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Hinduism Test
World Rel Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How Do Humans Interact with the Sacred? | Rituals Prayers Mythologies |
| Action and In-action | Practices that show the divine in action Practices that allow you to quietly perceive the divine |
| Violence | |
| The Question Matrix | Organized by “Four Questions” Is there a God? What does it mean to be human? How do humans interact with the sacred? How does the sacred become community? Think “Vertically” |
| Edward Tylor on Religion | Belief and ritual concerned with supernatural beings, powers and forces; must be accepted on “faith”; nonempirical and inexplicable |
| Emilé Durkheim on Religion | Bodies of people that band together regularly for worship; subscribe to and internalize a common system of meanings |
| Gertz on Religion (1) a system of symbols (2) which acts to establish powerful, pervasive and long-lasting moods and motivations in men | (3) by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and (4) clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that (5) the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic. |
| Ninian Smart’s sevenfold scheme of study | Doctrinal Mythological Ethical Ritual Experiential Institutional *Material (added later) |
| Tylor’s heirarchical stages of religion | Animism—belief in spiritual beings Polytheism Monotheism Science |
| Truth as Monologue | Only one speaker Convinces the listener of the truth |
| Truth as a dialogue | Multiple speakers, multiple viewpoints Listener can compare / contrast views |
| Hindu: Sanskrit word Sindhu | The historic name for the Indus River in the northwestern part of the Indian Subcontinent Often called a religious tradition |
| Oldest continuous religion | Hinduism 1500-500 BCE (Vedic Tradition) No single religion Umbrella term for multiple doctrines |
| Sanatana dharma means... | "Eternal virtue" or "law" |
| Dharma is.. | “Religion” “Universal Law” Dharma as “Regulation of Life through Universal Law” “Social Responsibilities” “Virtuous Path of Life” holds the universe together |
| Sruti | Scripture of Hinduism |
| Smrti | Hindu Oral Traditions (stories and actions) |
| Sruti texts | Vedas Upanishads |
| Smrti texts | Puranas Ramayana |
| Brahman: Source of All Divinity | All gods / goddesses are aspects of this one true divine essence. A material and creative force, all time and space. |
| Brahma | main hindu god, creation force |
| Vishnu | main hindu god, protection and preservation divine couple with Lakshmi |
| Shiva | main hindu god, destruction and transformation. Portrayed as a warrior, dancer, stylized penis / vagina (creative force) |
| Avatars of Vishnus | Krishna Rama Buddha Kalki – The Avatar to Come |
| Parvati | (hinduism) Shiva's wife. Ganesha (elephant god) Kartikeya (Murugan) |
| SHakti | “Goddess”: the force within a male god’s power |
| Durga | warrior force |
| Umma | maternal force |
| Kali | uncontrolled fury |
| Sacred places of Hinduism | Ganges River Galta Temple – Hanuman Karni Mata – Yama Rats fed and protected White rats especially revered Shiva the rock |
| Castes and Subcastes (jati) | Brahmins – Priests (Head) Ksatriyas – Royalty and Warriors (Arms) Vaisyas – Merchants and Farmers (Thighs) Sudras – Servants and Laborers (Legs) Dalits – “Untouchables” outside the system |
| Defined in the Rig-veda (Body of Purusha) | The caste system |
| Goal of Hinduism | to connect with Brahman Moksha – Liberation |
| Atman | human true self / soul Comprised of Brahman |
| Maya | Illusion that is the reality of the world |
| Samsara | Cycle of death and rebirth Souls reincarnate until achieving moksha |
| Sanatana dharma | Superior rebirths for virtuous living |
| The cause and effect of Hindu life | dharma and karma |
| Bad karma must be | “burned off” through lower rebirths |
| Moksha results in | escape of samsara |
| Karma doesnt accumulate after | moksha |
| without enough karma... | enlightened beings become one with Brahman after death |
| the path of works | Sacrifice, Purity, and Ritual |
| vedic sacrifice | Earliest form of Hindu Practice Offerings to the gods bring harmony and order |
| sacrifice | Food: ghee, cakes, and soma Animals: goats & horses (special significance) Humans: no longer acceptable |
| religious purity (Appropriate purity maintains balance and harmony) | Bathe in sacred waters Temples Ganges, Indus Rivers |
| Puja | rituals |
| Festivals – Communal celebration of sanatana dharma | Public celebrations Pilgrimages |
| Bhakti the path of devotion | Personal devotion to god(s), Common Practices: Sacrifices of food and clothing, Prayer and song, Meditation and mantras |
| Yogic Paths of Knowledge | Seeks kaivalya – ultimate timelessness Recognition of atman |
| Kaivalya | The experience of ultimate timelessness Pure Consciousness – union with Brahman |
| Yogic states of human consciousness | Wakefulness Dreaming Dreamlessness Pure Consciousness |
| types of yogic awareness | Purusha Prakriti |
| Life cycle expectations | Birth Re-birth Beginning of religious and occupational study Marriage Often arranged – within same caste Renunciation Cremation |
| Ancient Vedic afterlife | Differing realities based on caste, karma, and funeral ritual |
| Reincarnation is dependant on | karma |
| Eternal timelessness as atman | Unity with Brahman |
| Dependent on caste Guides actions and behaviors | dharma |
| Result of previous life’s application of Dharma | karma, determines rebirth |
Created by:
bwhite115
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