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MIS_Exam_2
Managing the IS Infrastructure and Services
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Infrastructure | The technical structure enabling the provision of services |
| Information Systems Infrastructure | Hardware, software, communication and collaboration networks, databases, etc that support the decision making of a company. |
| Input Technologies | used to enter information into a computer (keyboard and mouse, fingerprint scanner) |
| Processing Technologies | Transforms inputs into outputs, encompassing both storage and computational resources |
| Output Technologies | Deliver information to you in a usable format |
| Central Processing Unit | Responsible for performing all operations of the computer; loads operating system, performing, coordinating and managing all instructions relayed to it while the computer is running |
| digitized | translated into binary code |
| Primary Storage | RAM temporary storage space for data that is currently being processed, Volatile memory |
| Secondary Storage | Used for permanently storing data, it retains the data when the power is shut off.Nonvolatile memory. |
| Software | programs or sets of instructions that allow all the hardware components in your computer system to speak to each other and perform desired tasks |
| Systems Software | Collection of programs that control the basic operations of computer hardware. |
| Operating System | Most prominent type of systems software, oordinates the interaction between hardware devices, peripherals, application software and users |
| Application Software | lets a user perform SPECIFIC tasks, such as writing business letters, processing payroll, etc. |
| Open Source Software | A program whos source code is freely available for use, and/or modification... succes due to large input base |
| Types of Computers: | Supercomputer, Mainframe, Server, Workstation, Microcomputer |
| Supercomputer | One to many users, Like an automobile to as large as multiple rooms, scientific research, hella memory, millions of dollars |
| Mainframe | 1,000+ users simultaneously, like a refrigerator, large general purpose business and government, lots of GB, very expensive |
| Server | like a DVD player, provides web sites or access to databases, fairly inexpensive relatively |
| Workstation | One user, fitting on a desktop |
| Microcomputer | One user, handheld to fitting on a desktop, used for personal productivity, relatively inexpensive |
| Databases | Collections of related data organized in a way that facilitates data searches |
| Database management Systems | A type of application program that allows organizations to more easily store, retrieve and analyze data |
| Computer Networking requires.. | Senders and receivers with a message, medium or transmission pathway in which to send message, and rules or protocols that dictate communication between the two |
| Bandwidth | The transmission capacity of a computer or communications channel, measured in Bits per second, represents how much binary data can be reliably transmitted over the medium in one second. |
| Network | Consists of servers, clients and peers |
| Server | Any computer on the network that makes access to files, printing, communications and other services available to users of the network |
| Client | Any computer or software application that uses the services provided by the Server. |
| Peer | Any computer that may both request and provide services. Businesses use Server-Centric networks, P2P used by homes |
| Different Types of Networks | Private Branch Excange, Personal Area Network, Local Area Network, Campus Area Network, Metropolitan Area Network, Wide Area Network |
| PBX | Private Branch Exchange, used within a business, telephone system serving a particular location |
| PAN | Personal Area Network, Wireless communication between devices using technologies such as Bluetooth, under 10 meters |
| LAN | Local Area Network, Sharing of data, software applications, or other resources between several users, within a building |
| CAN | Campus area Network; Connect multiple LAN's, used by single organization |
| MAN | Metropolitan Area Network; connect multiple LAN's; used by a single organization, city wide |
| WAN | Wide area Network; Connect multiple LAN's, distributed ownership and management, THE INTERNET (world wide web) |
| Internet | A large, worldwide collection of networks that use a common protocol to communicate with each other (comes from internetworking |
| Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency | 1960's a project that produced the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), U of Cali and Stanford 1st users; National Science Foundation Network |
| Packet Switching | Based on Concept of Turn taking, and enables millions of users to send large and small chunks of data simultaneously; turn taking! |
| Transmission Control Protocol (IP/TCP) | The protocol used by the internet. Breaks data into small chunks called data packets, transfers those packets from computer to computer. Connected by router. |
| IP Datagram | A data packet that conforms to the IP specifications, this works because every computer and router has a unique IP address |
| TCP Performs these three main tasks... | First, automatically checks for datagrams that have been lost en route to their destination. Second, collects incoming datagrams and puts them in the correct order,.Last, discards duplicate copies |
| World Wide Web is.. | A system of interlined documents on the internet; a graphical user interface to the Internet that provides users with a simple, consistent interface to access a wide variety of information |
| Web browser | A software application used to locate and display web pages, including text, graphics and multimedia content |
| History of World Wide web.. | First used tool Gopher, then Hyper text and hyper links introduced, HTML |
| WWW Proliferation included three events.. | Introduction of the Web, Information Infrastructure Act, Arrival of Mosaic(graphical web browser) |
| URL | Uniform Resource Locator, used to identify and locate a particular web page; contains domain, top level domain and host name |
| Domain name, Top level domain name, host Name in Google Example | www.=host name google=Domain name .com=top level domain name |
| Moore's Law | Hypothesis that the number of transistors on a chip would double ~ every two years |
| Obsolescence and Planned Obsolescence | Issues with constant upgrading of products and services. Some plan in advance for this. Powerful hardware enables powerful software... which requires powerful hardware! |
| Space and Facility Requirements to consider.. | Connectivity, Floor Space, Provision of Energy and cooling, and Security |
| Utility Computing Model | Organizations rent resources from an external provider on an as needed basis. |
| Some long term strategic issues involved in choosing different service providers include.. | -Scalability(will it meet changing needs in terms of storage,etc?) -Viability(long term stability?) -Diversity(easier to manage fewer providers that can meet all your needs) -Support Policies (how will issues be resolved) |
| Other Issues of a more technical nature involved in choosing service providers inlude.. | -Availability/Reliability -Security -Openness -Compliance -Privacy -Openness |
| Virtualization | Multiple virtual machines, each with its own applications, can be configured to run on one single computer (better utilization of resources) |
| Cloud Computing | A model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources, that can be rapidly released with minimal interaction between servers and providers |
| Cloud Characteristics | On Demand Self Service (buffet style-as needed basis) Rapid Elasticity (quickly) Ubiquitous Network Access (accessible) Resource Pooling Measured Service Service Models |
| Different Cloud Computing Service Models | Software as a Service (SaaS)- customer uses an application provided via a cloud infrastructure; gmail, -Platform as a Service(PaaS)user has control over applications but not over infrastructure -Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)greatest flex |
| Private and Public Clouds | Public: any interested party can use on pay-per use basis Private: Owned by client, internal to an organization |
| Grid Computing | Helps solve large scale computing problems; combines computing power of multiple smaller, independant networked computers in order to solve large scaled problems |
| Edge Computing | Moving Processing and data storage away from a centralized network to the edges of a network(Akamai) |
| IP Convergence | An increasing convergence within the underlying infrastructure or devices; the use of IP for transporting voice, video, fax and data traffic that has allowed new forms of communication and collaboration & traditional forms to be less expensive! |
| Voice Over IP | VoIP:the use of internet technology for placing calls (cost savers) |
| Videoconferencing over IP | Pretty much what it sounds like... skype, HALO room, etc. |
| Green Computing | Helping to use computers more efficiently, doing the same or more for less. Examples: using virtualization, cloud computing, discouraging printing of things...Retiring of obsolete hardware! |
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