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ch 22 UP RESP DISOR
ch 22 MGT PTS UPPER RESP DISORDER
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| APHONIA | impaired ability to use one's voice due to disease or injury to larynx |
| APNEA | cessation of breathing |
| dysphaGia | difficulties SWALLOWING |
| EPISTAXIS | nose bleed / nasal blood vessel hemorrhage |
| MEDICAMENTOSA | rebound nasal congestion commonly assoc. w. overuse of OTC nasal decongestants |
| NUCHAL RIGIDITY | neck stiffness / inability to bend neck |
| RHINITIS | inflammation of nasal mucus membranes may be: infectious, allergic, or inflammatory in origin Acute - Chronic |
| RHINORRHEA | large amount of nasal drainage |
| RHINOSINUSITIS | 'SINUSITIS' inflammation of nares and/or paranasal sinuses |
| XEROSTOMIA | DRYNESS of the MOUTH from a variety of causes |
| URI | upper airway infection / Upper Respiratory tract Infection common cold = most common average = adult, 2-4/yr |
| most common reasons for missing school/work and seeking health care... | URI |
| Common INDOOR allergens: | dust mite (feces) dog/cat dander cockroach droppings molds |
| Common OUTDOOR allergens: | Tree pollen Weeds Grasses Molds |
| URI special condsiderations in ELDERLY: | -more serious w. other conditions -influenza exacerbates COPD -use antihistamines cautiously (SE & Rx-Rx) -Laryngitis common in elderly, 2ndary to GERD |
| CRS | CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS chronic sinusitis (benefit-endoscopic sinus surgery) |
| S/S RHINITIS: | rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sneezing, pruritis of nose, mouth, throat, eyes, ears, headache |
| Rx for Rhinitis (allergic/non-allergic)= symptom relief: | Antihistamines Antihistamine/Decongestant Corticosteroids Oral / Nasal spray |
| RN Mgt/Care Allergic Rhinitis: | -avoid allergens -Rx education & read OTC @ Rx-Rx -Saline spray to sooth membranes -proper nasal spray admin (p520) |
| RN Mgt/Care Infectious Rhinitis: | -same as allergic + -teach hand hygiene -encourage yearly flu vaccine |
| COMMON NAME FOR VIRAL RHINITIS | COMMON COLD |
| 3 MOST COMMON TIMES VIRAL RHINITIS EPIDEMICS: | -September / start of school (fall) -late January (winter) -late April (spring) |
| S/S VIRAL RHINITIS: | -low grade fever -all symptoms of 'allergies' -cough -herpes simplex (cold sores) in some pts |
| RN Mgt of Viral Rhinitis: | -fluid intake -rest -prevention of chills -expectorants PRN -warm salt water for throat -NSAID's for pain/fever -antihistamines -teach hand hygiene & breaking infection chain |
| ABRS AVRS | Acute Bacterial RhinoSinusitis Acute Viral RhinoSinusitis |
| Patients with NG or NASOTRACHEAL tubes are at risk for developing... | NG OR NT tubes = risk for SINUS INFECTION Remove tube as soon as permitable |
| RN mgt of Acute Rhinosinusitis | -promote sinus drainage, humidifier, warm compresses, decongestants -avoid swimming, diving, air travel -correct admin of nasal spray -Rx for pain -complete antibiotic regimen |
| GABHS / GAS common name... | Strep throat (bacterial/streptococcal) |
| most Acute Pharyngitis cause is... | viral: adenovirus, influenza, epstein-barr, herpes simplex |
| RSAT = | RAPID STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIGEN TEST |
| S/S ACUTE PHARYNGITIS | -Sore throat -Fiery red pharyngeal membrane -Swollen tonsils/pillars -Fever w/o chills -nausea / vomiting -headache |
| RX for Acute Pharyngitis Viral / Bacterial | Viral - treat sysmptoms - resolves itself 5-10 days Bacterial - oral Penicillin V potassium X 5days OR Azithromycin 3-10 days |
| RN mgt Acute Pharyngitis | -bed rest while fever -teach hygiene -assess for Rash -warm saline or saltwater gargles -mouth care -complete antibiotic therapy -replace toothbrush |
| Trismus | inability to open mouth |
| odynophagia | severe sensation of burning squeezing pain while swallowing |
| otalgia | pain in the ear |
| Peritonsillar Abscess "quinsy" | most common major suppurative complication of sore throat. May develop after tonsilitis. Can progress to life threatening state. |
| s/s peritonsillar abscess | -appears acutely ill -sore throat, fever, trismus, drooling, dysphagia, otalgia, rancid breath -purulent tonsil, eyrthema oropharynx |
| Med treatment of peritonsillar abscess: | -antibiotics/corticosteroids -needle aspiration or incision & draining |
| RN mgt peritonsillar abscess: | -surgical prep/support -assists with topical anesthetics -throat irrigations/ gargles -encourage cool fluids -recovery/discharge instructions |
| Laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx assoc. with GERD sometimes May be viral, bacterial, or occupational |
| aphonia | complete loss of voice |
| s/s laryngitis | -hoarseness, aphonia, severe cough -may be sudden onset, worse by cold/wind -worse in morning or evening -tickle in throat |
| Treatment of laryngitis: | if bacterial = antibiotics resting voice/throat eliminating irritants (smoking, etc) |
| RN mgt of laryngitis: | -instruct pt to rest voice -use humidifier -encourage fluids (expectorant if indicated) -resolves 7-10 days |
| RN intervention to maintain patent airway with URI | -increase fluids = thin mucus -room vaporizor -encourage position for drainage |
| RN intervention to promote comfort/reduce pain with URI | -encourage analgesics as prescribed -hot packs relieve congestion & promote drainage -warm water gargles relieve throat -promote good hygiene |
| Complications of URI: | -Sepsis -Meningitis -brain abscess (from severe peritonsillar abscess) -otitis media & rhinosinusitis |
| S/S of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) | -excessive daytime sleepiness -frequent nocturnal wakening -insomnia / loud snoring -morning headaches -personality changes / irritability -systemic hypertension -dysrhythmias / polycythemia / enuresis |
| CPAP BiPAP | CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE BILEVEL POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE |
| CPAP is used to prevent... | airway collapse, thereby preventing apnea |
| RN mgt of OSA | -educate pt @ condition and risk of untreated OSA -encourage, eval therapy adherence |
| Most common body fracture? | Nasal fracture is the most common facial and body fracture |
| Dextrostick 'dipstick' | used to verify leakage of CSF |
| 1/2 of all head and neck cancers are what type/location? | Larynx cancer / squamous cell carcinoma |
Created by:
rtcdavis
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