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anth 100
Module 2: Evolution and HumanVariation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _________ and _____ names form the scientific name of an organism | scientific name of an organism genus and species |
| In the scientific name of an organism, genus name is ____________ and species name is ________. Both are either ____________ or __________ | capitalized, lower case, underlined or in italics |
| Evolution | Change over time |
| Natural Selection | the process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates |
| Who was Darwin? | Wealthy British Physician, ideas about theory of evolution, first to theorize natural selection |
| Darwin believed in _________ of a species by descent and natural selection | descent and natural selection modification |
| Homologous and analogous structures are similar because of a _________ ancestor | shared |
| Analogous structures are similar in ________ and ________ | appearance and function |
| Evidence for human evolution | DNA, skeletal fossils, cultural evidence, protein sequences, mtDNA |
| Animal Kingdom | multicellular, Eukaryotic, ingestive heterotrophs |
| What Phylum are we? | Chordata |
| Our subphylum? | Vertibrates |
| Our class? | Mammals |
| Our order? | Primates |
| Does evolution happen on demand? | no |
| Is natural selection a perfecting mechanism? | no |
| 2 categories of what creatures become when environments change | specialist and generalist |
| frequency change of a particular trait as you move geographically from one point to another | clinal distribution |
| descent with modification from a single common ancestor or ancestral population | evolution |
| mixing of genetic material that results from the movement of individuals and groups from place to place. | gene flow |
| changes in the frequencies of specific traits caused by random factors. | genetic drift |
| a group of similar species | genus |
| pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes of human beings, as well as many other species, that is responsible for variations in color | melanin |
| random change in genetic material; the ultimate source of all biological variation | mutation |
| mechanism of evolutionary change; changes in traits of living organisms that occur over time as a result of differences in reproductive success among individuals | natural selection |
| childhood disease characterized by the softening and bending of leg and pelvis bones; related to insufficiency of vitamin D and/or calcium | rickets |
| theory that the evolution of certain traits can be explained by competition for opportunities to mate | sexual selection |
| group of organisms whose members are similar to one another and are able to reproduce within their group but not with members of other groups | species |
| evolution is a __ of populations, not individual organisms | characteristic |
| for a change to be evolutionary in a biological sense, it must affect the __ we pass on to next generations | genes |
| evolution is the primary way we understand the __ history of humanity, and all life | biological |
| biological anthropology fits into cultural anthropology because human behavior rest on a | biological base |
| language, two-legged stance, & need to reproduce are all __ __ that are basic to human culture | evolved traits |
| understanding human's evolutionary history is important to cultural anthropologists because it informs us about the things that all humans | have in common |
| __ among members of a species comes from mutation, sexual reproduction, gene flow, & gene drift | gene drift variations |
| mutations are the __ __ of all variation | ultimate source |
| gene flow also creates | new variations |
| wrote that because human population levels rose much faster than agricultural production, struggles over resources were inevitable | Malthus |
| Darwin gave __ & __ prominent roles in his theory | competition; struggle |
| regarding "fitness" referring to creatures better adapted to environment tend to succeed in struggle for food/mates, passing on traits, & less well adapted traits tend to disappear | Darwin |
| regarding "fitness" referring to wealth, power, & physical strength | Spencer |
| proposed alternative model of evolution called punctuated equilibrium | Niles Eldridge & Stephen Jay Gould (1972) |
| __ & __ do not necessarily guarantee reproductive success | strength; intelligence |
| Darwin understood evolution by natural selection as a slow, steady, __ process | continuous |
| evolution challenges a __ __ of the world's religious texts about how animals came to live on the earth | literal reading |
| in 1950 declared that evolution was compatible with Christian teachings | Catholic Church |
| in 2007, said the debate between evolution & creationism in US was an "absurdity" & that evolution can coexist w/faith | Pope Benedict XVI |
| it is biologically __ to say that humans evolved from apes/monkeys & leads to ___ of evolution | inaccurate; misunderstanding |
| no creature can be more __ than another | evolved |
| biological scientists agree on basic principles of evolution/natural selection, but argue about __ of evolution & precise __ under which it occurs | speed; conditions |
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teriltucker
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