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Management Chap8
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Behavior | The Actions of People |
Organizational Behavior | The study of the actions of people at work |
Employee Productivity | A performance measure of both work efficiency and effectiveness. |
Absenteeism | The failure to show up for work |
Turnover | Voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization |
Organizational Citizenship Behavior | Discretionary behavior that's not part of an employee's formal job requirements, but which promotes the effective functioning of the organization. |
Job Satisfaction | An employee's general attitude toward his or her job. |
Workplace misbehavior | Any intentional employee behavior that is potentially harmful to the organization or individuals within the organization. |
Attitudes | Evaluative statements, either favorable or unfavorable, concerning objects, peoples, or events. |
Cognitive Opponent | The part of an attitude made up of the beliefs, opinions, knowledge, and information held by a person |
Affective component | The part of an attitude that's the emotional or feeling part |
Behavioral Component | The part of an attitude that refers to an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something |
Job Involvement | The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her job performance important for self-worth |
Organizational Commitment | An employee's orientation toward the organization in terms of his or her loyalty to, identification with, and involvement in the organization. |
Employee Engagement | When employees are connected to, satisfied with, and enthusiastic about their jobs |
Cognitive Dissonance | Any incompatibility or inconsistency between attitudes, or between behavior and attitudes |
Personality | A unique combination of emotional, thought, and behavioral patterns that affect how a person reacts to a situation and interacts with others |
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator | A personality assessment that uses four dichotomies of personality to identify different personality types |
Big Five Model | A personality trait model that examines five traits; extra-version, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. |
Emotional Intelligence | The ability to notice and to manage emotional cues and information |
Focus of control | The degree to which people believe they control their own fate |
Machiavellianism | A measure of the degree to which people are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe that the end justifies the means |
Self-Esteem | An individuals degree of like or dislike for himself or herself |
Self monitoring | A personality trait that measure the ability to adjust behavior to external situation factors |
Perception | A process by which we give meaning to our environment by organizing and interpreting sensory impressions |
Attribution Theory | A theory used to explain how we judge people differently based on what meaning we attribute to given behavior |
Fundamental Attribution Error | The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgements about the behavior of others |
Self-Serving Bias | The tendency for individuals to attribute their success to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors |
Selective Perception | The tendency for people to only absorb parts of what they observe, allowing them to speed read others |
Assumed Similarity | An observers perception of others influenced more by the observer's own characteristics than by those of the person observed |
Stereotyping | When we judge someone on the basics of our perception of a group he or she is part of |
Halo Effect | When we form a general impression of a person on the basis of a single characteristic |
Learning | A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience |
Operant Conditioning | A theory of learning that says behavior is a function of it's consequences |
Social Learning Theory | A theory that says people can learn through observation and direct experience |
Shaping Behavior | The process of guiding learning in graduated steps, using reinforcement or lack of reinforcement |