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Weathering+soil form
Earth Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mechanical weathering | when the forces of weathering break rocks into smaller pieces but do not change the chemical makeup of the rocks. |
| Chemical weathering | the chemical makeup of the rock is changed. |
| Weathering | the breaking down of rock and other materials on the Earth’s surface |
| Temperature (mechanical weathering) | heat causes the outside of rock to expand, cooling causes the rock to contract. This continuous cycle causes the rock to go through exfoliation (curved sheets or slabs). |
| Organic activity (mechanical weathering) | a plant growing in a crack, roots of plants (Root-Pry)loosen rock material; or any activity caused by living things. |
| Frost wedging (mechanical weathering) | the repeated freezing and melting of water that has seeped into the cracks of the rocks |
| Gravity (mechanical weathering) | pulls loosened rocks off of cliffs or mountain sides |
| Landslide (mechanical weathering) | large movement of loose rocks and soil. |
| Avalanche (mechanical weathering) | large movement of loose rocks and snow. |
| Abrasion (mechanical weathering) | wind-blown sand causes weathering of rocks. Carried by wind, water, or other forces. Causes riverbed rocks to be rounded and smooth. |
| Water (chemical weathering) | (universal solvent) can dissolve most of the minerals that hold rocks together. Can also form an acid when mixed with certain gases which speeds up decomposition. |
| Oxidation (chemical weathering) | oxygen chemically combines with another substance. The result is an entirely different substance. Iron in rocks turns to rust. |
| Carbonation (chemical weathering) | carbon dioxide dissolves in rain water, forming a weak acid called carbonic acid. Dissolves certain rocks (feldspar and limestone) |
| Sulfuric acid (chemical weathering) | air polluted with sulfur oxides (from burning coal) dissolve in rain. Causing acid rain to fall which corrodes rocks, metals, and other materials quickly. |
| Plant acids (chemical weathering) | produce weak acids that dissolve certain minerals in rocks (example: mosses and lichens) |
| Rate of weathering is determined by... | 1. Stability of rock – ability to resist chemical weathering. Can vary with climate. Ex. Limestone weathers very little in dry climates but in wet climates it can be completely dissolved. 2. Amount of time exposed. 3. Amount of exposed surface. |
Created by:
elarocco
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