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Chap 15AR
Urinary System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
antiseptic | substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of micro-organisms |
arteriole | smallest branch of an artery |
Bowman's capsule | cup-shaped end of a renal tubule containing a glomerulus |
cortex | outer layer of a body organ or structure |
cytoscope | instrument used to view the interior of the bladder |
dialysate | solution that contains water and electrolytes; passes through the artificial kidney to remove excess fluids and wastes from the blood; also called "bath" |
dialysis | process of removing waste products from the blood |
dwell time | length of time the dialysis solution stays in the peritoneal cavity |
fossa | hollow or depression usually at the end of a bone |
glomerular filtrate | substances that filter out of the blood through glomeruli (water, sugar, salts, etc.) |
glomerulus | ball-shaped collection of very tiny coiled and intertwined capillaries |
hilum | depression, or pit, of an organ where the vesseles and nerves enter |
meatus | opening or tunnel through any part of the body (ex: external opening of the urethra) |
medulla | most internal part of a structure or organ |
micturition | urination |
nephrolith | kidney stone |
renal calculus | kidney stone; also call nephrolith |
peritoneum | specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall |
peritonitis | inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity |
pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
renal pelvis | central collecting part of the kidney that narrows into the large upper end of the ureter |
renal tubule | long, twisted tube that leads away from the glomerulus; water, sugar, and salts are reabsorbed into the bloodstream through the network of capillaries that surround them |
residual urine | urine that remains in the bladder after urination |
toxic | poisonous |
turbid | cloudy |
uremia | excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood |
ureter | one of a pair of tubes that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder |
urethra | tubular structure that drains urine |
urinary incontinence | inability to control urination |
urine | fluid released by the kidneys; normal is clear, straw-colored, and slightly acidic |
albuminuria | presence in the urine of abnormally large quantities of protien |
anuria | cessation (stopping) of urine production |
bacteriuria | presence of bacteria in the urine |
dysuria | painful urination |
fatigue | state of exhaustion |
frequency | number of repetitions of any phenomenon within a fixed period of time |
glcosuria | glucose in the urine |
hematuria | abnormal presence of blood in the urine |
ketonuria | ketone bodies in the urine; result of uncontrolled DM,starvation, and other metabolic conditions (fats rapidly broken down) |
malaise | feeling of bodily weakness and discomfort |
nocturia | excessive urination at night |
oliguria | scanty (diminished) urine output |
polydipsia | excessive thrist |
polyuria | abnornally large amounts of urine |
pyuria | pus in the urine |
urgency | feeling of the need to void urine immediately |
cysitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
glomerulonephritis, acute | inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidneys |
hydronephrosis | distension of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the ureter |
polycystic kidney disease | disorder of the kidneys in which grapelike fluid-filled sacs or systs replace normal kidney tissue |
pylonephristis, acute | bacterial infection of the renal pelvis of the kidney |
renal failure, chronic | progressively slow development of kidney failure, over a period of years |
vesicoureteral reflux | backflow (reflux) of urine |
hemodialysis | removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood; shunting |
catherization | introduction of a catheter (flexible hollow tube) into a body cavity, to instill a substance or to remove a fluid |
cytometrography | examination performed to evaluate bladder tone; bladder pressure during filling and voiding |
cystoscopy | process of viewing the interior of the bladder using a cytoscope |
intravenous pyelogram | radiographic procedure provides visualization of the entire urinary tract: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) | x-ray of the lower abdomen; defines the size, shape, and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
retrograde pyelogram (RP) | radiographic procedure; catheters are passed through a cytoscope into the ureters to visualize the ureters and the renal pelvis |
urinalysis | physical, chemical, or microscopic examination of urine |
24-hour urine specimen | collection of all of the urine excreted by the individual over a 24-hour period |
voiding cystourethrography | x-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during the voiding process |
clean-catch specimen | collection is used to avoid contamination of the urine specimen from the microorganisms normally present on the external genitalia; midstream specimen |
first-voided specimen | collection of the first-voided specimen of the morning; early-morning specimen |
random specimen | urine specimen that is collected at any time |
ureterostenosis | ureteral stricture (narrowing) |
vesicocele | herniation of the urinary bladder into the vagina |