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Forestry Definition

Definitions of terms - Semester 4 Fleming College

Question	Answer
Cultivar	cultured variety of a plant. Cannot be reproduced without human assistance. Usually propagated asexually (cloned). Compare to variety.
Specific Epithet	classification name that follows the genus name in scientific nomenclature.
Hybrid	plant resulting from a cross between two or more other plants that are more or less alike
Family	taxonomic group under the order level and above the genus level. Refers to Scientific Nomeclature. Rember "Keep Pond Clean Or Froggy Gets Sick" for developing scientific names. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, FAMILY, Genus, and Species.
Arboriculture	practice and study of the care of trees and other woody plants in the landscape
Scion	top part of a graft, with leaves and buds, that is grafted to the root stock
Desiccation	severe drying out. Dehydration.
Callus	undifferentiated tissue formed by the cambium, usually as the result of wounding. Contrast with woundwood
Stomata	small pores, between two guard cells on the undersides of leaves and other green plant parts, through which gases are exchanged and water loss is regulated
Ramet	Freshly grafted tree (scion and attached root system) is referred to as a ramet (Lect. Slides)
Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees	natural defence process in trees by which chemical and physically boundaries are created that act to limit the spread of disease and decay organisms
Flush Cut	pruning cut through and/or removing the branch collar, causing unnecessary injury to the trunk or parent stem
Cultivar	cultured variety of a plant. Cannot be reproduced without human assistance. Usually propagated asexually (cloned). Compare to variety.
Specific Epithet	classification name that follows the genus name in scientific nomenclature.
Hybrid	plant resulting from a cross between two or more other plants that are more or less alike
Family	taxonomic group under the order level and above the genus level. Refers to Scientific Nomeclature. Rember "Keep Pond Clean Or Froggy Gets Sick" for developing scientific names. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, FAMILY, Genus, and Species.
Arboriculture	practice and study of the care of trees and other woody plants in the landscape
Scion	top part of a graft, with leaves and buds, that is grafted to the root stock
Desiccation	severe drying out. Dehydration.
Callus	undifferentiated tissue formed by the cambium, usually as the result of wounding. Contrast with woundwood
Stomata	small pores, between two guard cells on the undersides of leaves and other green plant parts, through which gases are exchanged and water loss is regulated
Ramet	Freshly grafted tree (scion and attached root system) is referred to as a ramet (Lect. Slides)
Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees	natural defence process in trees by which chemical and physically boundaries are created that act to limit the spread of disease and decay organisms
Flush Cut	pruning cut through and/or removing the branch collar, causing unnecessary injury to the trunk or parent stem
Woundwood	lignified, differentiated tissues produced on woody plants as a response to wounding. Contrast with callus.
Rays	parenchyma tissues that extend radially across the xylem and phloem of a tree and function in transport, storage, structural strength, and defence.
Scaffold Limb	permanent or structural branches that form the scaffold architecture or structure of a tree
Plant Hardiness	Hardiness of plants describe their ability to survive adverse growing conditions. It is usually limited to discussions of climatic adversity. Thus a plant's ability to tolerate cold, heat, drought, flooding, or wind are typically considered measurements o
Shake(s)	separation of wood at the growth rings or rays, usually along the barrier zone that forms in the compartmentalization process (CODIT. Ring shake(s). Radial shake(s).
Dioecious	species of plants in which male and female flowers are on separate plants. Contrast with monoecious
Monoecious	species with male and female flowers borne on the same plant. Contrast with dioecious.
Whorl	leaves, twigs, or branches arranged in a circle around a point on the stem. Contrast with alternate and opposite.
Topping	inappropriate pruning technique to reduce tree size. Cutting back a tree to a predetermined crown limit, often at internodes.
Subordination	prune to reduce the size and ensuing growth of a branch in relation to other branches or leaders.
Reaction Wood	wood formed in leaning or crooked stems or on lower or upper sides of branches as a means of counteracting the effects of gravity. See compression wood and tension wood.
Angiosperm	plant with seeds borne in an ovary. Consists of two large groups monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants) and dicotyledons (most woody trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and related plants). Contrast with gymnosperm
Gymnosperm	plants with exposed seeds, usually within cones. Contrast with angiosperm.
Xylem – main water and mineral	conucting (unidirectional, up only) tissue in trees and other plants. Provides structural support. Arises (in
Phloem	plant vascular tissue that transports photosynthates and growth regulators. Situated on the inside of bark, just outside the cambium. Is bidirectional (transports up and down). Contrast with xylem
Parenchyma cell	thin walled, living cells essential in photosynthesis, radial transport, energy storage, and production of protective compounds
Branch bark ridge	raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge.
Epicormic branching	shoot arising from a latent or adventitious bud (growth point)
Stratify	In horticulture, stratification is the process of pretreating seeds to simulate natural winter conditions that a seed must endure before germination. Many seed species undergo an embryonic dormancy phase, and generally will not sprout until this dormancy
Cotyledon	seed leaf. One of the first leaves to form in an embryo.
Genotype	The genotype is the genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual (i.e. the specific allele makeup of the individual) usually with reference to a specific character under consideration
Epigeal germination	In epigeous (or epigeal) germination, the hypocotyl elongates and forms a hook, pulling rather than pushing the cotyledons and apical meristem through the soil. Once it reaches the surface, it straightens and pulls the cotyledons and shoot tip of the grow
Included bark	bark that becomes embedded in a crotch 9union) between branch and trunk or between codominant stems. Causes a weak structure.
Biomechanics	Applies the principles of mechanical design to biological structures (Lect. Slides)
Compression wood	reaction wood in woody plants that develops on the underside of branches or leaning trunks. Compression wood is important in load bearing in conifers.
Tension wood	in broadleaved trees, reaction wood that forms on the upper side of branches or the trunks of leaning trees. Contrast with compression wood.
Disorder	abnormal condition that impairs the performance of one or more vital functions. Usually associated with noninfectious agents.
Drip line	imaginary line defined by the branch spread of a single plant or group of plants.
Sign	physical evidence of a causal agent (e.g., insect eggs, borer hole, frass). Contrast with symptom
Symptom	plant reaction to a disease or disorder (e.g., wilting, dieback) Contrast with sign.
Auxin	plant hormone or substance that promotes or regulates the growth and development of plants. Produced at sites where cells are dividing primarily in the shoot tips. Auxin like compounds may be synthetically produced.
Critical Root Zone	area of soil around a tree where the majority of the roots are located and that provide stability as well as uptake of water and minerals. CRZ determination is sometimes based on the drip line or a multiple of dbh, but because root growth
Chlorophyll	green pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Capture the energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis.
Cultivar	cultured variety of a plant. Cannot be reproduced without human assistance. Usually propagated asexually (cloned). Compare to variety.
Specific Epithet	classification name that follows the genus name in scientific nomenclature.
Hybrid	plant resulting from a cross between two or more other plants that are more or less alike
Family	taxonomic group under the order level and above the genus level. Refers to Scientific Nomeclature. Rember "Keep Pond Clean Or Froggy Gets Sick" for developing scientific names. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, FAMILY, Genus, and Species.
Arboriculture	practice and study of the care of trees and other woody plants in the landscape
Scion	top part of a graft, with leaves and buds, that is grafted to the root stock
Desiccation	severe drying out. Dehydration.
Callus	undifferentiated tissue formed by the cambium, usually as the result of wounding. Contrast with woundwood
Stomata	small pores, between two guard cells on the undersides of leaves and other green plant parts, through which gases are exchanged and water loss is regulated
Ramet	Freshly grafted tree (scion and attached root system) is referred to as a ramet (Lect. Slides)
Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees	natural defence process in trees by which chemical and physically boundaries are created that act to limit the spread of disease and decay organisms
Flush Cut	pruning cut through and/or removing the branch collar, causing unnecessary injury to the trunk or parent stem
Woundwood	lignified, differentiated tissues produced on woody plants as a response to wounding. Contrast with callus.
Rays	parenchyma tissues that extend radially across the xylem and phloem of a tree and function in transport, storage, structural strength, and defence.
Scaffold Limb	permanent or structural branches that form the scaffold architecture or structure of a tree
Plant Hardiness	Hardiness of plants describe their ability to survive adverse growing conditions. It is usually limited to discussions of climatic adversity. Thus a plant's ability to tolerate cold, heat, drought, flooding, or wind are typically considered measurements o
Shake(s)	separation of wood at the growth rings or rays, usually along the barrier zone that forms in the compartmentalization process (CODIT. Ring shake(s). Radial shake(s).
Dioecious	species of plants in which male and female flowers are on separate plants. Contrast with monoecious
Monoecious	species with male and female flowers borne on the same plant. Contrast with dioecious.
Whorl	leaves, twigs, or branches arranged in a circle around a point on the stem. Contrast with alternate and opposite.
Topping	inappropriate pruning technique to reduce tree size. Cutting back a tree to a predetermined crown limit, often at internodes.
Subordination –	prune to reduce the size and ensuing growth of a branch in relation to other branches or leaders.
Reaction Wood	wood formed in leaning or crooked stems or on lower or upper sides of branches as a means of counteracting the effects of gravity. See compression wood and tension wood.
Angiosperm	plant with seeds borne in an ovary. Consists of two large groups monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants) and dicotyledons (most woody trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and related plants). Contrast with gymnosperm
Gymnosperm	plants with exposed seeds, usually within cones. Contrast with angiosperm.
Xylem – main water and mineral	conucting (unidirectional, up only) tissue in trees and other plants. Provides structural support. Arises (in
Phloem	plant vascular tissue that transports photosynthates and growth regulators. Situated on the inside of bark, just outside the cambium. Is bidirectional (transports up and down). Contrast with xylem
Parenchyma cell	thin walled, living cells essential in photosynthesis, radial transport, energy storage, and production of protective compounds
Branch bark ridge	raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge.
Epicormic branching	shoot arising from a latent or adventitious bud (growth point)
Stratify	In horticulture, stratification is the process of pretreating seeds to simulate natural winter conditions that a seed must endure before germination. Many seed species undergo an embryonic dormancy phase, and generally will not sprout until this dormancy
Cotyledon	seed leaf. One of the first leaves to form in an embryo.
Genotype	The genotype is the genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual (i.e. the specific allele makeup of the individual) usually with reference to a specific character under consideration
Epigeal germination	In epigeous (or epigeal) germination, the hypocotyl elongates and forms a hook, pulling rather than pushing the cotyledons and apical meristem through the soil. Once it reaches the surface, it straightens and pulls the cotyledons and shoot tip of the grow
Included bark	bark that becomes embedded in a crotch 9union) between branch and trunk or between codominant stems. Causes a weak structure.
Biomechanics	Applies the principles of mechanical design to biological structures (Lect. Slides)
Compression wood	reaction wood in woody plants that develops on the underside of branches or leaning trunks. Compression wood is important in load bearing in conifers.
Tension wood	in broadleaved trees, reaction wood that forms on the upper side of branches or the trunks of leaning trees. Contrast with compression wood.
Disorder	abnormal condition that impairs the performance of one or more vital functions. Usually associated with noninfectious agents.
Drip line	imaginary line defined by the branch spread of a single plant or group of plants.
Sign	physical evidence of a causal agent (e.g., insect eggs, borer hole, frass). Contrast with symptom
Symptom	plant reaction to a disease or disorder (e.g., wilting, dieback) Contrast with sign.
Auxin	plant hormone or substance that promotes or regulates the growth and development of plants. Produced at sites where cells are dividing primarily in the shoot tips. Auxin like compounds may be synthetically produced.
Critical Root Zone	area of soil around a tree where the majority of the roots are located and that provide stability as well as uptake of water and minerals.
Chlorophyll	green pigment of plants found in chloroplasts. Capture the energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis.

Created by: carlos_reyes

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