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Stack #93997
A & P 2 Digestion 1 of 3 stacks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| occlusal surface (o-KLOO-sal) | The opposing surfaces of the teeth that come into contact when processing food |
| hilum/hilus (HI-lum) | A localized region where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and/or other anatomical structures are attached to an organ |
| bicarbonate ions | HCO3-;anion components of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system |
| enterohepatic circulation | The excretion of bile salts by intestinal cells for return to the liver by the hepatic portal vein |
| aggregated lymphoid nodules | lymphoid nodules beneath the epithelium of the small intestine; also called Peyer's patches. |
| deamination | The removal of an amino group from an amino acid |
| parotid salivary glands | Large salivary glands that secrete a saliva containing high concentrations of salivary (alpha) amylase |
| gingivae | The gums |
| fauces (FAW-sez) | The passage from the mouth to the pharynx, bounded by the palatal arches, the soft palate and the uvula. |
| gluconeogenesis | The synthesis of glucose from protein or lipid precursors. |
| mastication | chewing |
| adventitia (ad-ven-TISH-a) | The superficial layer of connective tissue surrounding an internal organ; fibers are continuous with those of surrounding tissues, providing support and stabilization. |
| periodontal ligament | Collagen fibers that bind the cementum of a tooth to the periosteum of the surrounding alveolus. |
| soft palate | The fleshy posterior extension of the hard palate, separating the nasopharynx from the oral cavity. |
| gastroenteric reflex | An increase in peristalsis along the small intestine; triggered by the arrival of food in the stomach. |
| appendix | A blind tube connected to the cecum of the large intestine. |
| haustra | Sac-like pouches along the length of the large intestine that result from tension in the taenia coli. |
| hepatocyte | A liver cell. |
| pyloric sphincter | A sphincter of smooth muscle that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum |
| secretin | A hormone, secreted by the duodenum, that stimulates the production of buffers by the pancreas and inhibits gastric activity. |
| antibody | A globular protein produced by plasma cells that will bind to specific antigens and promote their destruction or removal from the body. |
| ion | An atom or molecule bearing a positive or negative charge due to the donation or acceptance, respectively, of an electron. |
| gastric | Pertaining to the stomach. |
| rectum | The inferior 15 cm (6 in.) of the digestive tract. |
| chymotrypsin | A protease in the small intestine. |
| mucins (MU-sinz) | Proteoglycans responsible for the lubricating properties of mucus. |
| digestive system | The digestive tract and associated glands. |
| chyme (kim or kime) | A semifluid, acidic mixture of ingested food and digestive secretions that forms in the stomach during the early phases of digestion. |
| bowel | The intestinal tract. |
| co-transport & transport of a nutrient | cotransport: The membrane transport of a nutrient (ie glucose) in company w/ the movement of an ion, normally sodium; transport requires a carrier protein but does not involve direct ATP expenditure & can occur regardless of the concentration gradient |
| anus | The external opening of the anal canal. |
| hepatic duct | The duct that carries bile away from the liver lobes and toward the union with the cystic duct. |
| common bile duct | The duct formed by the ion of the cystic duct from the gallbladder and the bile ducts from the liver; terminates at the duodenal ampulla, where it meets the pancreatic duct. |
| micelle (mi-SEL) | A droplet with hydrophilic portions on the outside; a spherical aggregation of bile salts, monoglycerides, and fatty acids in the lumen of the intestinal tract. |
| ligamentum teres | The fibrous strand in the falciform ligament of adults that is the remnant of the umbilical vein of the fetal state. |
| mucous membrane | Mucosa; the epithelium plus the lamina propria. |
| Serous membrane | A squamous epithelium and the underlying loose connective tissue; the lining of the pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities. |
| colon | The large intestine. |
| cystic duct | A duct that carries bile between the gallbladder and the common bile duct. |
| carbohydrate | An organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio that approximates 1. |
| amylase | An enzyme that breaks down polysaccharides; produced by the salivary glands and pancreas. |
| enterocrinin | A hormone secreted by the lining of the duodenum after exposure to chyme; stimulates the secretion of the submucosal glands. |
| Kupffer cells (KOOP-fer) | Stellate reticular cells of the liver; phagocytic cells of the liver sinusoids. |
| lesser omentum | A small pocket in the mesentery that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver. |
| feces | Waste products elimated by the digestive tract at the anus; contains indigestible residue, bacteria, mucus, and epithelial cells. |
| duodenal papilla | A conical projection from the inner surface of the duodenum that contains the opening of the duodenal ampulla. |
| chylomicrons (ki-lo-MI-kronz) | Relatively large droplets that may contain triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol in association with proteins; synthesized and released by intestinal cells and transported to the venous blood by the lymphatic system. |
| trypsin (TRIP-sin) | One of the pancreatic proteases. |
| cecum (SE-kum) | An expanded pouch at the start of the large intestine. |
| lamina propria | The reticular tissue that underlies a mucous epithelium and forms part of a mucous membrane. |
Created by:
tamiboren