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RELS 108 Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anthropomorphic images of the Divine | Divine is appears with human characteristics or attributes, even if it does not look human ex. talking dog, spirit god is close and immanent |
| non-anthropomorphic images of the divine | divine appears as a non-human like entity ex. piece of bread, rock, fire god is close and immanent |
| Images of the Goddess | model of a "female goddess" has been the prevailing image of god for majority of time |
| Images of the Goddess (cont.) | Birth is the ultimate power and this why women were placed above men |
| Evidence of ancient goddess cultures | statues that exagerrated female characteristics: the vulva, the breasts, menstruation Goddess has sacred places on earth: caves (represent womb), paintings on walls (females central) bodies buried in caves |
| Evidence of ancient goddess cultures(cont.) | the moon- central image of the goddess, moon has cycles that represnt the natural cycle of life death (dark cycle of moon) is not to be feared, it is just a part of the cycle of life |
| Other images of the goddess | birds, snakes, water, fish, triangles (vulva), spirals, labyrinths (caves). These images teach us that the goddess is a life giving nourisher, all creation is from the mother, humanity is not above nature, but a sibling to nature, all is connected |
| Why the shift from female to male god | development of tools development of weapons humans begin to control nature survival not so precarious rise of the warrior |
| evidence of shift | hebrew creation stories distance themselves from goddess culture: chaos= water serpent= devil eve/female = downfall of humanity nature = dominated/subdued |
| feminism | the conviction that women are just as human as men and not a separate species |
| androcentrism | what feminists fight against the belief that the male is somehow the norm inherent in our language at times christians don't allow women to do... muslims don't.... jews don't... |
| burning times/witch craze | happened during spanish inquisition powerful women were labeled witches and burned at the stake |
| witch | a powerful woman |
| patriarchy | social organization marked by the supremacy of the father in the clan or family, the legal dependence of wives and children, and the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line: control by men of a disproportionately large share of power |
| ritual | part of everyday life stem from and point back to what we onsider important |
| religious rituals | part of the overall system of a religious community's life, stemming from and pointing back to what a community considers important avenue for SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCES ex: prayer, kneeling, rising, meals, pilgrimages, baptism, marriages |
| types of rituals | 1. rituals that allow communities to enter into their stories (Passover, Communion) 2. Rite of Passage (circumcision, baptism, bar mitzvah, weddings, funerals) |
| meanings of rituals | adoration- dependence, surrender, and submission thanksgiving- everything that one has comes from the divine purification-must undergo a change before they approach sacred penance- make up for broken rules petition- ask for something specific |
| problems with rituals | loss of meaning: when something becomes an everyday thing it can lose meaning quickly superstition |
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