| measure of a bodys inertia | mass |
| measure of a gravitational force on an objects mass | weight |
| the rate of change of velocity that an object experiences as a result of some applied force | acceleration |
| measure of gravitational force on an objects mass | weight |
| rate of change of velocity that na object experiences as a result of some applied force | acceleration |
| attractive force felt by all forms of matter | gravity |
| occurs when forces cause an object to move without any rotation about a fixed point in the object | translational motion |
| occurs when forces are applied against an object in such a way as to cause the object to rotate around a fixed pivot point | rotational motion |
| occurs when forces cause an object to move in a circular pathway | circular motion |
| generates centripetal acceleration | centripetal force |
| a kind of force that works to oppose the movement of objects | friction |
| a type of friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface upon which it rests | static |
| a type of friction that exists between a sliding object and the surface over which the object slides | kinetic |
| occurs when the vector sum of the forces or torques acting on an object is zero | mechanical equilibrium |
| exists when the vector sum of all of the forces acting on an object is zero | translational equilibrium |
| exists when the vectr | |
| an attractive force that is felt by all forms of matter | gravity |
| occurs when forces cause an object to move without any rotation about a fixed point in the object | translational motion |
| occurs when forces are applied against an object in such a way as to cause the object to rotate around a fixed pivot point | rotational motion |
| occurs when forces cause an object to move in a circular pathway | circular motion |
| circular motion in which the speed of the moving object changes over the course of the path | nonuniform circular motion |
| a kind of force that works to oppose the movement of objects | friction |
| friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface upon which it rests | static friction |
| friction that exists between a sliding object and the surface over which the object slides | kinetic friction |
| occurs when the vector sum of the forces of torques acting on an object is zero | mechanical equilibrium |
| exists when the vector sum of all of the forces acting on an object is zero | translational equilibrium |
| exists only when the vector sum of all the torques acting on an object is zero | rotational equilibrium |
| change in momentum | impulse |
| a property or characteristic of a system to do something or make something happen | energy |
| an object has this when it has the potential to do something | potential energy |
| energy found in covalent and ionic bonds holding atoms together, for example | chemical potential energy |
| energy found in a compressed spring, for example | mechanical potential energy |
| a process by which energy is transferred from one system to another | work |
| the rate at which energy is transferred from one system to another | power |
| the product of an objects mass and velocity | momentum |
| the tendency of objects to resist changes in their motion and momentum | inertia |
| a collision that results in the production of light, heat, sound, or object deformation | inelastic collision |
| collision in which the objects that collide stick together rather than bouncing off each other | completely inelastic collision |
| any device that allows for work to be accomplished through a reduced applied force provides this | mechanical advantage |
| a measure of the amount of work you put into a system that comes out as useful work | efficiency |
| the weight of an object being lifted is called what | the load |
| the point within any two or three dimensional object at which the entire object's mass could be represented as a single particle | center of mass |
| the point at which the entire force due to gravity can be thought of as acting | center of gravity |
| states that when net work is done on or by a system, the system's kinetic energy will change by the same amount | work-energy theorem |
| objects are in thermal equilibrium when they are at the same temperature | zeroth law |
| theoretical temperature at which there is no thermal energy | absolute zero |
| phenomenon that a change in the temperature of most solids results in a change in their length | thermal expansion |
| thermal expansion for liquids | volume expansion |
| the process by which a quantity of energy is transferred between two objects as a result of a difference in temperature | heat |
| the direct transfer of energy from molecule to molecule through molecular collisions | conduction |
| the transfer of heat by the physical motion of the heated material | convection |
| the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves | radiation |
| the amount of heat energy required to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 K | specific heat |
| phase change from liquid to solid | freezing |
| phase change from solid to liquid | melting or fusion |
| temperature corresponding to the heat of transformation between liquid and solid | heat of fusion |
| phase change from liquid to gas | vaporization |
| phase change from gas to liquid | condensation |
| temperature corresponding to the heat of transformation between gas and liquid | heat of vaporization |
| phase change from solid to gas | sublimation |
| phase change from gas to solid | deposition |
| process under which pressure is held constant | isobaric |
| process where volume is held constant | isovolumetric or isochoric |
| process where there is no heat exchange | adiabatic |
| process where the internal energy is constant | closed cycle or isothermal |
| the measure of the spontaneous dispersal of energy at a specific temperature | entropy |
| a process that will happen in nature when a system is left to its own accord | natural |
| a process that won't happen in nature | unnatural |
| has the ability to flow and conform the the shape of its container | fluid |
| the ratio of the density of a substance to that of pure water at 1 atm, 4 degrees Celsius | specific gravity |
| the total pressure that is exerted on an object that is submerged in a fluid | absolute pressure |
| the difference between absolute and atmospheric pressure | gauge pressure |
| the study of fluids at rest and the forces and pressures associated with standing fluids | hydrostatics |
| principle that for incompressible fluids, a change of pressure applied to an enclosed fluid will be transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and to the walls of the containing vessel | pascal's principle |
| take advantage of incompressiblity of liquids to generate mechanical advantage | hydraulic systems |
| causes the liquid surface to form a thin but strong layer | surface tension |
| the attractive force that a molecule of liquid feels toward other molecules of the liquid | cohesion |
| the attractive force that a molecule of the liquid feels toward the molecules of some other substance | adhesion |
| the study of fluids in motion | hydrodynamics |
| the resistance of a fluid to flow | viscosity |
| fluids with no viscosity | ideal fluids |
| flow that is smooth and orderly | laminar flow |
| flow that is rough and disorderly | turbulent flow |
| thin layer of fluid adjacent to the wall | boundary layer |
| representations of the molecular movement | streamlines |
| tells us that fluids will flow more quickly through narrow passages and more slowly through wider ones | continuity equation |
| pressure associated with the movement of fluid | dynamic pressure |
| a phase that is rigid enough to retain its shape and can withstand tangential forces | solid |
| a measure of the response of a solid to an application of pressure | elasticity |
| the change in length, volume, or lateral displacement that an object may experience due to pressure | shear |
| applied pressure | stress |
| change in length per unit length | strain for youngs modulus |
| point of shape change beyond which a material will not return to its original dimensions | yield strength |
| the point of shape change beyond which the object will rupture | ultimate strength |
| ratio of the lateral movement per unit height | strain for shear modulus |
| indicates the degree to which a material will experience a change in its volume in relation to an applied pressure | bulk modulus |
| principle that states that the volume of fluid displaces by an object placed in it will generate a buoyant force against the object that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced | archimedes' principle |
| the study of stationary charges and the forces that are created by and act upon these charges | electrostatics |
| represent how a positive test charge would m ove in the presence of a source charge | field lines or lines of force |
| a form of potential energy that is related to the relative position of one charge with respect to another charge or to a collection of charges | electric potential energy |
| the work necessary to move a test charge from infinity to a point in space in an electric field surrounding a source charge | electric potential energy |
| the ratio of the magnitude of a charge's electric potential energy to the magnitude of the charge itself | electric potential |
| a line on which the potential at every point is the same | equipotential line |
| results from two equal and opposite charges being separated a small distance from each other | electric dipole |
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kerzy27
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