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Pip's Population AP
Population study stack for AP Biology 908274
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| POPULATION | INDIVIDUALS OF ONE SPECIES LIVING IN ONE AREA, ALL THE SPOTTED OWLS IN OREGON |
| ECOSYSTEM | ALL THE ORGANISMS IN A GIVEN AREA AS WELL AS THE ABIOTIC FACTORS WITH WHICH THEY INTERACT |
| COMMUNITY | ALL THE ORGANISMS LIVING IN ONE AREA, EXAMPLE: ATLANTA, GEORGIA |
| BIOSPHERE | THE GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM |
| BIOTIC FACTORS | LIVING THINGS- ALL THE ORGANISMS THAT ARE PART OF ANY INDIVIDUAL'S ENVIRONMENT |
| ABIOTIC FACTORS | NONLIVING AND PHYSICAL FACTORS SUCH AS TEMPERATURE, LIGHT, WATER, AND NUTRIENTS. |
| PROPERTIES OF POPULATIONS | SIZE, DENSITY, DISPERSION, SURVIVORSHIP CURVES, AGE STRUCTURE DIAGRAMS |
| DISPERSION | THE PATTERN OF SPACING OF INDIVIDUALS WITHIN THE AREA THE POPULATION INHABITS |
| CLUMPED DISPERSION PATTERN | MOST COMMON DISPERSION PATTERN- EXAMPLE: FISH TRAVEL IN SCHOOLS BECAUSE THERE IS SAFETY IN NUMBERS |
| UNIFORM DISPERSION PATTERN | CERTAIN PLANTS SECRETE TOXINS THAT KEEP AWAY OTHER PLANTS THAT WOULD COMPETE FOR LIMITED RESOURCES |
| RANDOM DISPERSION PATTERN | OCCURS IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS OR REPULSIONS, EXAMPLE: TREES ARE SPACED RANDOMLY IN A FOREST |
| SURVIVORSHIP CURVES TYPE I | SUCCESS OF THE YOUNG, BUT HIGH MORTALITY IN OLD AGE (MAMMALS) |
| SURVIVORSHIP CURVES TYPE II | ORGANISMS HAVE A DEATH RATE THAT IS CONSTANT OVER THE LIFESPAN (HYDRA AND REPTILES) |
| SURVIVORSHIP CURVES TYPE III | ORGANISMS SHOW A HIGH DEATH RATE AMONG THE YOUNG (CLAMS) |
| FOOD CHAIN | A PATHWAY IN WHICH ENERGY IN THE FORM OF FOOD IS TRANSFERRED FROM ONE TROPHIC LEVEL TO THE NEXT |
| FOOD CHAIN | PRODUCER --> PRIMARY CONSUMER --> SECONDARY CONSUMER --> TERTIARY CONSUMER / NEVER MORE THAT 4 OR 5 TROPHIC LEVELS BECAUSE TOO MUCH ENERGY IS LOST |
| FOOD CHAIN | RELIES ON DECOMPOSERS (BACTERIA AND FUNGI) TO RECYCLE NUTRIENTS, NOT SHOWN IN FOOD CHAIN |
| FOOD PYRAMID | A MODEL FOR THE FOOD CHAIN THAT SHOWS THE 10% ENERGY TRANSFER AT EACH LEVEL OF THE FOOD CHAIN |
| TROPHIC EFFICIENCY | THE PERCENTAGE OF ENERGY TRANSFERRED FROM ONE TROPHIC LEVEL TO THE NEXT - 5-20% |
| POPULATION GROWTH | THE CARRYING CAPACITY CAN INCREASE OR DECREASE AS THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS CHANGE. |
| LIMITS ON POPULATION GROWTH- DENSITY DEPENDENT | INCREASE DIRECTLY AS THE POPULATION INCREASES COMPETITION FOR FOOD/ BUILDUP OF WASTES/PREDATION/DISEASE |
| LIMITS OF POPULATION GROWTH - DENSITY INDEPENDENT | EARTHQUAKES, STORMS, NATURALLY OCCURRING FLOOD AND FIRES, LOSS OF HABITAT DUE TO DEFORESTATION OR CLIMATE CHANGE |
| GROWTH PATTERN r-STRATEGIES | MANY, SMALL YOUNG; LITTLE OR NO PARENTING; RAPID MATURATION; REPRODUCE ONCE; INSECTS |
| GROWTH PATTERN - K-STRATEGIES | FEW, LARGE YOUNG PER INDIVIDUAL; INTENSIVE PARENTING; SLOW MATURATION;REPRODUCE MANY TIMES; MAMMALS |
| CARRYING CAPACITY | THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS THAT CAN OCCUPY ONE AREA AT A PARTICULAR TIME; REPRESENTED AS K |
| BIOMES | MAJOR ECOSYSTEM OF EARTH CLASSIFIED BY PREDOMINANT VEGETATION EX: MARINE, TROPICAL RAIN FOREST, DESERT, TEMPERATE GRASSLAND, TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS, TAIGA,TUNDRA |
| MARINE BIOME | LARGEST, MOST STABLE BIOME; PROVIDES MOST OF THE EARTH'S FOOD AND OXYGEN |
| REGIONS OF MARINE BIOME | PHOTIC ZONE, APHOTIC ZONE, BENTHIC ZONE |
| TROPICAL RAIN FOREST | NEAR EQUATOR WITH ABUNDANT RAINFALL; 4% OF EARTH AND 20% OF FOOD PRODUCTION; MOST DIVERSITY OF SPECIES AND NICHES; |
| EPIPHYTES | GROW IN THE TROPICAL RAIN FOREST; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PLANTS THAT GROW ON OTHER TREES RATHER THAN SUPPORTING THEMSELVES |
| DESERT | LITTLE RAINFALL (< 10" /YR) ; MOST EXTREME TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS; PLANTS HAVE SHALLOW ROOTS EX: CACTUS, SAGEBRUSH, MESQUITE |
| TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS | COVERS VAST AREAS OF THE WORLD; LOW RAINFALL; GRAZING ANIMALS SUCH AS BISON, WILDEBEEST, GAZELLE |
| TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST | NORTHEAST REGION OF NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH OF TIAGA, TREES DROP LEAVES IN WINTER, SOIL IS RICH IN HUMUS (DECOMPOSITION OF LEAVES); SQUIRRELS, FOXES, DEER, BEAR |
| TIAGA | NORTHERN CANADA AND MUCH OF THE WORLD'S NORTHERN REGION; LANDSCAPE IS DOTTED WITH LAKES & PONDS; VERY COLD WINTERS; MOOSE, BEAR, ELK, LYNX |
| TUNDRA | FAR NORTH PART OF THE GLOBE; PERMAFROST, "FROZEN DESERT", ALTHOUGH QUANTITY OF ANIMALS IS HIGH; FEW SPECIES; INSECTS, REINDEER, CARIBOU, WOLVES, POLAR BEARS |
| GAUSE'S PRINCIPLE OF COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION | IF TWO SPECIES SHARE AN ECOLOGICAL NICHE, THEY WILL COMPETE, AND ONE WILL NOT SURVIVE |
| ECOLOGICAL NICHE | WHAT AN ORGANISM FEEDS ON; ITS NUTRITIONAL ROLE IN AN ECOSYSTEM |
| CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT | COMPETING ORGANISMS OF SIMILAR SPECIES EVOLVE DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS TO COEXIST IN AN ENVIRONMENT (GALAPAGOS FINCHES EVOLVED DIFFERENT BEAK SIZES TO AVOID COMPETING FOR FOOD) |
| RESOURCE PARTITIONING | ONE SPECIES EVOLVES, THROUGH NATURAL SELECTION, TO EXPLOIT DIFFERENT RESOURCES IN ORDER TO SURVIVE. THIS DOES NOT NECESSARILY INVOLVE THE FORMATION OF A NEW SPECIES. |
| TYPES OF ORGANISM INTERACTIONS | COMPETITION; PREDATION; MUTUALISM; COMMENSALISM; PARASITISM |
| SYMBIOSIS | ORGANISMS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES THAT LIVE IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER |
| MUTUALISM | BOTH ORGANISMS BENEFIT +/+ (EX BACTERIA IN THE HUMAN INTESTINE PRODUCE VITAMINS) |
| COMMENSALISM | ONE BENEFITS AND ONE REMAINS UNAFFECTED +/0 (WHATE AND BARNACLES) |
| PARASITISM | ONE BENEFITS WHILE THE OTHER IS HARMED +/- (TAPEWORM IN THE HUMAN INTESTINE) |
| PLANT DEFENSES | SPINES, THORNS, AND CHEMICAL TOXINS SUCH AS MORPHINE, STRYCHNINE, AND NICOTINE AGAINST HERBIVORES |
| ANIMAL DEFENSES (ACTIVE) | FIGHTING OR FLEEING FROM PREDATORS |
| ANIMAL DEFENSES (PASSIVE) | CRYPTIC COLORATION AND CAMOUFLAGE |
| APOSEMATIC COLORATION | BRIGHT RED OR ORANGE COLORATION WARNS POSSIBLE PREDATORS THAT THIS ANIMAL IS POISONOUS |
| BATESIAN MIMICRY | COPYCAT COLORING BY ONE HARMLESS ANIMAL THAT MIMICS THE COLORING OF AN ANIMAL THAT IS POISONOUS |
| MULLERIAN MIMICRY | TWO OR MORE POISONOUS SPECIES MIMIC EACH OTHER TO GAIN AN ADVANTAGE OF COMBINED NUMBERS |
| WATER CYCLE | WATER EVAPORATES FROM THE LAND, FORMS CLOUDS, AND THEN RAINS OVER OCEANS AND LAND - MOST WATER EVAPORATES FROM PLANTS BY TRANSPIRATION |
| CARBON CYCLE | CELL RESPIRATION BY ANIMALS AND BACTERIAL DECOMPOSERS ADDS CARBON DIOXIDE TO THE AIR, BURING FOSSIL FUELS ADDS CARBON DIOXIDE TO THE AIR, PHOTOSYNTHESIS REMOVES CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THE AIR |
| NITROGEN CYCLE | NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA; NITRIFYING BACTERIA; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; BACTERIAL DECOMPOSERS ALL WORK TOGETHER |
| NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA | LIVE IN NODULES IN THE ROOTS OF LEGUMES AND CONVERT FREE NITROGEN INTO NH4 (AMMONIUM ION) |
| NITRIFYING BACTERIA | CONVERT NH4 INTO NITRITES AND THEN NITRATES |
| DENITRIFYING BACTERIA | CONVERT NITRATES INTO FREE ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN |
| BACTERIAL DECOMPOSERS | CONVERT ORGANIC NITROGEN BACK TO NH4 |
| NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF HUMANS ON EARTH | EUTROPHICATION OF LAKES; ACID RAIN; TOXINS ON THE FOOD CHAIN; GLOBAL WARMING; DEPLETING THE OZONE LAYER; DESTRUCTION OF HABITAT |
| EUTROPHICATION OF LAKES | RUNOFF OF SEWAGE, FERTILIZERS, AND MANURE FROM PATURES INCREASES NUTRIENTS IN LAKE AND CAUSES EXCESSIVE GROWTH OF ALGAE AND OTHER PLANTS |
| EUTROPHICATION OF LAKES | WITH DEPLETED OXYGEN, MORE ORGANISMS DIES AND MORE DECOMPOSITION OCCURS, MATTER ACCUMULATES ON THE LAKE BOTTOM AND THE LAKE GRADUALLY DISAPPEARS |
| ACID RAIN | CAUSED BY POLLUTANTS IN THE AIRE FROM COMBUSTION OF FOSSIL FUELS; NITRIC, NITROUS, SULFUROUS, AND SULFURIC ACIDS |
| TOXINS IN THE FOOD CHAIN | ALSO CALLED BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION |
| BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION | POISONS, SUCH AS PESTICIDES, THAT ENTER THE FOOD CHAIN AT THE PRODUCER LEVEL BECOME AMPLIFIED THROUGHOUT THE CHAIN; EACH LEVEL ACCUMULATES MORE TOXINS THAN THE LEVEL BEFORE IT |
| BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION | IN THE 1950'S DDT ENTERED THE FOOD CHAIN AND THE BALD EAGLE, AT THE TOP OF THE FOOD CHAIN, ALMOST BECAME EXTINCT AS A RESULT |
| GLOBAL WARMING | HIGH LEVELS OF CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS; ABSORBS MUCH OF THE INFRARED RADIATION REFLECTING OFF THE LAND AND CAUSES THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE TO RISE |
| DEPLETING THE OZONE LAYER | THE ACCUMULATION IN THE AIR OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, REFRIGERANTS, AND CHEMICALS FROM AEROSOL CANS HAS FORMED A HOLE IN THE PROTECTIVE OZONE LAYER. INCREASES AMOUNT OF UV LIGHT AND SKIN CANCER |
| HABITAT DESTRUCTION | MASSIVE DESTRUCTION OF HABITATS BY URBAN DEVELOPMENT, MINING, FORESTRY AND POLLUTION. (NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST WAS THREATENED WITH EXTINCTION) |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | KILLER HONEYBEES FROM AFRICA TO BRAZIL IN 1956 TO PRODUCE BETTER HONEY. ESCAPED BY ACCIDENT AND IS SPREADING THROUGH THE AMERICAS |
| INVASIVE SPECIES | ZEBRA MUSSEL- NATIVE TO ASIA BUT ACCIDENTALLY TRANSPLANTED TO THE US BY SHIP, POPULATION HAS EXPLODED AND IS CAUSING MILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF DAMAGE BY CLOGGING PIPES IN RIVERS AND LAKES AND THE EXTINCTION OF SOME NATIVE SPECIES |
| BIOTIC POTENTIAL | THE MAXIMUM RATE AT WHICH A POPULATION COULD INCREASE UNDER IDEAL CONDITIONS (AGE AT WHICH REPRODUCTION BEGINS, LENGTH OF TIME ORGANISMS CAN REPRODUCE, # OF REPRODUCTIVE PERIODS IN A LIFETIME, # OF OFFSPRING PRODUCED AT ONE TIME) |
Created by:
tracypippins
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