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Geography Terms
Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| afforestation | converting previously unforested land to forest by planting trees or seeds. |
| aridity | climate with insufficient moisture to support trees or woody plants. |
| Balfour Declaration | 1917 British mandate that required the establishment of a Jewish national homeland. |
| desertification | process by which arid and semiarid lands become degraded and less productive, leading to more desertlike conditions. |
| guest worker | a foreigner who is permitted to work in another country on a temporary basis. |
| hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca required of all Muslims. |
| import substitution | process by which domestic producers provide goods or services that were formerly bought from foreign producers. |
| informal economy | economic activities that take place beyond official record and not subject to formalized systems of regulation or remuneration (e.g., street selling, petty crime). |
| intifada | the violent uprising of Palestinians against the rule of Israel in the Occupied Territories. |
| Islam | religion that is based on submission to God's will according to the Qur'an. |
| Islamism | anti-colonial, anti-imperialist, and overall anticore political movement. |
| jihad | sacred struggle or striving to carry out God's will according to the tenets of Islam. |
| kinship | shared notion of relationship among members of a group often but not necessarily based on blood, marriage, or adoption |
| massif | mountainous block of Earth's crust bounded by faults or folds and displaced as a unit. |
| Muslim | member of the Islamic religion. |
| nationalist movement | organized groups of people, sharing common elements of culture, such as language, religion, or history, who wish to determine their own political affairs. |
| nationalization | process of converting key industries from private to governmental organization and control. |
| oasis | spot in the desert made fertile by the availability of surface water. |
| petrodollar | revenues generated by the sale of oil. |
| transhumance | movement of herds according to seasonal rhythms: warmer, lowland areas in the winter, and cooler, highland areas in the summer. |
| tribe | form of social identity created by groups who share a common set of ideas about collective loyalty and political action. |
| world religion | belief system with worldwide adherents. |
| Zionism | movement whose chief objective has been the establishment for the Jewish people of a legally recognized home in Palestine. |
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