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Phys3 Pancreas

Phys3 Endocrine Pancreas

QuestionAnswer
Islets of Langerhans: What do Alpha cells produce? Glucagon
Islets of Langerhans: what to Beta cells produce? Insulin
Protein chains making up Insulin? what makes it active? Insulin is made up of an Alpha and Beta chain. **isn't activated until a C-peptide chain is cleaved.
What is serum [C-peptide] an acurate measure of? Endogenous Insulin production. **It is screted in equal amounts as Insulin.
Steps leading to Beta cell Insulin secretion 1.Glucose enters GLUT2 receptors on Beta cell. 2.Creates ATP. 3.This Inhibits K+-channels, depolarizing Em. 4.This activates Ca-voltage gated channels which Allow Ca Influx. 5.This encourages release of Insulin. **aa's also cause this
Which causes a greater insulin response: IV glucose, or Oral glucose? ORAL! the GI absorption of glucose will stimulate Pancreatic B cells.
What determines the cellular response to insulin binding to GLUT4 receptors in skeletal muscle and adipose 1.Amt of insulin binding. 2.the secondary messanger systems that get activated.
Primary effects of Insulin on Muscle 1.Inc glucose intake (GLUT4). 2.Inc protein synthesis. 3.Dec protein breakdown.
Primary effects of Insulin on Adipocytes. 1.Inc glucose uptake (GLUT4). 2.Inc FA uptake. 3.Inc triglyceride produciton.
Primary effects of Insulin on Liver 1.Inc glycogenesis. 2.Dec glycogenolysis. 3.Inc glycolysis & triglyceride production. 4.Dec gluconeogenesis.
Amylin 37 aa peptide secreted with Insulin in response to nutrient glucose. It inhibits: 1.Gastric empyting. 2.Glucagon secretion.. 3.food intake
2 things stimulating glucagon secretion 1.Hypoglycemia. 2.aa's
2 things inhibiting glucagon secretion 1.hyperglycemia. 2.Somatostatin
Effects of glucagon on the liver? Exact opposite of Insulin, it stimulates: 1.gluconeogenesis. 2.glycogenolysis. 3.Lipolysis.
What secretes Somatostatin (besides the Hypothalamus ya smart ass) Pancreatic Delta cells.
Receptors for Pancreatic Somatostatin SSTR 1-5. **SSTR5 responsible for Inh of Insulin secretion. **SSTR2 responsible for Inh of glucagon & GH.
4 main Effects of Pancreatic somatostatin 1.slows gastric emptying. 2.Dec gastric secretions. 3.Inh Insulin. 4.Inh Glucagon.
2 things inhibiting Insulin secretion 1.Pancreatic Somatostatin (via SSTR5). 2.Aplha-adrenergic activation.
What type of receptor does Insulin bind to? Membrane bound tyrosine kinase with an alpha (insulin binding) and beta (tyrosine kinase activity) subunit.
Difference b/w Type1 and Type 2 diabetes Type 1 is insulin dependent, meaning the body doesnt produce enough. Type 2 is insulin independent meaning the cells have developed down regulation of insulin receptors due to chronic exposure. **This is what happens when your fat like Sean Winefry.
Created by: WeeG
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