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Endocrine System
Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Ed., Ch 18 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adrenal cortex | outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones |
| adrenal medulla | inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| ovaries | located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion |
| pancreas | located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (islets of Langerhans) secrete hormones. Also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion. |
| parathyroid glands | four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland |
| pituitary gland (hypophysis) | located at the base of the brain in the sella turcia; composed of an anterior lobe and a posterior lobe |
| anterior lobe | adenohypophysis |
| posterior lobe | neurohypophysis |
| testes | two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion |
| thyroid gland | located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine |
| adrenaline (epinephrine) | secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex |
| aldosterone | secreted by the andrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption |
| androgen | male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by the kidney |
| calcitonin | secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels |
| epinephrine (adrenaline) | secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic); it is part of the body's "fight or flight" reaction |
| estradiol | estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries |
| estrogen | female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. examples are estradiol and estrone |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes |
Created by:
megaly ryan
on 2007-09-09