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diabetes shiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the pancreas? | The pancreas has beta cells that produce insulin and alpha cell that produce glucagon. |
| What is SMBG? | Self monitored blood glucose |
| What is type 1 diabetes? | Younger onset, 1-2 times more common in whites, 5-10% of all diabetics, thin/catabolic state |
| Type 1 is ______ dependent. | Insulin dependent |
| What is the leading cause of blindness that is caused by diabetes? | retinopathy |
| What is the dysfunction of diabetes type 1? | NO insulin is produced due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. |
| What is Type II diabetes? | Most prevalent. Usually 35-40 and older. 80-90% obese, sedentary. |
| What are the 2 primary treatments for diabetes II? | Diet! Exercise!! |
| What are the 3 rapid-acting, short duration insulins? (called rapid-acting in pp) | Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine |
| What is the trade name for Lispro? | Humalog (lisps are HUMA-rous) |
| What is the trade name for Aspart? | Novolog (ASPART-ame is a new NOVO sugar) |
| What is the trade name for Glulisine? | Apidra |
| What is the onset time for the rapid acting/short duration insulins? | 5-15 min (according to pp) |
| What is the peak time for the rapid acting/short duration insulins? | 30-90 min (according to pp) |
| What is the length of duration for the rapid acting/short duration insulins? | < 5 hours (according to pp) |
| What is the slower acting/short duration insulin? (called short acting in pp) | Regular insulin (we're just REGULAR SLOW acting slowbaccs) |
| What are the trade names for regular insulin? | Humulin R, Novolin R |
| What is the onset time for the slower acting/short duration insulin? | 1/2 to 1 hr (according to pp) |
| What is the peak time for the slower acting/short duration insulin? | 2-3 hrs (according to pp) |
| What is the duration for the slower acting/short duration insulin? | 5-8 hrs (according to pp) |
| What is the intermediate duration insulin? (called intermediate acting in pp) | NPH or lente (iNtermediate) |
| What is the onset time for the intermediate duration insulin? | 2-4 hrs |
| What is the peak time for the intermediate duration insulin? | 4-10 hrs |
| What is the duration for the intermediate duration insulin? | 10-16 hrs |
| What is the long-acting insulin? | Lantus (Ultralente); glargine gargle atLANTa |
| What is the onset for long-acting insulin? | 2-4 hrs |
| What is the peak for long-acting insulin? | No peak. |
| What is the duration of long-acting insulin? | 20-24 hrs |
| What are the premixed insulins available? | Humalog mix 75/25; Humalog mix 50/50; Novolog mix 70/30 |
| How do you give an insulin injection? | http://www.drugs.com/cg/giving-an-insulin-injection.html |
| What to remember when administering more than one insulin injection? | Always draw clear solution before cloudy. |
| What's the fastest area to give a SQ injection? | Abdomen, followed by the arm, thigh then butt. fat goes fastest to my abs, i'd rather it go to my butt |
| What are oral agents for diabetes? | They are not insulin, but act by improving mechanisms by which insulin/glucose are produced/used by the body. |
| What are the different types of oral agents for diabetes? (5) | Sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones |
| Sulfonylureas: Action? | Increase insulin production by pancreas. Used to lower blood glucose when diet/exercise fail. |
| Sulfonylureas: Prototype? | Glyburide URide-URea |
| Sulfonylureas: Contraindications? | Known drug allergy, or active hypoglycemia |
| Sulfonylureas: Interactions? | Alcohol, anabolic steroids, thyroid preps, beta-blockers (B.A.T.A are BAD-ah) |
| Sulfonylureas: SE/AE? | Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelets), GI, erythema, heartburn. |
| Sulfonylureas: Generations? | 1st and 2nd generations, 2nd g much more potent, less drug interactions |
| Dear Rick, You are _________. | Not that great of a teacher. |
| Biguanides: Action? (3) | Lower blood glucose by: 1. Increase sensitivity of insulin receptors. 2. DECREASE glucose absorption by intestines 3. Decrease glucose production by liver (biguanides are like B.I.G., they keep it RIL- receptors, intestine, liver) |
| Biguanides: Prototype? | Metformin |
| Biguanides: Contraindications? | Known drug allergy. Active hypoglycemia. Renal or liver failure. |
| Biguanides: SE/AE? | Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, GI, erythema, heartburn. Winnie: N/V, diarrhea, decreased appetite. Can cause lactic acidosis (rare) |
| Biguanides: Drug interactions? | Same as sulfonylureas: BATA are bad-uh. Beta-blockers, alcohol, thyroid preps, anabolic steroids |
| Do biguanides pose risk of hypoglycemia? | No. They do NOT actively drive blood glucose down, does NOT pose risk of hypoglycemia |
| What is the drug of choice for DMII? | Biguanides (metformin) |
Created by:
kangaloo
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