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Social Studies 11
Chapter 14 Living Standard
| Glossary Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| per capita GDP | The average income figure for each person in a country that is calculated by dividing the gross domestic product by the population. |
| U.N. Human Development Index | Ranks countries using three measures: adult literacy, life expectancy, and per capita GDP. |
| “Top Ten and Bottom Ten” countries | The highest and lowest ranked countries as determined by the U.N. Index based on levels of economic and social development. |
| Infrastructure | Structures such as roads, railways, power grids, and communications links that are basic to the functioning of a modern economy, as well as buildings such as schools and hospitals. |
| Developed countries | A country with a strong service sector and often an industrial base. Citizens have the highest standards of living in the world, with high levels of literacy, health services, and food supplies. |
| Newly industrialized countries | Countries in the transition stage between developing and developed nations. Most have rapidly growing economies. |
| HIPC – Highly Indebted Poor Countries | Countries that are less developed and have very large debt loads that are owed to international financial institutions or developed countries. |
| World Bank | Bank that lends money to developing countries to help them build infrastructure projects to improve the standard of living of their people. |
| The cycle of poverty | A diagram depicting the various factors involved in poverty levels of countries. |
| IMF – International Monetary Fund | An agency of the United Nations set up to help nations experiencing difficulty paying their debts. Its aim is to keep the world economy stable. |
| SAPs – Structural Adjustment Programmes | In order for poor countries to get loans they have to restructure their economies to ensure repayment. They must agree to encourage foreign investment, grow cash crops for export, and have some government services run by private companies. |
| MNCs – Multinational companies | Companies that operate in a number of different countries. Because of their economic power they can at times dictate prices paid to producers in developing countries. |
| Burden of debt | These pressures make it hard for poor countries to pay for services that could improve the standard of living of their people. |
| Vulnerability of women and children | The burden of property creates particular hardships for women and children. Many developing countries have male-dominated societies where females and children have lower status than men. They may have no legal rights or be considered property. |
| UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Fund | The United Nations agency that deals with children's issues around the world. |
| PNR – Progress of Nations Report | A new child risk index developed by UNICEF. It measures five factors: the mortality rates of children under five, the percentage of children who are underweight, the number of children not in primary school, and risk from armed conflict and disease. |
| Under-Five Mortality Rate | The principal measure of human development used by UNICEF. |
| Amnesty International | An international organization which defines its mission as "preventing and ending grave abuses of civil rights." |
| U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child | Often referred to as "CRC", is an international convention setting out the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of children. |
| WHO – World Health Organization | A specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. |
| UNAIDS – United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS | The main advocate for accelerated, comprehensive and coordinated global action on the HIV epidemic. |
| Tied aid | Aid given by one country to another that has certain conditions attached to it. These conditions may include having to buy some or all of a certain product from the country giving the aid. |
| CIDA – Canadian International Development Agency | The government agency responsible for the coordination and distribution of Canada's foreign aid program. |
| NGOs – Non-Governmental Organizations | Relief and development organizations that represent religious or service groups operationg aid projects in developing countries. |
| Developing countries | Generally, countries that have more of an agriculturally-based economy, inequalities in both its education and health care systems, and a rapidly increasing population. |
| Multilateral aid | Aid to some less-developed country or region that is funded by a number of different governments. |
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alfromcanada