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Anthropology Chap 1
Chap 1 definitions
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is anthropology? | Study of humankind in all times and places |
What is a holistic perspective? | fundamental principle of anthropology: that the various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence. |
What is ethnocentrism? | Belief that your culture is better than another culture |
What does culture-bound mean? | Looking at the world and reality based on assumptions from one's own culture |
What is applied anthropology? | The use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client. |
What is medical anthropology? | A specialization in anthropology that combines theoretical and applied approaches from cultural and biological anthropology with the study of human health and disease. |
What is physical anthropology? | The systematic study of humans as biological organisms; also known as biological anthropology. |
What is molecular anthropology? | A branch of biological anthropology that uses genetic and biochemical techniques to test hypotheses about human evolution, adaptation, and variation. |
What is paleoanthropology? | The study of human evolution |
What does biocultural mean? | Focusing on the interaction of biology and culture |
What does primatology mean? | The study of living and fossil primates |
What is forensic anthropology? | Applied subfield of physical anthropology that specializes in the identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes. |
What is cultural anthropology? | The study of customary patterns in human behavior, thought, and feelings. It focuses on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures. |
What is culture? | A society’s shared and socially transmitted ideas, values, and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior. |
What is ethnography? | A detailed description of a particular culture based on fieldwork |
What is fieldwork? | On-location research |
What is participant observation? | the technique of learning a people’s culture through social participation and personal observation within the community being studied, as well as interviews and discussion with individual members of the group over an extended period of time. |
What is ethnology? | The study and analysis of different cultures from a comparative or historical point of view, utilizing ethnographic accounts and developing anthropological theories that help explain why certain important differences or similarities occur among groups. |
What is linguistic anthropology? | The study of human languages - looking at their structure, history and relation to social and cultural contexts |
What is discourse? | Extended communication on a specific subject |
What is archaeology? | Study of human cultures through recovery and analysis of material remains |
What is bioarchaeology? | The archaeological study of human remains, emphasizing the preservation of cultural and social processes in the skeleton. |
What is cultural resource management? | A branch of archaeology tied to government policies for the protection of cultural resources and involving surveying and/or excavating archaeological and historical remains threatened by construction or development. |
What does empirical mean? | Based on observations of the world instead of faith |
What is a hypothesis? | Tentative explanation of relationships between certain phenomena |
What is a theory? | An explanation of natural phenomena supported by reliable data |
What is a doctrine? | An assertion of belief or opinion formally handed down by an authority as true |
What is informed consent? | Formal recorded agreement to participate in research; federally mandated for all research in the United States and Europe. |
What is globalization? | Worldwide interconnectedness, evidenced in Global movements of natural resources, trade goods, human labor, finance capital, information, and infectious diseases. |