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DSST Env.Sci. Chp. 8
vocab. for DSST Env.Sci. from Environmental Science by Karen Arms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| clear-cutting | method of harvesting trees in which all of the trees are removed from a land area, as opposed to selective cutting |
| deforestation | clearing trees from an area without replacing them |
| Federal Mining Act | act of U.S. Congress to regulate the filing and settling of land claims in the West |
| infrastructure | the necessary structures, including roads, buildings, bridges, and sewers, that a society builds for public use |
| land-use planning | determining the location of homes, businesses, and protected areas before an area is developed |
| mass transit | transportation facilities to move large numbers of people at a time |
| mineral | solid substance found in nature that consists of a single element or compound |
| mineral resources | minerals that have economic value and are useful to humans in some way |
| multiple-use management | term used to indicate variety of ways that land can be used to best serve the majority of people |
| non-urban land | rural land, such as forest, grassland, and farmland, that is not densely populated and that does not have a large infrastructure |
| open-pit mining | method of mining in which large holes are dug in the ground to remove materials such as ore, sand, gravel, and building stone |
| open space | areas purposely left undeveloped for the enjoyment of urban residents |
| Operation Green Thumb (OGT) | program sponsored by New York City’s Department of General Services enabling nonprofit organizations to create community vegetable and flower gardens |
| ore | rock that contains minerals |
| overgrazing | damage to a grassland caused by too many animals eating in a limited area; often so harmful that the grass cannot recover |
| rangeland | grassland used for grazing animals |
| reclamation | the process of restoring land to the condition it was in before mining operations began |
| reforestation | process of replacing trees that have died or been cut down |
| selective cutting | method of harvesting only middle-aged or mature trees individually or in small groups |
| strip mining | method of mining in winch huge machines clear away large strips of the Earth’s surface, as in phosphate mining |
| suburban sprawl | low-density development that spreads out around cities |
| urban area | land area with dense population and with the housing and infrastructure necessary for citizens’ wellbeing |
| urban crisis | condition in which more people live in a city than its infrastructure can support |
| urbanization | movement of people from rural areas to cities |
| urban-renewal project | program to rebuild a worn-down urban area by providing improved facilities |
| wilderness | designated natural area where the land and the ecosystems it supports are protected |
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