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Nutrition Test Q's
Questions from Nutrition Tests
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fettuccini Alfredo food label states that for a 2500 kcal diet the maximum total fat intake is 80 grams. The lasagna package says it contains 3 servings, you ate half the box and there is 14 grams of fat per serving. What is the %DV for fat that you just | 26% |
| Foods containing carbohydrate have the highest satiety value. | False |
| Which of the following nutrients contains the most energy? A) carbohydrates B)Vitamins C)Minerals D)Water | A) Carbohydrates |
| Which of the following is NOT a primary function of dietary protein? A) serving as a primary source of energy for the body B) building new cells and tissues C) repairing damaged structures D) regulating metabolism and fluid balance | A) Serving as a primary source of energy for the body. |
| The standard used to estimate the daily nutrient needs of 97% of all healthy individuals is: | The RDA |
| The dietary standard that has been established for nutrients for which more research is needed to determine human requirements is the: | AI |
| Over the past thirty years, obesity rates in the United States have changed significantly. | True |
| The four characteristics of a healthful diet are variety, balance, moderation, and _________ | Adequacy |
| The Nutrition Facts Panel on a box of cookies indicates that one serving provides 90 calories, with 6 grams of fat. Calculate the percentage of calories from fat in this product? | 60% |
| The Scientific Method requires that a hypothesis is derived prior to an observation, followed by experimentation. | False |
| Which of the following is required on all food labels? A) ingredient list B) name and address of the vendor C) net contents of the package D) all of the above | All of the above. |
| The fruits section of MyPyramid emphasizes "focus on fruits" and encourages the consumption of all of the following EXCEPT: A) fruit juice. B) canned fruit. C ) frozen fruit. D) dried fruit. | A) Fruit Juices |
| Which food is most nutrient dense? A) apple juice B) broccoli C) coffee D) donut | B) broccoli |
| The ________ is most responsible organ for prompting individuals to seek food. | Brain |
| Hunger is best described as: | A physiological desire to find food and eat. |
| The presence of any bacteria in the large intestine indicates a potentially serious systemic allergic reaction that can be fatal if left untreated. | False |
| Which of the following is NOT a regulator of satiety in the body? A)kidney B) hypothalamus C) GI tract D) hormones | A)A kidney |
| Which of the following snacks will have the highest satiety value, assuming the calories and relative size are similar? A) piece of apple B) slice of bread C) piece of cheese D) glass of skim milk | C) A piece of cheese |
| Which of the following is a micronutrient? A) fiber B) calcium C) alcohol D) fat | B) Calcium |
| The "powerhouse" of the cell that produces most of the ATP is the: | Mitochondria |
| Which best explains why carbohydrate digestion ceases when food reaches the stomach | Salivary enzymes cannot function in the acid environment of the stomach. |
| What is chyme? | A mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices. |
| A primary function of the mucus in the stomach is to: | Protect stomach cells from autodigestion |
| The majority of nutrient absorption takes place in the stomach. | False |
| Proteins that catalyze chemical changes, such as hydrolysis, and speed up body processes are called: | Enzymes |
| _______ is the primary energy source for the brain. | Carbohydrate |
| What is the name of the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestine? | Pyloric |
| Responding to the presence of fat in our meal, the gallbladder releases a substance called: | Bile |
| Which of the following organs is responsible for the manufacturing and secretion of insulin and glucagon, as well as many digestive enzymes? A) small intestine B) liver C) stomach D) pancreas | D) Pancreas |
| Immediately after absorption, what circulatory system carries most of the fat-soluble nutrients? | Lymphatic |
| Which large vessel transports absorbed nutrients to the liver? | Portal Vein |
| If a person has GERD, the ________ is malfunctioning. | Esophageal Sphincter |
| What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers? | H Pylori bacteria |
| What are probiotics? | Live microorganisms naturally found in or supplemented to food products |
| An epidemiological study can determine ‘cause and effect’ if it is designed properly | False |
| A 360 calorie slice of pizza has 45% calories coming from carbohydrate and 15% calories coming from protein. How many grams of fat are in this slice of pizza? | 16 |
| The term ‘simple carbohydrates’ refers to everything EXCEPT: | Glycogen |
| What is the primary form of fat in the diet | Triglycerides |
| Muscle glycogen will release glucose into the bloodstream when blood glucose levels get low. | False |
| When insufficient carbohydrate is eaten, fat is broken down into____for an energy source: | Ketones |
| Which of the following do not supply calories to the body? | Dietary fiber |
| _______ are biologically active compounds made by essential nutrients and are necessary for vasoconstriction, vasodialation, blood clotting, and inflammation. | Eicosanoids |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes? A. arises most commonly during early childhood B. develops during pregnancy C. often associated with being underweight D. insulin resistance or insensitivity | D)insulin resistance or insensitivity |
| Olive oil is a lower calorie alternative to butter and margarine. | False |
| Lactose intolerance is due to a: | A. deficiency of lactase |
| Most of the cholesterol found in the body is made in the liver. | True |
| Where does the majority of absorbed dietary fat go once it leaves the small intestine cells? | Lymps vessels |
| Dietary sources of galactose include: | Milk and cheese |
| Susie consumed 1840 kcals on Saturday and a total of 17 grams of fiber. Her fiber intake per 1000 kcal consumed was: | 9 grams |
| To reduce our risk for developing heart disease, we need to consume less fiber. | False |
| Which hormone is released because blood glucose levels are low and the liver needs to release stored carbohydrate? | Glucagon |
| Trans-fatty acids and saturated fatty acids have similar effect on blood cholesterol levels. | True |
| Fruits differ from concentrated sweets because: A. they are less nutrient dense B. they are packaged with fiber C. their sugars are diluted in large volumes of water D. a and b E. b and c | E) b and c |
| Which of the following is not one of the complex carbohydrates? A. fiber B. glycogen C. lactose D. starch | Lactose |
| Gluconeogenesis refers to: | Making glucose from proteins |
| The pancreas makes bile. | False |
| Soluble fiber has the greatest blood cholesterol lowering effect compared to insoluble fiber. | True |
| Found in muscle and liver, ________ is the storage form of glucose in animals. | Glycogen |
| Digestion of most starch begins in the: | Mouth |
| Which of the following helps prevent type 1 diabetes? A. weight control and exercise B. taking oral hypoglycemic agents C. restricting protein intake D. nothing has been found to prevent type I diabetes | D) Nothing has been found to prevent type 1 diabetes |
| If high fructose corn syrup is the second ingredient on a long list of ingredients, it means that the food product has very little added sugar. | False |
| Diabetes is a condition in which the body doesn’t process ________ properly. | Glucose |
| Which of the following foods are high in omega 3 fatty acids fatty acids? A. corn and soybean oils B. butter and coconut oil C. salmon and sardines D. all of the above | C) salmon and sardines |
| Which of the following foods are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids? A. olive and canola oils B. palm and coconut oils C. butter and lard D. soy and corn oils | D) soy and corn oils |
| Xenical works by inhibiting pancreatic lipase: | True |
| Which of the following ingredients would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids in a product? A. vitamin E B. high fructose corn syrup C. hydrogenated vegetable oil D. liquid corn oil | C) hydrogenated vegetable oil |
| Transport vehicles for most lipids are called: | Lipoproteins |
| ________ is (are) the key structural component of a cell's membrane | Phospholipids |
| All of the following organs assist in the digestion of lipids EXCEPT: A. the liver. B. the kidneys C. the pancreas. D. the gallbladder. | B) the kidneys |
| The liver synthesizes ______ to deliver triglyceride to cells and as this lipoprotein loses triglycerides it becomes ______ in circulation: | VLDL, LDL |
| Yesterday Molly consumed 1,780 kcal. Her meals included a total of 69 grams of fat. What percentage of calories of her day's intake came from fat? | 35% |
| How many calories are potentially provided by 27 grams of carbohydrate | 108 kcals |
| Immediately following a high-fat meal, specialized lipoproteins called ________ are created in the small intestine cells to transport dietary fat through the body. | Chylomicrons |
| The two essential fatty acids are: | Linoleic and linoleic acid |
| One of the safer fish choices is shark because it is low in mercury. | False |
| Insufficient vitamin D during adulthood is associated with: | Osteomalacia |
| Which of the following is the only complete vegetable protein? A. barley B. corn C. peanuts D. soy | D) Soy |
| A complete protein: | contains adequate amounts of the essential amino acids |
| Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids? | Side chain |
| Which of the following foods is a source of complete protein? A. apple B. broccoli C. whole-grain bread D. milk | D) Milk |
| Steve ate a beef wrap from the deli that contained 450 kcals total, 29% of kcals from carbohydrate, 30% kcals from fat. How many grams of protein were in that sandwich? | 46 grams |
| The chemical digestion of proteins begins in the: | Stomach |
| Which of the following health problems has been associated with adequate calories but low protein intakes? A. kwashiorkor B. elevated blood cholesterol C. sickle cell anemia D. marasmus | A) kwashiorkor |
| What is edima? | A fluid imbalance that results in swelling of tissue. |
| Which of the following is NOT a nutrient of concern for vegans? A. vitamin B12 B. Zinc C. vitamin C D. Calcium | C) vitamin c |
| Diseases that cause the malabsorption of fat can result in a deficiency of: | Linoleic acid |
| Where do humans obtain vitamin K? | Diet and intestinal bacteria |
| Vitamin D toxicity is associated with: | Supplements |
| The effects of vitamin B deficiencies include: | Dermititis and mental confusion |
| Which of the following proteins are fundamental to catalyzing reactions? A. antibodies B. transport proteins C. enzymes D. buffers | Enzymes |
| Of the twenty amino acids relevant to the human body, how many are considered nonessential? | Eleven |
| In addition to dietary sources, vitamin D is produced in the: | Skin |
| The quaternary structure of a protein involves: | interaction between different polypeptides to form a protein |
| Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized? | Vitamin C |
| Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E? A. protecting LDLs (low-density lipoproteins from oxidation) B. enhancing the immune system and protecting white blood cells C. improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low | C) improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low |
| Which of the following nutrients requires the most frequent consumption to prevent deficiency symptoms? A. vitamin B12 B. beta-carotene C. folate D. vitamin E | C) folate |
| The doctor has recently told Julie that her iron stores are low. Julie should consume ________ with her iron supplement to increase its absorption. | A glass of orange juice |
| Vitamin K's primary role in the body is: | blood clotting |
| Which of the following is the BEST source of vitamin K? A. green leafy vegetables B. milk C. citrus fruits D. whole grains | A) green leafy vegetables |
| Pellagra is the deficiency disease associated with: | Niacin |
| Which of the following conditions have vitamin B6 supplements been used to treat? A. high cholesterol B. carpal tunnel syndrome C. baldness D. hypertension | B) carpal tunnel syndrome |
| Which of the following explains why folate is critical to the health of a newly conceived embryo? A.Folate is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance. B. Folate is essential for heart function. C. Folate is needed for proper cell division. | C) Folate is needed for proper cell division |
| Vitamin B12 is essential for the proper functioning of: | Nerve cells |
| Research studies have consistently demonstrated an association between a reduced risk of cancer and: | Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables |
| Using a sunscreen with an SPF of 8 or greater can inhibit the synthesis of vitamin D. | True |
| The B-complex vitamins are good energy sources for the body. | False |
| What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat? | Nitrogen |
| All of the following are parts of an amino acid molecule EXCEPT: A. an acid group. B. a fatty acid group. C.an amine group. D. a central carbon. | B) a fatty acid group |
| Milk curdles when lemon juice is added to it. The change that occurs in the protein is called: | Denaturation |
| In the human body, proteins are found: A. in the blood. B. in bone tissue. C. in muscle tissue. D. all of the above | D) all of the above |
| Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body? A. growth and maintenance of new tissue B. providing energy to the body C. synthesis of hormones D. maintaining fluid balance | B) providing energy to the body |
| All of the following are examples of protein hormones EXCEPT: A. insulin. B. thyroid. C. estrogen D. glucagon. | C) estrogen |
| The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called: | Mutual supplementation |
| Brenda is a reasonably healthy 21-year-old college student who is sedentary. She is 5' 6" tall and weighs 135 pounds. How many grams of protein would you recommend she consume each day? | 49 grams |
| In order to increase muscle mass a person must: A. consume adequate protein B. consume adequate protein and carbohydrate C. challenging muscle groups with exercise D. A and C E. B and C | E) b and c |
| Eighty (80) proof liquor contains ________% alcohol | 40 |
| Sodium is associated with chronic disease and therefore is not an essential nutrient necessary for human health. | False |
| Which of the following terms is synonymous with the word malignant? A. cancer B. tumor C. undifferentiated D. benign | A) cancer |
| Steve drinks three beers. Each contains 12 grams of alcohol. How many kilocalories from alcohol does Bob consume? | 252 kcals |
| Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in our body? A. iron B. phosphorus C. calcium D. | C) calcium |
| Chromium assists in ________ uptake. | glucose |
| Research has shown a consistent and strong link between taking antioxidant supplements and a reduced risk of developing cancer. | False |
| The body produces water as a metabolic byproduct which contributes to the “water-in” vs the “water-out” in the water balance equation. | True |
| Which of the following is a diuretic? A. milk B. water C. alcohol D. orange | C) alcohol |
| ____is a potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms. | Heatstroke |
| Both excessive and insufficient intakes of zinc can impair immune function. | True |
| Which of the following is TRUE? A. Water freely moves across cell membranes. B. Electrolytes freely move across cell membranes. C. Water and electrolytes move across the cell membranes only through protein channels. | A) Water freely moves across cell membranes |
| A diet rich in potassium has been shown to help maintain a healthy blood pressure. | True |
| Moderate alcohol consumption has been linked with a reduced risk of: | Cardiovascular disease |
| The MPF factor is: | a special factor found in meat, fish, and poultry that enhances iron absorption. |
| Which organ(s) is (are) primarily responsible for maintaining fluid balance? | Kidneys |
| The ability of a muscle to contract and relax is dependent on the flow of ________ in and out of the muscle cell. | Calcium |
| What is the primary reason we sweat? | To regulate body temperature |
| Phytochemicals have shown to have all these beneficial effects EXCEPT: A. Slow the aging process B. Decrease blood clotting C. Interfere with bacteria clinging to tissue D. Increasing inflammation | D) increasing inflammation |
| Which of the following is NOT a consequence of fetal alcohol syndrome? A. cognitive impairment B. impaired growth C. iron-deficiency anemia D. facial deformities | C) iron deficiency anemia |
| Iodine is essential for the synthesis of ________ hormones. | thyroid |
| Hyponatremia is associated with: | Overhydration |
| Alcohol provides ________ kcal/gram. | 7 |
| Which of the following nutrients increases the absorption rate of calcium? A. zinc B. iron C. phosphorus D. vitamin D | D) vitamin D |
| The oxygen-carrying protein found in our red blood cells is called: | Hemoglobin |
| Which of the following will likely result if the concentration of electrolytes outside a cell is higher than that of the intracellular environment? A. The cell will become dehydrated. B. The cell will be unaffected. C. The cell will undergo mitosis and | A) The cell will become dehydrated |
| Non-heme iron is in both plant-based and animal-based foods. | True |
| Lean individuals have a higher percentage of body water than fat individuals. | True |
| Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration? A. pregnant women and the elderly B. infants and the elderly C. infants and pregnant women D. adolescents and children | B) infants and elderly |
| When blood volume decreases, blood pressure increases. | False |
| At what age does bone resorption generally begin to occur more rapidly than bone formation? | 40 |
| ________ of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid. | 50-70% |
| Bottled water is always safer to drink than tap water | False |
| The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from: | Table salt |
| The majority of the body's fluid is found: | within the cells |
| Alcohol is absorbed in the: | stomach and small intestine |
| Less than fifty percent of Americans with osteoporosis are women. | False |
| At what stage in the development of cancer is the DNA mutated? | Initiation |
| Trabecular bone typically suffers more calcium loss during inadequate dietary calcium consumption compared to cortical bone. | True |
| Hard water is considered hypertensive because it contains a lot of sodium and very little calcium. | False |
| More than 60% of our nation’s adult population is overweight or obese. | True |
| _______ is a protein hormone produced by the fat cells that signal satiety to reduce food intake. | Leptin |
| The thermic effect of food is higher in fat than that of carbohydrate or protein. | false |
| Which of the following assessment techniques can be used to evaluate an individual's fat distribution pattern? A. BMI B. waist circumference C. underwater weighing D. BIA | B) weight circumference |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the physiological effects of regular physical activity? A. maintains and/or increases lean body mass B. decreases the action of insulin C. enhances gastric motility | B) decreases the action of insulin |
| Body Mass Index correlates with body fatness with all people | False |
| Joan wants to improve her muscular strength. Which type of activity would be the MOST effective to achieve this goal? | weight lifting |
| Amino acids are the primary fuel source utilized in both anaerobic and aerobic exercise | false |
| What is meant by the overload principle? | improving fitness by placing extra physical demand on the body |
| Very low calorie diets are the most successful diet for weight loss with people looking to lose 10 lbs of fat. | False |
| The acronym FIT stands for: | frequency, intensity and time |
| For an exercise program to be beneficial you should feel some pain | false |
| In which of the following types of exercise would CP (creatine phosphate) be an important source of energy? | Sprinting in a 100 meter race |
| The energy expended due to physical activity accounts for the majority of our total energy output each day. | False |
| The amount of ATP stored in a muscle cell will fuel the muscle's activity for: | 1 to 3 seconds |
| Phosphocreatine (also called Creatine Phosphate) is a high-energy compound that can be broken down to regenerate ATP. | True |
| When oxygen is available and the cell needs energy, glucose will: | Enter the mitochondria and make a total of 38 ATP |
| Where in the body do we find the greatest storage of potential energy? | Body fat |
| At rest (low intensity activity), the body's major fuel source is ______. | Fat |
| The fastest way to replenish glycogen stores is to eat carbohydrate: | within 15 minutes after exercising |
| In which of the following events would carbohydrate loading be the most beneficial? A. baseball game B. cross-country skiing C. 100-yard dash D. weight lifting | B) cross country skiing |
| The human body can store an unlimited amount of glycogen | False |
| The leaness measure that relies on electrical conductivity is: | the BIA |
| Which of the following would be the best fluid replacement for events lasting longer than one hour? A. cool water B. ginger ale C. orange juice D. sports drink | D) sports drink |
| Lactic acid is a by-product of high-intensity exercise | True |
| 26. Which of the following best explains the cause of sports anemia? A. loss of iron stores due to excessive activity B. increased blood volume C. insufficient intake of dietary iron D. cessation of a normal menstrual cycle | B) increased blood volume |
| Regular physical activity can indirectly increase basal metabolic rates. | True |
| The general term for substances used to improve and enhance athletic performance is called: | Ergogenic acids |
| What is the primary mechanism by which the human body dissipates heat? | Evaporative cooling |
| The best way to stimulate growth of skeletal muscle is to eat a high-protein diet. | False |
| The three components of total energy expenditure are: | basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food. |
| In order to completely burn fat as fuel, you must have some glucose available | True |
| An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a person's risk for: | Diabetes and heart disease |
| About ________% of our total energy output is attributable to basal metabolism. | 55-70% |
| The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called: | The thermic affect of food |
| The Cori Cycle involves the metabolism of which macronutrient: | Glucose |
| By detecting and responding to the body's physiological signals, the ________ is the part of the body in control of hunger regulation. | Hypothalamus |
| Body mass index is determined from: | The ratio of an individuals body weight to their height |
| Bob would like to lose 1.5 pounds a week. If his present energy intake is 3,400 kcals/day and his energy expenditure does not change, how many kilocalories should he consume each day to achieve his goal? | 2650 kcals |
| Why is rBGH given to many U.S. dairy cows? | To increase milk production without increasing feed |
| Which of the following is associated with marasmus? A ) distended abdomen B ) enlarged, fatty liver C ) "skin and bones" appearance D ) all of the above | C) skin and bones appearance |
| All of the following are physiological changes that typically occur with aging EXCEPT: A ) decreased bone density. B ) decreased taste acuity. C ) decreased lean body mass. D ) decreased fat mass. | D) decreased fat mass |
| Food manufacturers voluntarily have batch numbers on their food products so that they can keep track of inventory and sales. | False |
| It is best if the first solid food introduced to infants is: | Iron fortified rice cereal |
| Irradiation is a permitted preservation technique used by organic farmers. | False |
| Which of the following fatty acids is critical to fetal brain and eye development? A ) oleic acid B ) palmitic acid C ) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA ) D ) stearic acid | C) DHA |
| Lead poisoning is less severe if children have adequate ________ in their diet. | calcium and iron |
| Parents and guardians can lower the risk of many childhood problems EXCEPT. | ADHD |
| Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy can cause birth defects | true |
| At birth Baby Molly weighs 7 pounds. If her growth and development are normal, what would you expect Molly to weigh at her first birthday? | 21 pounds |
| In older adults, which of the following is a mineral important to a healthy immune system and wound healing? | Zinc |
| Which nutrient is generally NOT a concern for vegan children? | Vitamin C |
| The green color visible on some stored potatoes is called solanine. This is natural and not harmful at all. | False |
| If a pregnant woman is overweight, she should restrict her caloric intake and attempt to lose some weight before delivery. | False |
| It is thought that only 50% of food-born illnesses are reported | False |
| The safety of raw seafood cannot be guaranteed; it must be cooked | True |
| In the United States iodine is added to ________ in order to reduce the risk of developing deficiency symptoms. | Table salt |
| HACCP is the acronym used for the law allowing food additives to continue to be used and thought safe because of the years in use without adverse health effects | False |
| Which of the following bacteria causes food-borne illness by releasing a toxin? A ) hepatitis A B ) Clostridium botulinum C ) Salmonella D ) Norwalk virus | B) clostridium botulinum |
| Food infections result from consuming foods in which microbes have secreted poisonous toxins. | False |
| Clostridium botulinum toxins are used by humans for different conditions | true |
| Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the: | mothers pre pregnancy body mass index |
| Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is a food-borne illness also known as: | Mad cow disease |
| The primary symptom of Giardia infection is | Diarrhea |
| ________ is the most common bacterial food infection identified in humans | Campylobactor |
| In the United States, there are no labeling requirements for products containing recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH ) | True |
| All additives are synthetic. | False |
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