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Anthropology test 3a

QuestionAnswer
Bronislaw Maliknowski created Functionalism
Functionalism is the view that society consists of institutions that serve vital purposes for people
Francis Boaz created (2 things) Cultural relativism and historical particularism
What is historical particularism? Looks at the history of a group of people; combined all four sub-fields of anthropology.
Participate observation is Going and living with people for extended periods of time to learn about them (Maliknowski).
Cultural materialism is If something is created that is useful, it will become part of society.
Cultural ecology is Do things in accordance with the environment.
Cultural anthropology is The study of living societies.
Four most consumed foods are Rice, corn, wheat, potatoes.
Four ways of getting food Hunting and gathering, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture.
Subsistence is How we obtain food.
Hunting and gathering takes ___%, pastoralism takes ___%, and horticulture takes ___% 100, 90, 75
Social stratification Who does what in the society
Kinship is How we know who our relatives are.
Reciprocity is Paying someone back
Incest is cultural t/f True
Why invented kinship diagrams? Lewis Henry Morgan
What are the two types of kinship? Bilineal and Unilineal
Agriculture and horticulture are which type of kinship? Bilineal
Is horticulture matrilineal or patrilineal? Matrilineal
Is pastoralism matrilinieal or patrilineal? Patrilineal
Triangle? Circle? Equal sign? Vertical? Horizontal? Male, female, marriage, descent, sibling
The original male is labeled? Ego
What is his generation, his parents, his kids? G0, G-1, G+1
Cross-cousin marriage exists in what type of society? Unilineal
Political organizations are How societies organize themselves to get stuff done.
What are the four types of political organizations? Bands, tribes, chiefdom's, states
Which political organization is the smallest? Bands; 15 to 100.
What is egalitarian? Every member of the group helps out with everything.
What is the method of subsistence for bands? Hunting and gathering.
What is gerontacracy? The oldest people making decisions.
Which political organization has the longest lifespan? Bands- each more diverse foods.
What is the second smallest political organization? Tribes- 75 to several thousand people.
How are tribes related? Through clan/caste system.
How do tribes get food? Mainly pastoralism and horticulture, sometimes agriculture.
What is a cult of personality? (Tribes) Big man or head women.
What is a problem with tribes? Intertribal warfare
What is the third smallest political organization? Chiefdomes
What is kinship in a chiefdom? Bilineal because family structure is most important.
What subsistence is used in a chiefdom? Horticulture or agriculture.
Why do chiefdomes break down? Interfamily conflict and territory disputes lead to warfare.
All states must have other... States; have laws between themselves
Food is states is always Agriculture
States require (financial) Money or system of trade, no state has all the resources it needs to maintain itself.
Kinship and Lifespan in States? Kinship is bilineal, lifespan is reduced because more people and mainly live off corn.
Anthropological theory (or explanation)? Explains why societies do what they do.
Charles Darwin developed? Biological Evolution
What is Social evolution? Societies determining who will be on top.
Lewis Henry Morgan and E.B. Tylor developed Unlineal theory
What is unlineal theory? Societies start at savagaes, then barbarianism, then become civilized through evolution.
What is diffusion? Societies borrow traits from other societies.
Who created hyper-diffusion? Grafton Elliot Smith
Created by: KristileeG
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