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AICP Study

Question	Answer
When was the first Earth Day?	April 22, 1970
What is the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California?	The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California was created in 1927 in order to create the Colorado River Aqueduct. It was built between 1933 and 1941 and is owned and operated by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. It ran a wat
Rachel Carson	the author of Silent Spring, which was published in 1962. In the book, Carson examined the dangers of chemical pesticides, such as DDT, on plants, animals, and humans. This book greatly influenced the way people think about the environment.
Effluent Standards	set restrictions on the discharge of pollutants into the environment. Effluent guidelines reduce the discharge of pollutants that have serious environmental impacts. The EPA has effluent guidelines for more than 50 categories.
Point Source Pollution	discharged directly from a specific site, such as a sewage treatment plant or an industrial pipe
Non-point Source Pollution	contaminated runoff from many sources
Potable Water	water that is safe to drink
Aquifer	one or more strata of rock or sediment that is saturated and sufficiently permeable to yield economically significant quantities of water to wells or springs. An aquifer includes any geologic material that is currently used or could be used as a source of
Estuary	an area where fresh water meets salt water
Lagoon	shallow body of water that is located alongside a coast
Marsh	type of freshwater, brackish water or saltwater wetland found along rivers, ponds, lakes, and coasts. It does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation
Reservoir	pond, lake, tank, or basin that can be used for the storage and control of water, and can be either natural or man-made
Surface Water	includes rivers, lakes, oceans, ocean-like water bodies, and coastal tidal waters.
Swamp	freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddy land and a lot of water
Watershed	a region drained by, or contributing water to, a surface water body
Wetlands	include swamps, marshes, bogs, and other similar areas. They are areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetland
The Clean Water Act	1990. federal government sets ambient standards and the states must devise methods that enables these standards to be met.
Air Quality Control pollutants (6)	Ozone Particulate Matter Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide Lead
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)	relates to air quality and requires that a project will not increase emissions above a specified PSD increment
Ambient Air Quality Standards	the maximum air contaminant concentrations allowed in the ambient air
The National Environmental Policy Act	of 1969 (NEPA) The Act requires that the environmental impacts of a project be considered. An Environmental Assessment is required to determine whether there is a significant environmental impact.
The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899	prohibited the construction of any bridge, dam, dike, or causeway over any navigable waterway in the U.S. without Congressional approval.
The Water Pollutant Control Act of 1948	allowed the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, in cooperation with other governmental entities, to prepare a comprehensive program for eliminating or reducing the pollution of interstate waters and tributaries and improving the sanitary conditi
The Water Quality Act of 1965	established the Water Pollution Control Administration within the Department of the Interior. This was the first time water quality was treated as an environmental concern rather than a public health concern.
The Clean Water Act of 1966	provided construction grants for wastewater treatment facilities.
The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972	later amended in 1990, focused efforts to reduce polluted runoff in 29 coastal states
The Federal Water Pollutant Control Act of 1972	amended the Water Pollutant Act of 1948. The amendments broadened the government’s authority over water pollution and restructured the authority for water pollution under the Environmental Protection Agency. The Act changed the enforcement from water qual
The Endangered Species Act of 1973	provided protection of animal and plant species that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designate as threatened or endangered. This act was later amended in 1988
The Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) of 1978	promoted alternative energy sources, energy efficiency, and reduced dependence on foreign oil. It also created a market for non-utility power producers and requires competition in the utility industry.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980	reated a $1.6 billion superfund to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites and requires major industries to report annual releases of toxic wastes into the air, water, or ground.
Brownfields	“real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. Cleaning up and reinvesting in these properties takes development pressures off
What year was the first model tenement was built in New York City	1855
What year was the first dumbbell tenement was built	1879
Tenement House Act of 1867	his ordinance required new tenement buildings to provide a narrow air shaft between adjacent structures, windows that open into the shaft, two toilets on each floor, and a one square yard window in each room. This represented the first major housing code
How the Other Half Lives	In 1890, Jacob Riis published which highlighted the plight of the poor in New York
Tenement House Law of 1901	outlawed dumbbell tenements
Neighborhood Unit Concept	Clarence Perry in 1920. as part of the New York Regional Plan. The Neighborhood Unit Concept defines a neighborhood based on a five minute walking radius. At the center is a school. Each neighborhood is approximately 160 acres.
Public Works Administration (PWA),	created in 1934. The PWA provided 85 percent of the cost of public housing projects. This represented the first federally supported public housing program.
National Housing Act	1934. established the Federal Housing Administration with the purpose of insuring home mortgages
Resettlement Administration	1935. used New Deal funds to develop new towns
U.S. Housing Act	1937. provided $500 million in home loans for the development of low-cost housing. This Act tied slum clearance to public housing.
Serviceman's Readjustment Act, commonly known as the GI Bill	1944. guaranteed home loans to veterans. The result was the rapid development of suburbs.
Housing Act of 1949	was the first comprehensive housing legislation passed. The Act called for the construction of 800,000 new housing units and emphasized slum clearance.
Housing Act of 1954	called for slum prevention and urban renewal. Additionally, the Act provided funding for planning for cities under 25,000 population. The 701 funds were later expanded to allow for statewide, interstate, and regional planning.
Housing Act of 1959	made federal matching funds available for comprehensive planning at the metropolitan, regional, state, and interstate levels.
Housing Act of 1961	provided interest subsidies to nonprofit organizations, limited-dividend corporations, cooperatives, and public agencies for the construction of public housing projects for low and moderate income families to rent.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)	Formed in 1965. put into place rent subsidies for the poor, home loans at reduced interest rates, and subsidies for public housing projects.
Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act	1966. was the launch of the model cities program. The Act provided financial incentives for coordinated metro area planning for open spaces, water supply, sewage disposal, and mass transit. It also established a loan guarantee program to encourage the dev
Civil Rights Act of 1968	made racial discrimination in the sale or rental of housing illegal
Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968	provided for the construction of six million subsidized housing units. The Act also authorized monthly subsidies for private houses for low income families.
Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission	1970. in Ohio adopted a housing plan that called for low and moderate income housing to be allocated on a fair share basis.
Pruitt-Igoe Project	1972. was demolished in Saint Louis. The demolition of this public housing project marked a shift away from high-rise concentrated public housing.
Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG)	1974. created under the Housing and Community Development Act. This grant program provides great flexibility for communities to use these federal funds for the improvement of blighted areas. The CDBG program consolidated six categorical urban programs int
National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Act of 1974	regulated manufactured housing units and prohibited municipalities from regulating manufactured homes through the building code. The homes could be regulated in terms of location, size, and appearance. This act applied to all manufactured homes built in 1
Urban Development Action Grant Program (UDAG)	authorized under the 1977 amendments to the 1974 Housing and Community Development Act. The UDAG program promoted public-private partnerships for redevelopment of urban areas. It also required intergovernmental cooperation in the placement of projects. Fi
National Affordable Housing Act of 1990	created the HOME program, which provides funds for housing rehabilitation.
HOPE VI	1992. provided funds for the redevelopment of severely distressed public housing. It also allowed for the demolition of public housing as well as the construction of new public housing. The result has been a deconcentration of public housing.

Created by: kwaaker

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